Trends in Global Shark Catch and Recent Developments in Management
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The Fishing and Illegal Trade of the Angelshark DNA Barcoding
Fisheries Research 206 (2018) 193–197 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Fisheries Research journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/fishres The fishing and illegal trade of the angelshark: DNA barcoding against T misleading identifications ⁎ Ingrid Vasconcellos Bunholia, Bruno Lopes da Silva Ferrettea,b, , Juliana Beltramin De Biasia,b, Carolina de Oliveira Magalhãesa,b, Matheus Marcos Rotundoc, Claudio Oliveirab, Fausto Forestib, Fernando Fernandes Mendonçaa a Laboratório de Genética Pesqueira e Conservação (GenPesC), Instituto do Mar (IMar), Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), Santos, SP, 11070-102, Brazil b Laboratório de Biologia e Genética de Peixes (LBGP), Instituto de Biociências de Botucatu (IBB), Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Botucatu, SP, 18618-689, Brazil c Acervo Zoológico da Universidade Santa Cecília (AZUSC), Universidade Santa Cecília (Unisanta), Santos, SP, 11045-907, Brazil ARTICLE INFO ABSTRACT Handled by J Viñas Morphological identification in the field can be extremely difficult considering fragmentation of species for trade Keywords: or high similarity between congeneric species. In this context, the shark group belonging to the genus Squatina is Conservation composed of three species distributed in the southern part of the western Atlantic. These three species are Endangered species classified in the IUCN Red List as endangered, and they are currently protected under Brazilian law, which Fishing monitoring prohibits fishing and trade. Molecular genetic tools are now used for practical taxonomic identification, parti- Forensic genetics cularly in cases where morphological observation is prevented, e.g., during fish processing. Consequently, DNA fi Mislabeling identi cation barcoding was used in the present study to track potential crimes against the landing and trade of endangered species along the São Paulo coastline, in particular Squatina guggenheim (n = 75) and S. -
Monitoring Elasmobranch Assemblages in a Data-Poor Country from the Eastern Tropical Pacific Using Baited Remote Underwater Vide
www.nature.com/scientificreports OPEN Monitoring elasmobranch assemblages in a data‑poor country from the Eastern Tropical Pacifc using baited remote underwater video stations Mario Espinoza1,2,3*, Tatiana Araya‑Arce1,2, Isaac Chaves‑Zamora1,2,4, Isaac Chinchilla5 & Marta Cambra1,2 Understanding how threatened species are distributed in space and time can have direct applications to conservation planning. However, implementing standardized methods to monitor populations of wide‑ranging species is often expensive and challenging. In this study, we used baited remote underwater video stations (BRUVS) to quantify elasmobranch abundance and distribution patterns across a gradient of protection in the Pacifc waters of Costa Rica. Our BRUVS survey detected 29 species, which represents 54% of the entire elasmobranch diversity reported to date in shallow waters (< 60 m) of the Pacifc of Costa Rica. Our data demonstrated that elasmobranchs beneft from no‑take MPAs, yet large predators are relatively uncommon or absent from open‑fshing sites. We showed that BRUVS are capable of providing fast and reliable estimates of the distribution and abundance of data‑poor elasmobranch species over large spatial and temporal scales, and in doing so, they can provide critical information for detecting population‑level changes in response to multiple threats such as overfshing, habitat degradation and climate change. Moreover, given that 66% of the species detected are threatened, a well‑designed BRUVS survey may provide crucial population data for assessing the conservation status of elasmobranchs. These eforts led to the establishment of a national monitoring program focused on elasmobranchs and key marine megafauna that could guide monitoring eforts at a regional scale. -
© Iccat, 2007
A5 By-catch Species APPENDIX 5: BY-CATCH SPECIES A.5 By-catch species By-catch is the unintentional/incidental capture of non-target species during fishing operations. Different types of fisheries have different types and levels of by-catch, depending on the gear used, the time, area and depth fished, etc. Article IV of the Convention states: "the Commission shall be responsible for the study of the population of tuna and tuna-like fishes (the Scombriformes with the exception of Trichiuridae and Gempylidae and the genus Scomber) and such other species of fishes exploited in tuna fishing in the Convention area as are not under investigation by another international fishery organization". The following is a list of by-catch species recorded as being ever caught by any major tuna fishery in the Atlantic/Mediterranean. Note that the lists are qualitative and are not indicative of quantity or mortality. Thus, the presence of a species in the lists does not imply that it is caught in significant quantities, or that individuals that are caught necessarily die. Skates and rays Scientific names Common name Code LL GILL PS BB HARP TRAP OTHER Dasyatis centroura Roughtail stingray RDC X Dasyatis violacea Pelagic stingray PLS X X X X Manta birostris Manta ray RMB X X X Mobula hypostoma RMH X Mobula lucasana X Mobula mobular Devil ray RMM X X X X X Myliobatis aquila Common eagle ray MYL X X Pteuromylaeus bovinus Bull ray MPO X X Raja fullonica Shagreen ray RJF X Raja straeleni Spotted skate RFL X Rhinoptera spp Cownose ray X Torpedo nobiliana Torpedo -
Characterization of the Artisanal Elasmobranch Fisheries Off The
3 National Marine Fisheries Service Fishery Bulletin First U.S. Commissioner established in 1881 of Fisheries and founder NOAA of Fishery Bulletin Abstract—The landings of the artis- Characterization of the artisanal elasmobranch anal elasmobranch fisheries of 3 com- munities located along the Pacific coast fisheries off the Pacific coast of Guatemala of Guatemala from May 2017 through March 2020 were evaluated. Twenty- Cristopher G. Avalos Castillo (contact author)1,2 one elasmobranch species were iden- 3,4 tified in this study. Bottom longlines Omar Santana Morales used for multispecific fishing captured ray species and represented 59% of Email address for contact author: [email protected] the fishing effort. Gill nets captured small shark species and represented 1 Fundación Mundo Azul 3 Facultad de Ciencias Marinas 41% of the fishing effort. The most fre- Carretera a Villa Canales Universidad Autónoma de Baja California quently caught species were the longtail km 21-22 Finca Moran Carretera Ensenada-Tijuana 3917 stingray (Hypanus longus), scalloped 01069 Villa Canales, Guatemala Fraccionamiento Playitas hammerhead (Sphyrna lewini), and 2 22860 Ensenada, Baja California, Mexico Pacific sharpnose shark (Rhizopriono- Centro de Estudios del Mar y Acuicultura 4 don longurio), accounting for 47.88%, Universidad de San Carlos de Guatemala ECOCIMATI A.C. 33.26%, and 7.97% of landings during Ciudad Universitaria Zona 12 Avenida del Puerto 2270 the monitoring period, respectively. Edificio M14 Colonia Hidalgo The landings were mainly neonates 01012 Guatemala City, Guatemala 22880 Ensenada, Baja California, Mexico and juveniles. Our findings indicate the presence of nursery areas on the continental shelf off Guatemala. -
Identification Guide to the Deep-Sea Cartilaginous Fishes Of
Identification guide to the deep–sea cartilaginous fishes of the Southeastern Atlantic Ocean FAO. 2015. Identification guide to the deep–sea cartilaginous fishes of the Southeastern Atlantic Ocean. FishFinder Programme, by Ebert, D.A. and Mostarda, E., Rome, Italy. Supervision: Merete Tandstad, Jessica Sanders (FAO, Rome) Technical editor: Edoardo Mostarda (FAO, Rome) Colour illustrations, cover and graphic design: Emanuela D’Antoni (FAO, Rome) This guide was prepared under the “FAO Deep–sea Fisheries Programme” thanks to a generous funding from the Government of Norway (Support to the implementation of the International Guidelines on the Management of Deep-Sea Fisheries in the High Seas project) for the purpose of assisting states, institutions, the fishing industry and RFMO/As in the implementation of FAO International Guidelines for the Management of Deep-sea Fisheries in the High Seas. It was developed in close collaboration with the FishFinder Programme of the Marine and Inland Fisheries Branch, Fisheries Department, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO). The present guide covers the deep–sea Southeastern Atlantic Ocean and that portion of Southwestern Indian Ocean from 18°42’E to 30°00’E (FAO Fishing Area 47). It includes a selection of cartilaginous fish species of major, moderate and minor importance to fisheries as well as those of doubtful or potential use to fisheries. It also covers those little known species that may be of research, educational, and ecological importance. In this region, the deep–sea chondrichthyan fauna is currently represented by 50 shark, 20 batoid and 8 chimaera species. This guide includes full species accounts for 37 shark, 9 batoid and 4 chimaera species selected as being the more difficult to identify and/or commonly caught. -
Wk Shark Advice Adhshark
ICES Special Request Advice Ecoregions in the Northeast Atlantic and adjacent seas Published 25 September 2020 NEAFC and OSPAR joint request on the status and distribution of deep-water elasmobranchs Advice summary In response to a joint request from NEAFC and OSPAR, ICES reviewed existing information on deep-water sharks, skates and rays from surveys and the literature. Distribution maps were generated for 21 species, showing the location of catches from available survey data on deep-water sharks and elasmobranchs in the NEAFC and OSPAR areas of the Northeast Atlantic. Shapefiles of the species distribution areas are available as supporting documentation to this work. This advice sheet presents a summary of ICES advice on the stock status of species for which an assessment is available, as well as current knowledge on the stock status of species for which ICES does not provide advice. An overview of approaches which may be applied to mitigate bycatch and to improve stock status is also presented. ICES recognizes that, despite their limitations, prohibition, gear and depth limitations, and TAC are mechanisms currently available to managers to regulate outtake; therefore, ICES advises that these mechanisms should be maintained. Furthermore, ICES advises that additional measures, such as electromagnetic exclusion devices, acoustic or light-based deterrents, and spatio-temporal management could be explored. Request NEAFC and OSPAR requested ICES to produce: a. Maps and shapefiles of the distribution of the species, identifying, if possible, key areas used during particular periods/stages of the species’ lifecycle in terms of distribution and relative abundance of the species, and expert interpretation of the data products; b. -
Integrating Multiple Chemical Tracers to Elucidate the Diet and Habitat of Cookiecutter Sharks Aaron B
www.nature.com/scientificreports OPEN Integrating multiple chemical tracers to elucidate the diet and habitat of Cookiecutter Sharks Aaron B. Carlisle1*, Elizabeth Andruszkiewicz Allan2,9, Sora L. Kim3, Lauren Meyer4,5, Jesse Port6, Stephen Scherrer7 & John O’Sullivan8 The Cookiecutter shark (Isistius brasiliensis) is an ectoparasitic, mesopelagic shark that is known for removing plugs of tissue from larger prey, including teleosts, chondrichthyans, cephalopods, and marine mammals. Although this species is widely distributed throughout the world’s tropical and subtropical oceanic waters, like many deep-water species, it remains very poorly understood due to its mesopelagic distribution. We used a suite of biochemical tracers, including stable isotope analysis (SIA), fatty acid analysis (FAA), and environmental DNA (eDNA), to investigate the trophic ecology of this species in the Central Pacifc around Hawaii. We found that large epipelagic prey constituted a relatively minor part of the overall diet. Surprisingly, small micronektonic and forage species (meso- and epipelagic) are the most important prey group for Cookiecutter sharks across the studied size range (17–43 cm total length), with larger mesopelagic species or species that exhibit diel vertical migration also being important prey. These results were consistent across all the tracer techniques employed. Our results indicate that Cookiecutter sharks play a unique role in pelagic food webs, feeding on prey ranging from the largest apex predators to small, low trophic level species, in particular those that overlap with the depth distribution of the sharks throughout the diel cycle. We also found evidence of a potential shift in diet and/or habitat with size and season. -
FAMILY Callorhinchidae - Plownose Chimaeras Notes: Callorhynchidae Garman, 1901:77 [Ref
FAMILY Callorhinchidae - plownose chimaeras Notes: Callorhynchidae Garman, 1901:77 [ref. 1541] (family) Callorhinchus [as Callorhynchus, name must be corrected Article 32.5.3; corrected to Callorhinchidae by Goodrich 1909:176 [ref. 32502], confirmed by Nelson 2006:45 [ref. 32486]] GENUS Callorhinchus Lacepède, 1798 - elephantfishes [=Callorhinchus Lacepède [B. G. E.] (ex Gronow), 1798:400, Callorhyncus Fleming [J.], 1822:380, Callorynchus Cuvier [G.] (ex Gronow), 1816:140] Notes: [ref. 2708]. Masc. Chimaera callorynchus Linnaeus, 1758. Type by monotypy. Subsequently described from excellent description by Gronow as Callorhynchus (Cuvier 1829:382) and Callorhincus (Duméril 1806:104); unjustifiably emended (from Gronow 1754) by Agassiz 1846:60 [ref. 64] to Callirhynchus. •Valid as Callorhinchus Lacepède, 1798 -- (Nakamura et al. 1986:58 [ref. 14235], Compagno 1986:147 [5648], Paxton et al. 1989:98 [ref. 12442], Gomon et al. 1994:190 [ref. 22532] as Callorhynchus, Didier 1995:14 [ref. 22713], Paxton et al. 2006:50 [ref. 28994], Gomon 2008:147 [ref. 30616], Di Dario et al. 2011:546 [ref. 31478]). Current status: Valid as Callorhinchus Lacepède, 1798. Callorhinchidae. (Callorhyncus) [ref. 5063]. Masc. Callorhyncus antarcticus Fleming (not of Lay & Bennett 1839), 1822. Type by monotypy. Perhaps best considered an unjustified emendation of Callorhincus Lacepède; virtually no distinguishing features presented, and none for species independent of that for genus. •Synonym of Callorhinchus Lacepède, 1798. Current status: Synonym of Callorhinchus Lacepède, 1798. Callorhinchidae. (Callorynchus) [ref. 993]. Masc. Chimaera callorhynchus Linnaeus, 1758. Type by monotypy. The one included species given as "La Chimère antarctique (Chimaera callorynchus L)." •Synonym of Callorhinchus Lacepède, 1798; both being based on Gronow 1754 (pre-Linnaean). Current status: Synonym of Callorhinchus Lacepède, 1798. -
Elasmobranch Biodiversity, Conservation and Management Proceedings of the International Seminar and Workshop, Sabah, Malaysia, July 1997
The IUCN Species Survival Commission Elasmobranch Biodiversity, Conservation and Management Proceedings of the International Seminar and Workshop, Sabah, Malaysia, July 1997 Edited by Sarah L. Fowler, Tim M. Reed and Frances A. Dipper Occasional Paper of the IUCN Species Survival Commission No. 25 IUCN The World Conservation Union Donors to the SSC Conservation Communications Programme and Elasmobranch Biodiversity, Conservation and Management: Proceedings of the International Seminar and Workshop, Sabah, Malaysia, July 1997 The IUCN/Species Survival Commission is committed to communicate important species conservation information to natural resource managers, decision-makers and others whose actions affect the conservation of biodiversity. The SSC's Action Plans, Occasional Papers, newsletter Species and other publications are supported by a wide variety of generous donors including: The Sultanate of Oman established the Peter Scott IUCN/SSC Action Plan Fund in 1990. The Fund supports Action Plan development and implementation. To date, more than 80 grants have been made from the Fund to SSC Specialist Groups. The SSC is grateful to the Sultanate of Oman for its confidence in and support for species conservation worldwide. The Council of Agriculture (COA), Taiwan has awarded major grants to the SSC's Wildlife Trade Programme and Conservation Communications Programme. This support has enabled SSC to continue its valuable technical advisory service to the Parties to CITES as well as to the larger global conservation community. Among other responsibilities, the COA is in charge of matters concerning the designation and management of nature reserves, conservation of wildlife and their habitats, conservation of natural landscapes, coordination of law enforcement efforts as well as promotion of conservation education, research and international cooperation. -
AC19 Doc. 18.1
AC19 Doc. 18.1 CONVENTION ON INTERNATIONAL TRADE IN ENDANGERED SPECIES OF WILD FAUNA AND FLORA ___________________ Nineteenth meeting of the Animals Committee Geneva (Switzerland), 18-21 August 2003 Biological and Trade Status of Sharks PROGRESS MADE BY THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA IN DEVELOPING AND IMPLEMENTING THE IPOA-SHARKS 1. This document has been prepared by the United States of America. 2. At the 12th meeting of the Conference of the Parties (CoP12) in November 2002, Parties adopted Decision 12.49 as follows: The Secretariat shall encourage CITES authorities of Parties to obtain information on IPOA-Sharks implementation from their national fisheries departments and report on progress at future meetings of the Animals Committee. 3. Accordingly, the Scientific Authority of the United States of America contacted the United States National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS) for updated information on the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) International Plan of Action for the Conservation and Management of Sharks (IPOA-Sharks). Attached is the most recent NMFS report to our legislature on this subject. It details the progress made by the United States of America in developing and implementing the IPOA-Sharks. This report was also submitted to FAO as an official United States update on the matter. AC19 Doc. 18.1 – p. 1 AC19 Doc. 18.1 Annex (English only/ Seulement en anglais / Únicamente en inglés) Report to Congress Pursuant to the Shark Finning Prohibition Act of 2000 (Public Law 106-557) Prepared by the National Marine Fisheries Service December 2002 AC19 Doc. 18.1 – p. 2 Table of Contents 1. Introduction 1.1 Management Authority in the United States 1.2 Current Management of Sharks in the Atlantic Ocean 1.3 Current Management of Sharks in the Pacific Ocean 1.4 U.S. -
Downloaded from the CCAMLR Website at the CCAMLR Scheme of International Scientific Observation Webpage (
Scheme of International Scientific Observation Scientific Observer’s Manual Finfish Fisheries Version 2020 Address 181 Macquarie Street, Hobart, Tasmania 7000, Australia Web www.ccamlr.org Telephone +61 3 6210 1110 Post PO Box 213, North Hobart, Tasmania 7002, Australia Email [email protected] Fax +61 3 6224 8744 This manual is produced in the official languages of the Commission (English, French, Russian and Spanish) and may be downloaded from the CCAMLR website at the CCAMLR Scheme of International Scientific Observation webpage (www.ccamlr.org/node/73033). Version Release date Observer forms covered Description 2011 01/12/2010 2011 – 2015 Longline Original 2011 – 2015 Finfish Trawl 2011 – 2015 Krill Trawl 2019 Draft 01/10/2018 2019 Longline Draft version presented at 2019 Finfish Trawl WG-FSA-18 for review by 2019 Krill Trawl Members 2020 For release: 2020 Longline Presented to WG-EMM-2019 for 01/09/2019 2019 Finfish Trawl endorsement 2 Table of Contents 1. Introduction 5 2. SISO observer roles and responsibilities 5 3. Definition of terms 6 4. CCAMLR regulations 7 5. General operational procedures 8 6. Units and formats 9 7. Standard measurements 9 7.1 Fish 9 7.2 Skates and rays 10 8. Weights 11 9. Sexing and maturity stages 11 9.1 Toothfish 11 9.2 Skates and rays 14 10. Otolith collection and storage 15 10.1 Removing otoliths 15 10.2 Otolith storage 18 11. Conversion factor tests – finfish fisheries 18 12. Target Species Identification Guide 19 12.1 Toothfish 19 12.2 Patagonian toothfish 19 12.3 Antarctic Toothfish 20 12.4 Toothfish species differences 20 12.5 Mackerel icefish 22 13. -
Parasites of Loligo Gahi from Waters Off the Falkland Islands, with a Phylogenetically Based Identification of Their Cestode Larvae
Color profile: Disabled Composite Default screen 2289 Parasites of Loligo gahi from waters off the Falkland Islands, with a phylogenetically based identification of their cestode larvae Paul Brickle, Peter D. Olson, D. Timothy J. Littlewood, Antony Bishop, and Alexander I. Arkhipkin Abstract: One thousand and ninety-six longfin Patagonian squid, Loligo gahi, were collected from waters off the Falkland Islands over a period of 1 year and 4 months and examined for helminths. Cestode and Anisakis sp. (Nematoda) larvae were present throughout the study, but occurred at low rates. The pooled data showed prevalences of 5.75 and 2.46%, respectively. An adult digenean, Derogenes varicus, was found in a single instance and was thus con- sidered an accidental infection. Parasite parameters were not significantly correlated with either host sex or seasonality. Stomach contents of the squid revealed a highly varied diet, although krill, amphipods, and chaetognaths were the dominant prey items. To aid in the identification of the cestode larvae, a subsample of 14 plerocercoids was character- ized for the D2 variable region of the nuclear lsrDNA gene and compared with both published cestode lsrDNA se- quences as well as that of six additional adult tetraphyllidean cestode species sequenced herein. Direct sequence comparison showed that 12 of the 14 plerocercoids were identical with each other and differed by a single transition (of a total of 658 base pairs) from the tetraphyllidean Clistobothrium montaukensis, and another plerocercoid differed by two transitions from the trypanorhynch Grillotia erinaceus. The remaining pleroceroid sequence was identified through phylogenetic analysis as being closer to the tetraphyllidean Ceratobothrium xanthocephalum than to any other taxon analyzed, but may not be congeneric, given its relatively high degree of divergence from C.