Aspirin Sensitivity

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Leaders In Allergy & Asthma Care For Over 40 Years Aspirin Sensitivity • Aspirin and related compounds are often used for headache, pain, arthritis, or taken to lessen the chance of heart attack or stroke • Aspirin and any non‐steroidal anti‐ inflammatory drug can cause a serious reaction in patients sensitive to aspirin. These medications should be strictly avoided • Chemical name of aspirin is acetylsalicylic acid • Read Labels • Ask your doctor or pharmacist about medication ingredients • Substitute medications may be: acetaminophen [Tylenol], sodium salicylate, salsalate A partial list of medications containing aspirin or other non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs is listed below. Aspirin‐Containing Products: Products Containing Non‐Steroid Anti‐Inflammatory Drugs: Over‐The‐ Over‐The‐Counter* Counter* Alka‐Seltzer products Advil products Anacin products Aleve Arthropan Dimetapp Sinus Arthriten Dristan Sinus Ascriptin products Ibuprofen products Aspergum Midol Aspirin Motrin products Bayer aspirin products Nuprin Bufferin products Pamprin IB Doan’s Pepto Bismol Ecotrin products Empirin Excedrin products Vanquish Prescription Actron (ketoprofen) Feldene (piroxicam) Percodan (oxycodone) Aggrenox (dipyridamole) Fiorinol (butalbital) Propoxyphene Compound Relafen Amigesic, Argesic‐SA (salsalate) Indocin (indomethacin) (nabumeton) Anaprox (naproxen) Lodine (etodolac) Soma Compound Ansaid (flurbiprofen) Lortab ASA Talwin Compound Arthotec (diclofenac) Mobic (meloxicam) Tolectin (tolmetin) Axotal (butalbital) Motrin (ibuprofen) Toradol (ketorolac) Cataflam( diclofenac) Nalfon (fenoprofen) Trilisate (salicylate) Celebrex (celecoxib) Naprosyn (naproxen) Vicoprofen (ibuprofen/hydrocodone) Clinoril (sulindac) Norgesic (orphenadrine) Voltaren (diclofenac) Daypro (oxaprozin) Orudis (ketoprofen) Disalcid (salicylate) Pravadal, Pravigard Pac Dolobid (diflunisal) (pravastatin) Endodan (oxycodone) Equagesic (meprobamate) National Institutes of Health, Medline Plus – http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/druginfo/meds/a682878.html#brand‐names Reye’s syndrome Foundation – http://www.reyessyndrome.org/aspirinlists.html www.coloradoallergy.com | February 5, 2015 | ho017.05 Page 1 of 1 .

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Pharmacokinetics of Salicylic Acid Following Intravenous and Oral Administration of Sodium Salicylate in Sheep
animals Article Pharmacokinetics of Salicylic Acid Following Intravenous and Oral Administration of Sodium Salicylate in Sheep Shashwati Mathurkar 1,*, Preet Singh 2 ID , Kavitha Kongara 2 and Paul Chambers 2 1 1B, He Awa Crescent, Waikanae 5036, New Zealand 2 School of Veterinary Sciences, College of Sciences, Massey University, Palmerston North 4474, New Zealand; [email protected] (P.S.); [email protected] (K.K.); [email protected] (P.C.) * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +64-221-678-035 Received: 13 June 2018; Accepted: 16 July 2018; Published: 18 July 2018 Simple Summary: Scarcity of non-steroidal anti-inﬂammatory drugs (NSAID) to minimise the pain in sheep instigated the current study. The aim of this study was to know the pharmacokinetic parameters of salicylic acid in New Zealand sheep after administration of multiple intravenous and oral doses of sodium salicylate (sodium salt of salicylic acid). Results of the study suggest that the half-life of the drug was shorter and clearance was faster after intravenous administration as compared to that of the oral administration. The minimum effective concentration required to produce analgesia in humans (16.8 µL) was achieved in sheep for about 0.17 h in the current study after intravenous administration of 100 and 200 mg/kg body weight of sodium salicylate. However, oral administration of these doses failed to achieve the minimum effective concentration as mentioned above. This study is of signiﬁcance as it adds valuable information on pharmacokinetics and its variation due to breed, species, age, gender and environmental conditions.
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Sodium-Salicylate-European-Public-Mrl-Assessment-Report-Epmar-Committee-Veterinary
27 October 2010 EMA/CVMP/562066/2007 Veterinary Medicines and Product Data Management Committee for Medicinal Products for Veterinary Use European public MRL assessment report (EPMAR) Sodium salicylate (turkeys) On 12 October 2010 the European Commission adopted a Regulation1 establishing provisional maximum residue limits for sodium salicylate in turkeys, valid throughout the European Union. These provisional maximum residue limits were based on the favourable opinion and the assessment report adopted by the Committee for Medicinal Products for Veterinary Use. In turkeys, sodium salicylate is intended for use orally as an antipyretic in the treatment of acute respiratory diseases. Sodium salicylate was previously assessed for the purpose of establishing maximum residue limits and was entered in Annex II of Regulation (EEC) No 2377/902 (no MRL required) for topical use in all food producing species except fish and for oral use in bovine and porcine species. Chevita Tierarzneimittel GmbH submitted to the European Medicines Agency on 4 January 2007 an application for the extension of existing entry in Annex II of Regulation (EEC) No 2377/90 for sodium salicylates to turkeys. On 12 December 2007 the Committee for Medicinal Products for Veterinary Use adopted an opinion recommending the amendment of the entry in Annex II of Regulation (EEC) No 2377/90 to include sodium salicylate for oral use in turkeys. The European Commission subsequently returned the opinion to the Committee to consider whether its opinion should be reviewed to take into account issues raised during the Commission’s inter service consultation and in particular to consider whether establishment of maximum residue limits for sodium salicylate in turkeys should be established.
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Food and Drug Administration, HHS § 201.323
Food and Drug Administration, HHS § 201.323 liver damage or gastrointestinal bleed- calcium, choline salicylate, magnesium ing). OTC drug products containing in- salicylate, or sodium salicylate] or ternal analgesic/antipyretic active in- other pain relievers/fever reducers. [Ac- gredients may cause similar adverse ef- etaminophen and (insert one nonste- fects. FDA concludes that the labeling roidal anti-inflammatory analgesic/ of OTC drug products containing inter- antipyretic ingredient—including, but nal analgesic/antipyretic active ingre- not limited to aspirin, carbaspirin cal- dients should advise consumers with a cium, choline salicylate, magnesium history of heavy alcohol use to consult salicylate, or sodium salicylate] may a physician. Accordingly, any OTC cause liver damage and stomach bleed- drug product, labeled for adult use, ing.’’ containing any internal analgesic/anti- (b) Requirements to supplement ap- pyretic active ingredients (including, proved application. Holders of approved but not limited to, acetaminophen, as- applications for OTC drug products pirin, carbaspirin calcium, choline sa- that contain internal analgesic/anti- licylate, ibuprofen, ketoprofen, magne- pyretic active ingredients that are sub- sium salicylate, naproxen sodium, and ject to the requirements of paragraph sodium salicylate) alone or in combina- (a) of this section must submit supple- tion shall bear an alcohol warning ments under § 314.70(c) of this chapter statement in its labeling as follows: to include the required warning in the (1) Acetaminophen. ‘‘Alcohol Warn- product’s labeling. Such labeling may ing’’ [heading in boldface type]: ‘‘If you be put into use without advance ap- consume 3 or more alcoholic drinks proval of FDA provided it includes the every day, ask your doctor whether exact information included in para- you should take acetaminophen or graph (a) of this section.
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Colonoscopy Instructions
Colonoscopy Checklist Five days before your colonoscopy: Stop any medications that thin the blood (see list below) Discuss the discontinuation of these medications with your primary care physician to ensure that it is safe to stop them Three days before your colonoscopy: Stop eating high fiber foods including nuts, corn, popcorn, raw fruits, vegetables, and bran Stop fiber supplements The day before your colonoscopy: Have a normal breakfast If your colonoscopy is scheduled before noon the following day, do not have any lunch If your colonoscopy is scheduled after noon, have a light lunch Have clear liquids for the rest of the day (see below) Start prep as instructed by your physician Do not have anything to eat or drink after midnight The day of your colonoscopy: Take your blood pressure medications with a sip of water Make sure you bring your driver’s license or photo ID and leave valuables and jewelry at home Clear Liquid Diet Water Any kind of soft drink (ginger ale, cola, tonic, etc) Gatorade Apple Juice Orange Juice without pulp Lemonade Tea/Coffee (without milk) Dietary supplements (Ensure, Boost, Enlive, etc) Clear broth (vegetable, chicken, or beef) Jell‐O (stay away from red, blue, or purple colors) Ice pops without milk or fruit bits Honey or sugar NO DAIRY PRODUCTS Medications to stop prior to colonoscopy Below is a list of many medications (but not all) that fall into these categories. It is important to remember that there are hundreds of over‐the‐counter medications that contain NSAIDs or aspirin, so it is important to carefully read the label of any medication that you are taking (prescription or over‐the‐counter).
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Salicylate, Diflunisal and Their Metabolites Inhibit CBP/P300 and Exhibit Anticancer Activity
RESEARCH ARTICLE Salicylate, diflunisal and their metabolites inhibit CBP/p300 and exhibit anticancer activity Kotaro Shirakawa1,2,3,4, Lan Wang5,6, Na Man5,6, Jasna Maksimoska7,8, Alexander W Sorum9, Hyung W Lim1,2, Intelly S Lee1,2, Tadahiro Shimazu1,2, John C Newman1,2, Sebastian Schro¨ der1,2, Melanie Ott1,2, Ronen Marmorstein7,8, Jordan Meier9, Stephen Nimer5,6, Eric Verdin1,2* 1Gladstone Institutes, University of California, San Francisco, United States; 2Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, United States; 3Department of Hematology and Oncology, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan; 4Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan; 5University of Miami, Gables, United States; 6Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, Miami, United States; 7Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, United States; 8Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, Philadelphia, United States; 9Chemical Biology Laboratory, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, United States Abstract Salicylate and acetylsalicylic acid are potent and widely used anti-inflammatory drugs. They are thought to exert their therapeutic effects through multiple mechanisms, including the inhibition of cyclo-oxygenases, modulation of NF-kB activity, and direct activation of AMPK. However, the full spectrum of their activities is incompletely understood. Here we show that salicylate specifically inhibits CBP and p300 lysine acetyltransferase activity in vitro by direct *For correspondence: everdin@ competition with acetyl-Coenzyme A at the catalytic site. We used a chemical structure-similarity gladstone.ucsf.edu search to identify another anti-inflammatory drug, diflunisal, that inhibits p300 more potently than salicylate. At concentrations attainable in human plasma after oral administration, both salicylate Competing interests: The and diflunisal blocked the acetylation of lysine residues on histone and non-histone proteins in cells.
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Flufenamic Acid Prevents Behavioral Manifestations of Salicylate-Induced Tinnitus in the Rat
Experimental research Flufenamic acid prevents behavioral manifestations of salicylate-induced tinnitus in the rat Ramazan Bal1, Yasemin Ustundag2, Funda Bulut3, Caner Feyzi Demir4, Ali Bal5 1Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Gaziantep University, Gaziantep, Corresponding author: Turkey Prof. Dr. Ramazan Bal 2Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Veterinary, Firat University, Elazig, Turkey Department of Physiology 3Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Kirikkale University, Kirikkale, Faculty of Medicine Turkey Gaziantep University 4Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Firat University, Elazig, Turkey 27310 Gaziantep, Turkey 5Department of Plastic-Reconstructive and Esthetic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Phone: +90 342 Firat University, Elazig, Turkey 3606060/77732 Fax: +90 342 360 16 17 Submitted: 7 March 2014 E-mail: [email protected], Accepted: 21 May 2014 [email protected] Arch Med Sci 2016; 12, 1: 208–215 DOI: 10.5114/aoms.2016.57597 Copyright © 2016 Termedia & Banach Abstract Introduction: Tinnitus is defined as a phantom auditory sensation, the per- ception of sound in the absence of external acoustic stimulation. Given that flufenamic acid (FFA) blocks TRPM2 cation channels, resulting in reduced neuronal excitability, we aimed to investigate whether FFA suppresses the behavioral manifestation of sodium salicylate (SSA)-induced tinnitus in rats. Material and methods: Tinnitus was evaluated using a conditioned lick sup- pression model of behavioral testing. Thirty-one Wistar rats, randomly di- vided into four treatment groups, were trained and tested in the behavioral experiment: (1) control group: DMSO + saline (n = 6), (2) SSA group: DMSO + SSA (n = 6), (3) FFA group: FFA (66 mg/kg bw) + saline (n = 9), (4) FFA + SSA group: FFA (66 mg/kg bw) + SSA (400 mg/kg bw) (n = 10).
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A Comparison of an Effect of Different Anti-Inflammatory Drugs on Human Platelets
J. clin. Path., 1970, 23, 522-525 J Clin Pathol: first published as 10.1136/jcp.23.6.522 on 1 September 1970. Downloaded from A comparison of an effect of different anti-inflammatory drugs on human platelets J. R. O'BRIEN, WENDY FINCH, AND ELIZABETH CLARK From the Portsmouth and Isle of Wight Area Pathological Service, Milton Road, Portsmouth SYNOPSIS Different doses of aspirin, indomethacin, paracetamol, benorylate, and sodium salicylate were taken by four volunteers. The minimal dose that altered a platelet function test and the persistence of this alteration at different dose levels were studied. Minute doses of indomethacin (0 035 mg/kg) were effective but the effect of even a large single dose did not persist. A tenth of the therapeutic dose of aspirin (1 mg/kg) was effective, and higher doses altered the platelets' function for several days. Benorylate in a high therapeutic dose gave aspirin-like results. Paracetamol and sodium salicylate were relatively inactive. The persistencecopyright. of the aspirin effect may be related to the acetyl group. These findings are surveyed in relation to a general theory of the action of anti-inflammatory drugs. http://jcp.bmj.com/ In 1963, Adams and Cobb reported that the Method erythema produced by rubbing thurfyl nicotinate onto human skin was inhibited by the prior Four people aged 35-55 years, one man and three ingestion of aspirin, and furthermore the effect women, were selected because they were available persisted for days, yet a measurable level of and because they were known to have had no aspirin in the blood was demonstrable for only previously observed periods of spontaneous lack about two hours.
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Objective Salicylate Propionic Acid Derivatives Acetic Acid
Semester-IV Sub Name-medicinal chemistry-I (sub code-BP-402T) Objective Sodium salicylate, Aspirin, Mefenamic acid*, Meclofenamate, Indomethacin, Sulindac, Tolmetin, Zomepriac, Diclofenac, Ketorolac, Ibuprofen*, Naproxen, Piroxicam, Phenacetin, Acetaminophen, Antipyrine, Phenylbutazone. 1. INTRODUCTION A drug or substance that reduces inflammation (redness, swelling, and pain) in the body. Anti- inflammatory agents block certain substances in the body that cause inflammation. They are used to treat many different conditions. Some anti-inflammatory agents are being studied in the prevention and treatment of cancer. 1.1 CLASSIFICATION NSAIDs can be classified based on their chemical structure or mechanism of action. Older NSAIDs were known long before their mechanism of action was elucidated and were for this reason classified by chemical structure or origin. Newer substances are more often classified by mechanism of action. Salicylate • Aspirin (acetylsalicylic acid) • Diflunisal (Dolobid) • Salicylic acid and its salts Propionic acid derivatives • Ibuprofen • Dexibuprofen • Naproxen • Fenoprofen • Ketoprofen • Dexketoprofen Acetic acid derivatives • Indomethacin • Tolmetin • Sulindac • Ketorolac • Diclofenac • Aceclofenac • Nabumetone (drug itself is non-acidic but the active, principal metabolite has a carboxylic acid group) Enolic acid (oxicam) derivatives • Piroxicam • Meloxicam • Tenoxicam • Droxicam • Lornoxicam • Isoxicam (withdrawn from market 1985) • Phenylbutazone Anthranilic acid derivatives (fenamates) The following NSAIDs are
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(Aspirin) in Rheumatoid Arthritis
Br. J. clin. Pharmac. (1989), 27, 607-611 Comparative analgesic and anti-inflammatory properties of sodium salicylate and acetylsalicylic acid (aspirin) in rheumatoid arthritis SALLY J. PRESTON, M. H. ARNOLD, ELAINE M. BELLER, P. M. BROOKS & W. WATSON BUCHANAN Florance and Cope Professorial Department of Rheumatology and Sutton Rheumatism Research Laboratory, Department of Rheumatology, University of Sydney, Royal North Shore Hospital, St Leonards 2065, New South Wales, Australia 1 Enteric coated sodium salicylate 4.8 g daily was compared with the same dose of enteric coated aspirin in 18 patients with rheumatoid arthritis. 2 After an initial washout period lasting 3 days, patients were randomly allocated to treatment with sodium salicylate or aspirin. After 2 weeks the two treatments were crossed over. 3 Pain relief, reduction in articular index of joint tenderness, increase in grip strength, decrease in digital joint circumference and patients' assessment showed significant im- provement with both treatments compared with the washout period. No significant differ- ences were found between the two therapies. 4 No correlation was found in the degree of improvement in any of the clinical outcomes and the salicylate concentrations at steady state. Keywords aspirin sodium salicylate non-acetylated salicylates clinical trial rheumatoid arthritis 'Sodium salicylate does not appear to be as in particular sodium salicylate (Lasagna, 1960; potent as aspirin as an antipyretic or analgesic Levy, 1965; Calabro & Paulus, 1970; Champion . but has not been compared under con- et al., 1975). Sodium salicylate, however, has trolled conditions to aspirin in the management been shown in clinical therapeutic trials in of inflammatory disorders' rheumatoid arthritis to be as equally efficacious as other nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agents Stephen L.
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Non Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs
Non Steroidal Anti‐inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDs) 4 signs of inflammation • Redness ‐ due to local vessel dilatation • Heat ‐ due to local vessel dilatation • Swelling – due to influx of plasma proteins and phagocytic cells into the tissue spaces • Pain – due to local release of enzymes and increased tissue pressure NSAIDs • Cause relief of pain ‐. analgesic • Suppress the signs and symptoms of inflammation. • Exert antipyretic action. • Useful in pain related to inflammation. Esp for superficial/integumental pain . Classification of NSAIDs • Salicylates: aspirin, Sodium salicylate & diflunisal. • Propionic acid derivatives: ibuprofen, ketoprofen, naproxen. • Aryl acetic acid derivatives: diclofenac, ketorolac • Indole derivatives: indomethacin, sulindac • Alkanones: Nabumetone. • Oxicams: piroxicam, tenoxicam Classification of NSAIDs ….. • Anthranilic acid derivatives (fenamates): mefenamic acid and flufenamic acid. • Pyrazolone derivatives: phenylbutazone, oxyphenbutazone, azapropazone (apazone) & dipyrone (novalgine). • Aniline derivatives (analgesic only): paracetamol. Clinical Classif. • Non selective Irreversible COX inhibitors • Non slective Reversible COX inhibitors • Preferential COX 2 inhibitors • 10‐20 fold cox 2 selective • meloxicam, etodolac, nabumetone • Selective COX 2 inhibitors • > 50 fold COX ‐2 selective • Celecoxib, Etoricoxib, Rofecoxib, Valdecoxib • COX 3 Inhibitor? PCM Cyclooxygenase‐1 (COX‐1): -constitutively expressed in wide variety of cells all over the body. -"housekeeping enzyme" -ex. gastric cytoprotection, hemostasis Cyclooxygenase‐2 (COX‐2): -inducible enzyme -dramatically up-regulated during inflammation (10-18X) -constitutive : maintains renal blood flow and renal electrolyte homeostasis Salicylates Acetyl salicylic acid (aspirin). Kinetics: • Well absorbed from the stomach, more from upper small intestine. • Distributed all over the body, 50‐80% bound to plasma protein (albumin). • Metabolized to acetic acid and salicylates (active metabolite). • Salicylate is conjugated with glucuronic acid and glycine. • Excreted by the kidney.
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Synthesis of Some Aiæides of Gentisio Aoid Dissertation
SYNTHESIS OF SOME AIÆIDES OF GENTISIO AOID DISSERTATION Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate School of The Ohio State University By ALLEN I. DHŒS, B. S., M. Sc, ****** The Ohio State Uhiversity 1958 Approved by: Department of Pharmaoy ACKNOV/LEDaMTS I wish to acknowledge the generous advice and assistance rendered by Dr. Frank V/. Bope, Associate Professor of Pharmacy, in the development of this dissertation. To the American Foundation for Pharmaceutical Education, I wish to express my gratitude for extending to me financial assistance in the form of a Fellowship— without this assistance it would not have been possible for me to complete my graduate studies. To the members of the faculty of the College of Pharmacy of The Ohio State University, I wish to express my sincere appreciation for their guidance throughout my graduate studies, I also wish to eatress my sincere thanks and grate ful appreciation to all others who have assisted me in any way. As a final note, I would like to thank my wife, Charlotte, for her wonderful moral support during the com pletion of my graduate studies; for behind every man there is his wife. ii TABLE OF CONTENTS Page INTRODUCTION .......... 1 DISCUSSION OF LITERATURE General ........................ 3 Some New Gentisio Aoid Derivatives 15 Preparation of Amides .......... 16 GENERAL PROCEDURES 21 EXPERIMENTAL 23 Preparation of 2,5- Dimethoiybenzoio Acid . , 23 Preparation of 2,5- Dimethoxybenzoyl Chloride 26 Classification of N- Substituted Amides Prepared 27 Monosubstituted Amides of 2,5- Dimethoxybenzoio A o i d ........................................ 29 Alkyl .....................................
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Effect of Salicylates on Histamine and L-Histidine Metabolism. Inhibition of Imidazoleacetate Phosphoribosyl Transferase
Effect of salicylates on histamine and L-histidine metabolism. Inhibition of imidazoleacetate phosphoribosyl transferase. J Moss, … , M Vaughan, M A Beaven J Clin Invest. 1976;58(1):137-141. https://doi.org/10.1172/JCI108442. Research Article In man and other animals, urinary excretion of the histidine and histamine metabolite, imidazoleacetate, is increased and that of its conjugated metabolite, ribosylimidazoleacetate, decreased by salicylates. Imidazoleacetate has been reported to produce analgesia and narcosis. Its accumulation as a result of transferase inhibition could play a part in the therapeutic effects of salicylates. To determine the locus of salicylate action, we have investigated the effect of anti- inflammatory drugs on imidazoleacetate phosphoribosyl transferase, the enzyme that catalyzes the ATP-dependent conjugation of imidazoleacetate with phosphoribosylpyrophosphate. As little as 0.2 mM aspirin produced 50% inhibition of the rat liver transferase. In vivo, a 30% decrease in the urinary excretion of ribosylimidazoleacetate has been observed with plasma salicylate concentrations of 0.4 mM. The enzyme was also inhibited by sodium salicylate but not by salicylamide, sodium gentisate, aminopyrine, phenacetin, phenylbutazone, or indomethacin. The last four drugs have been shown previously not to alter the excretion of ribosylimidazoleacetate when administered in vivo. Since both the drug specificity and inhibitory concentrations are similar in vivo and in vitro, it seems probable that the effect of salicylates on imidazoleacetate conjugation results from inhibition of imidazoleacetate phosphoribosyl transferase. Find the latest version: https://jci.me/108442/pdf Effect of Salicylates on Histamine and L-Histidine Metabolism INHIBITION OF IMIDAZOLEACETATE PHOSPHORIBOSYL TRANSFERASE JOEL MOSS, MARIA C. DE MELLO, MARTHA VAUGHAN, and MICHAEL A.
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