Using Site-Specific Art As an Alternative for Interpreting Port Hudson State Historic Park, Louisiana
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Louisiana State University LSU Digital Commons LSU Master's Theses Graduate School 2005 Using site-specific ra t as an alternative for interpreting Port Hudson State Historic Park, Louisiana Yi-Chia Chen Louisiana State University and Agricultural and Mechanical College Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/gradschool_theses Part of the Landscape Architecture Commons Recommended Citation Chen, Yi-Chia, "Using site-specific ra t as an alternative for interpreting Port Hudson State Historic Park, Louisiana" (2005). LSU Master's Theses. 798. https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/gradschool_theses/798 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate School at LSU Digital Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in LSU Master's Theses by an authorized graduate school editor of LSU Digital Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. USING SITE-SPECIFIC ART AS AN ALTERNATIVE FOR INTERPRETING PORT HUDSON STATE HISTORIC PARK, LOUISIANA A Thesis Submitted to the Graduate Faculty of the Louisiana State University and Agricultural and Mechanical College in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Landscape Architecture in The School of Landscape Architecture By Yi-Chia Chen B.Arch., Chung-Hua University, 1998 August 2005 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS Upon the completion of this thesis, I would like to express my gratitude to three groups of people. Those in the first group gave me direct help in conducting this study. People in the second group enlightened me with ideas on the issues covered in this thesis. Those in the third group are people from my home country—Taiwan—who constantly encouraged me over the years. Without the support of persons from all these groups, this thesis would by no means have come into being. I thank my chair professor Kevin J. Risk, who never hesitated to share his unique insights into historic preservation with me and give me advice through the thorough review of my thesis drafts. To the members of my thesis committee, Professor Bruce G. Sharky, who helped me to come up with the conceptual framework of this thesis through his familiarity with and fondness for art, and Professor Max Z. Conrad, who demonstrated to me the possibility of securing the meaning of place through landscape design by making it possible for me to witness various landscape design projects during his numerous field trips in the world, I would never spare my appreciation. I would also like to extend my gratitude to Professor Suzanne Tuner, who rescued me from the dark forest of the complexity of the current preservation methods. To the staffs in the Louisiana Office of State Parks and at the Port Hudson Sate Historic Site, I extend thanks for providing me information about the Site. My personal editor, Mr. Leonard Martin, and Dr. Joe Abraham in the LSU Writing Center, deserve special thanks for the invaluable help they gave me in the process of writing. Concerning the second group of people, first, to Dr. Masafumi Shimada, who informed me of the methods of historic preservation in Japan, I owe deep debts for his ii generosity and friendship. To Dr. Miles Richardson, who guided me into the theories of place and culture, for his great wisdom and humanitarian inspiration, I, as his apprentice, cannot fully express the extent of my gratitude. The last thanks to a person in this group goes to Mr. Brian J. McBride, my friend and brother in America. Without his camaraderie, I would have been defeated by my own weaknesses before I could have completed this thesis. I would like to shout my thankful words out loud to let them cross the Pacific Ocean to reach the people in the third group far away in Taiwan. To Mr. Chiaojung C. Yang, Dr. Rui-Zong Li, and Mr. Tzuwen J. Wang, I offer my sincerest appreciation for your constant encouragement since my days as a baby in the profession of landscape architecture. Special thank go to Ms. Yi-Jen Chen, without whom I would not have come to the United State for my advanced education at in the first place. Most importantly, to my parents, Mr. Che-San Chen and Li-Min Wang, and to my girlfriend, Yen-Wen Chiu, whose love, forgiveness and patience kept me together as I struggled to overcome unspeakable difficulties in the process of completing this thesis, I am deeply indebted. Finally, I would like to express my appreciation to you who are reading this thesis and share my aspiration to push the methods of historic preservation toward new ends. Without you, this thesis would be valueless. I hope you can find something in this work that you feel is useful for the development of your own ideas. iii TABLE OF CONTENTS ACKNOWLEDGMENTS……………………………………………………………...ii LIST OF TABLES…………………………………………………………….....……vii LIST OF FIGURES…………………………………………………………...….......viii ABSTRACT………………………………………………………………..………….xv CHAPTER 1. INTRODUCTION………………………………………………….......1 1.1 Problem Statement…………………………………………………………...4 1.2 Scope…………………………………………………………………………6 1.3 Objectives…………………………………………………………………….8 1.4 Methodology…………………………………………………………………9 1.5 End Notes…………………………………………………………………...10 CHAPTER 2. CRITIQUE OF FEDERAL PRESERVATION GUIDELINES FOR THE TREATMENTS OF CULTURAL LANDSCAPES AS APPLIED TO LANDSCAPE-DOMINATED SITES………………………………... 12 2.1 Preliminary Diagnosis of Federal Treatment Guidelines……………….…..13 2.2 The Structure of Standards for the Treatment……………………………… 15 2.3 Value of Comparing Treatments……………………………………………19 2.4 Comparison of the Four Treatments………………………………………...20 2.5 Comparison of Principles…………………………………………………...29 2.6 The Possibility of Applying Site-specific art……………………………….30 2.7 The Application of the Standards to the Port Hudson State Historic Site…..33 2.8 End Notes……………………………………………………………….......33 CHAPTER 3. THE POTENTIAL OF SITE-SPECIFIC ART FOR INTERPRETING A COMMEMORATIVE SITE………………………………………….. 35 3.1 Concepts of Site Specificity………………………………………………...38 3.1.1 Robert Smithson’s Non-Site as A Symbolic Absence……………41 3.1.2 The Minimalist Opinions in Favor of Site Specificity…………...47 3.2 Land Art as an Open Work………………………………………………….50 3.2.1 The American Avant-garde………………………………………50 3.2.2 The European School…………………………………………….60 3.3 Land Art and Landscape Architecture……………………………………....70 3.3.1 Inception of the Incorporation of Land Art into Landscape Architecture……………………………………………………… 71 3.3.2 The Reflexivity of the Vietnam Veterans Memorial……………..72 3.3.3 Directed Movement in the FDR Memorial Park………………… 79 3.4 An Experiential Journey in Recuperating the Absence……………………..87 3.5 End Notes…………………………………………………………………...90 iv CHAPTER 4. PORT HUDSON STATE HISTORIC SITE IN THE PAST, PRESENT AND FUTURE……………………………………………………….. 92 4.1 The Palimpsest of Port Hudson……………………………………………..93 4.1.1 The River Age (1699-1905)...……………………………………94 4.1.2 Civil War in Port Hudson (1863)……………………………….104 4.1.3 The Terra Age (1905-1982)…………………………………...110 4.1.4 The Commemorative Age (1982-present)………………………116 4.2 A Factory of Déjà Vu, An Identity of A Deep South Civil War Battlefield………………………………………………………………….118 4.2.1 Enchantment of the Reenactment………………………………119 4.2.2 The Demystification Journey…………………………………...120 4.2.3 The Facilities of the Site………………………………………..123 4.2.4 Current Program for Evoking Historical Déjà vu……………....139 4.2.5 Critique……………………………………………………….....145 4.3 The Application of Site-Specific Art into Port Hudson State Historic Site……………………………………………………………………….147 4.4 End Notes………………………………………………………………….155 CHAPTER 5. PROPOSED PLANS FOR ENHANCEMENT OF SIGNIFICANT SPOTS IN PORT HUDSON STATE HISTORIC SITE……………..157 5.1 Site Analysis and Design Vocabularies……………………………………157 5.1.1 Analysis of the Intensities of Park Use…………………………158 5.1.2 Analysis of the Open Space…………………………………….160 5.2 Selection of the Significant Historic Spots for Rehabilitation…….………166 5.3 The Artillery Ridge: The Point of Invasion………………………………168 5.3.1 The Entrance of Artillery Ridge: A Turbulent Landscape………171 5.3.2 The March Highway: the Logistical Section of Artillery Ridge………...………………………………………………….178 5.3.3 The Federal Gun Emplacements: The Trajectory-Overlook Dikes……………………………………………………………181 5.4 The Shape of Fort Desperate: The Smell of Earth……………………….188 5.5 The Heart of the Ravine: The New Port Hudson Peace Monument…………………………………………………………………204 5.6 Conclusion………………………………………………………………...206 5.7 End Notes………………………………………………………………….206 CHAPTER 6. CONCLUSIONS AND SUGGESTIONS FOR FURTHER RESEARCH………………………………………………………….209 SELECTED BIBLIOGRAPHY……………………………………………………212 APPENDIX A ANALYSIS OF THE STRUCTURES OF THE FOUR TREATMENTS…………………………………………………218 APPENDIX B ANALYSIS OF THE FOUR TREATMENTS……………….....226 v APPENDIX C THE PROCESS OF REDUCTION OF PRINCIPLES………....234 APPENDIX D THE PROCESS OF JUSTIFYING THE FOUR POSSIBILITIES.………………………………………………..237 APPENDIX E REALISTIC POSSIBILITIES OF APPLYING CONTEMPORARY ART STYLES UNDER FOUR TREATMENTS……….………………………………………...244 VITA…………………………………………………………………………………249 vi LIST OF TABLES Table Page 2.1. The Possibilities for Involvement of Contemporary Art under the Treatments.......………………………………………………………………...27 2.2. Justified Possibilities for Involvement of Contemporary Art…………………31 vii LIST OF FIGURES Figure Page 1.1. Halprin’s “Perfectly Placed Rocks”……………………….........………………3 2.1. Chart of the Structure of The Secretary of the Interior’s Standards for the Treatment of Historic Properties with Guidelines for the Treatment of Cultural Landscapes ……………………………………………………………………17 2.2. Conceptual Flow Chart of Standards for the Treatments……………………...18 2.3. Hadrian’s