Special Survey Reports on Selected Towns, Talcher, Part-XB, Series-16
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CENSUS OF INDIA, 1981 SERIES 16 ORISSA Part .. XB SPECIAL SURVEY REPORTS ON SELECTED TOWNS TALCHER S.K.SWAIN Deputy Director of Census Operations Orissa FOREWORD PART from the decennial enumeration of population, the Indian Census is Asteeped in the tradition of undertal·dng a variety of studies of topical interest. In fact, the publications brought out in connection with the earlier censuses contained veritable mines of informatior. on racial, cultural, linguistic and a number ot other aspects of life of the people of this country. With the advant offreedom, however, tt-Ie scope and dimension of these special studies had to be restructured in a manner Ulat would provide the basic feedbacks on the processes of development ta~<ing plac!O~ in different spheres of life of the people especially under planned development. Thus, in connection with the 196i Census, a massive programme was launched {nter-alia to conduct socio-economic survey of about 500 villages selected from different parts of the country. The main objective of this study was to know the way of life of the people living in Indian villages which accounted for 82 per cent of the total population as per the 1961 Census. There was, however, an imperative need to extend the area ofthe s,tudy to urban centres as welt, to provide a complete coverage ofthe people living in diverse socio-economic conditions. It was with this objective in view ancillary studies on towns were. launched as part of the social studies programme in connection with the 1971 Census. The programme of social studies taken up in connection with the 1971 Census, was continued without any major change at the 1981 Census as well. A study on traditional rural based handicrafts was, however, added as a new item under tt1e social study projects of the 1981 Census. For the conduct of urban study, 64 small and medium towns were seiected from different parts of the country following the criteria such as (a) size, (b) demographic features, (c) functional characteristics, (d) specific industry or occupation dominating the economy, (e) location, (f) concentration of different castes and communities, and (g) other social and cultural phenomenon like temple town, health resort etc. _ The research design, tools for data collection and formats for data tabulation and report writing required for urban studies were originally formulated by Dr. B.K. Roy Burman, the then Deputy Registrar General, Social Studies Division. His successor, Dr. N.G. Nag took considerable pains to revise all the formats to make them more comprehensive. Dr. K.P. Ittaman, the present Deputy Registrar General heading Social Studies Division, coordinated these studies at different levels as well as rendered necessary guidance to the Directorates of Census Oper?tions fOr their successful consummation. Shii M.K. Jain, Senior Research Officer with the able help ofSmt. Suman Prashar A.D.C.O and Shri S. Sanyal, Investigator did acommendable job in scrutinisillg the reports and communicating the comments thereon to the Directorate. I am grateful to all of them. The present report is the out-come of a study on Talcher town undertaken by the Directorate of Census Operations, Orissa. I am indebted to Shri S.K Swain, Deputy Director and his colleagues in the Census Directorate, Orissa, for their painstal<ing efforts in bringing out this report. New Delhi, VaS. VERMA the 1st of June, 1988. REGISTRAR GENERAL, INDIA ACKNOWLEDGEMENT 1 Field Survey & Tabulation 1 Shri P.S. K. Subudhi Investigator 2 Shri K.C. Swain Investigator 3 Shri C.R. Mishra Statistical Asst. 4 Shr! N. Shame Statistical Asst. 5 Shri KC. Padhi Statistical Asst. 6 Shri A.K. Pattanayak Statistical Asst. 7 Shri D.K Bose Statistical Asst. 8 Shri KR. Tripathy Statistical Asst. 9 Shri PK Mishra Statistical Asst. 10 Shri P.K Bhuyan Computor 11 Shri B.K. Rath Computor 12 Shri S.N. Pradhan Computor 13 Shrl M.K. Dutta Asst. Compiler 2 Report Writing Shri AC. Samantaray investigator 2 Shri D.C. Sahoo Statistical Asst. 3 Shri C.R. Mishra Statistical Asst. 4 Shri S.N. Mohapatra Statistical Asst. 5 Shri N. Shame Statistical Asst. 3 Maps & Ctiarts 1 Shri AC. Panda Senior Artist 2 Shri G.S. Panda Draughtsman 3 Shri S.K Nayak Draughtsman 4 Typing 1 Shri M.N. Naik Sr. Stenographer 2 Shri AR. Khan Jr. Stenographer 3 Shrimati I. Mohapatra L.D. Clerk 5 Proof~Reading 1. Shri 8. K Sahu Printing Inspector 2 Shri D.N. Mishra Proof Reader / 8 H ,.\. i,'-, ORISSA " .I''1 . LOCATION OF TALCHER TOWN ('".r o {,.....1 ( SUNDARGARH .,.,) ~ MAYUR~HANJ Kilometres 10 0 10 40 60 80 ~F=¥-~ 10 0 10 20 30 40 50 Miles Boundary, State _,_,_ 2,0 "District _,_,_ Location of Town * RlyBroad Gauge-=-==- .. Narrow Gouge'iHHHHI- I Nationdl Highway - Q. i River .. " ,,~ I < D t1 (' ( PHUlABAN' ; .... \ t, 20 (\/'1" ''"', .... 'X" \ ,.r( '-'''7 '\ \A r~AlAHANDI ~/ V' \ i i ( , '" \ :t from Raipur 19° ~ From lallaciila Q o \) \) N 0 82 EAST OF GREENWICH Based upon Survey of India map with the permission of the Survey ©Government of India copyright, 1989, The territonal waters allndia extend into the sea to adistance of measured from the apprOpriate base line, / B H ,~ (.,'-, ORISSA " l''1 ' r -""''1"., LOCATION OF TALCHER TOWN (/'" Kilometres 10 0 20 40 60 80 J±1 ~ MAl 10 0 10 20 30 40 50 Miles Boundary,State _,_,_ " District - _'- Location of Town * RIy.BroadGauge-=-==- " Narrow Gauge~ i Nationdl Highway - q_ i River .... ,,~ I ( D ~1 ~' I PHULABAN ' i 82° EAST OF GREENWICH 87 upon Survey of India map with the permission of the ©Government of India copyright 1989, The territOrial waters of India extend into the sea to adistance of measured from the apprOpriate bate line, w r- ~ X 0 I( Il. Il. 0( U) It 0( U) III J 0z + 0( .J + Ii. oj> 0 III 1- ,. ~ w 0 - W .J oco ~ :> I ~ lD w~ m .J J w , ...... Cl ~ liJ ~ I iii a: ( ~ >- )- w ~ ~ a: « III a: a: « 0( (tit « a: Cl « 11.1 w « z « a w a: u « z ·111 a: « .J al j 0" :> 6 ~l « .J rr « 0 0:) :J If) « w Z .J ID mz If) 0 « If) a: (() w I- z Ox z I/) ~ ~ ~ II: l- ii) J oJ U 0 III J g ~i J 0 ID ~ ~ W MAHULAPADA • OOAlA TALCHER·ITS ENVIRONS REFERENCE URBAN CENTRE , , THANA HQRS &IMPORTANT PLACES • RAILWAY UHHllt NAT 10NAL HIGHWAYS STATE HIGHWAYS &MAJOR ROADS _ RIVER Kilometres 10 0 20 40 60 80 1m ~ t?19 10 0 10 20 30 40 50 ~~~~~;J~'"I ~.-._.....__~ il s ~~~-~--.-,.......",~___.....__,__ CONTENTS Pages FOREWORD PREFACE 1-10 Introduction-Area and population-Topography and physical environment Climate, Flora-Fauna-Communication-Morphology-Administrative Area-Com mercial Area-I ndustrial Area-Residential Area-Housing pattern-Land use pattern-Important and historic places and buildings - Areas of substandard living Conditions. Chapter II 11-20 History and growth of the town-Stone age-Early History-Current History-Freedom movement-History of Municipality-List of Revenue Villages within the Municipality Present Development and its characteristics-Population characteristics-Land utilisation-Land under cultivation-Land use-Control and speculation. Chapter III 21-38 Amenities and Services-History of growth and the present position-Town Ad ministration-Water supply-Protected source of water-Conservancy-Power-Road lighting-Fire fighting-Roads-Transport and communication-Sources of finance for the provision of Amenities and services and Municipal budget-Educational facilities-Medical facilities. Chapter IV 39-76 Economic life of the.Town-Surveyed population-Non-workers-Employment and unemployment depth-Employment status-Mode of Transport of various types of workers-Occupational Diversity-Educationallevel-Establishments-Deulbera Col· liery-Automobile Repair Shop-Saw Mill-Ice Factory-Iron Fabrication & Lathe shops-Wooden Furniture-Printing Press-Rice hauler-Trade & Commerce Wholesale- Retail trade-Banking and Co-Operation-Natlonalised Banks-C.o Operative Bank-Land Development Sank-Households having agricultural or " Horticultural Land-Professionals in the town-Vehicles-Appendix. Chapter V 77-117 Ethnic and selected Socio-Demographic characteristics of the population-Ethnic Composition of population-Nationality and Religion-Mothertongue-Scheduled Caste, Scheduled Tribe-Houseless, Institutional and disabled persons-Age, Sex and Marital Status-Age, Sex and Education-Widow re-marriage-Age at Marriage Education by Religion-Knowledge of Subsidiary language-Subsidiary language and score-Non-enrolment in School-Discontinuation of study-Appendix-I & Ap pendix-II. (viii) Chapter VI 118-160 Migration and Settlement of families-Persons born outside the town-Migrants classified by place of last residence-Households by longest stay of any member Unit of migration-Migrant workers classified according to main activity, broad age group and sex-Migrant workers and non-workers according to broad age group classified by place of last residence-Characteristics of the piaces of origin of Migration by time of migration and distance-Migration stages of households hailing from outside-Reasons of migration-Property at the place from where the households migrated-Close relations at the place from where migrated-Help received from various sources during migration-Problems faced during or after migration-Append ix-I. Chapter Vii 161-176 Neighbourhood pattern-Brahman sasan-Patara sahi-Gopinathpur-Bada danda sahi-Hatatota-HistorY-Characteristic-Cultural, religious and social activities. Chapter VIII 177-191 Family life in town-Composition of households-Distribution of housetlQlds by religion/caste/tribe/community of head of household-Households by type of educational level of heads of households-Members of the family staying outside the town. Chapter IX 192-215 Housing and material culture-Relation of selected houses with adjoining .houses In space by locality-Distribution of houses by material-Number of rooms-Floor space-Amenities-Tenural status-Furniture-Light and fuel-Utensils-Luxury goods: Chapter X 216-217 Slums, blighted and other areas with sub-standard living conditions.