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The Evolution of the Little Rock Zoo

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The Evolution of the Little Rock Zoo THRIVING IN THE WILD The Evolution of the Little Rock Zoo University of Arkansas at Little Rock Masters of Arts Seminar in Public History Fall 2015 A History of the Little Rock Zoo Faculty of Record: Deborah J. Baldwin, Ph.D. HISTORY FOR THE FUTURE, INC. Mission Statement To provide engaging experiences that inspire people to value and conserve our natural world. 1 TABLE OF CONTENTS Executive Summary................................................................................................................... 4 Introduction ............................................................................................................................... 9 A Zoo is Born ........................................................................................................................... 12 Founding of Fair Park ............................................................................................................ 13 Building a Zoo ....................................................................................................................... 15 A New Deal for the Zoo ........................................................................................................ 24 War Rations and Recovery .................................................................................................... 28 Mid-Century at the Zoo .......................................................................................................... 32 Changing Times .................................................................................................................... 32 Running a Zoo ....................................................................................................................... 34 Building Professional Methods ............................................................................................. 38 Changing the Way Zoos Care ................................................................................................ 41 Funding Opportunities, Old and New ................................................................................... 43 Building on the Past .............................................................................................................. 47 Changing the Way We Care for Zoo Animals ...................................................................... 50 Bringing Down the Bars .......................................................................................................... 55 Developing Community Connections ................................................................................... 55 Planning for a Better Zoo ...................................................................................................... 59 Building a Better Zoo, Inside and Out ................................................................................... 64 Zoological Programs ............................................................................................................. 72 Survival of the Fittest .............................................................................................................. 77 Rising Up in Little Rock........................................................................................................ 77 Making Changes .................................................................................................................... 80 Living for the City ................................................................................................................. 82 Arranging Habitats ................................................................................................................ 86 Taking Action ........................................................................................................................ 88 Moving Forward .................................................................................................................... 91 A Zoo for the Future ............................................................................................................... 97 Plans for Conservation and Education ................................................................................ 101 Working with the City of Little Rock .................................................................................. 106 Zoo Improvements .............................................................................................................. 109 Animal Exhibits ................................................................................................................... 113 Creating a Brighter Future ................................................................................................... 114 Conclusion .............................................................................................................................. 123 Literature Review .................................................................................................................. 126 Archival Recommendations .................................................................................................. 130 Paper .................................................................................................................................... 131 Photographs, Photographic Negatives, Slides ..................................................................... 131 Scrapbooks .......................................................................................................................... 132 VHS Tapes .......................................................................................................................... 132 Digital Files ......................................................................................................................... 133 Resources ............................................................................................................................. 133 For digitization services: ..................................................................................................... 133 For archival standards and best practices: ........................................................................... 133 2 Bibliography ........................................................................................................................... 134 Organizational Timeline ....................................................................................................... 149 Zoo Directors, 1926 to the present ....................................................................................... 157 Frank N. (Nelse) Taggart, 1926 ........................................................................................... 157 M. W. (Willie) Gray, 1927-1931 ......................................................................................... 157 William R. (Bill) Sprott, 1931-1944 .................................................................................... 157 Edward (Ed) Hefele, 1941-1944 .......................................................................................... 158 Raymond Gray, 1948-1953 ................................................................................................. 158 Raymond Squires, 1953-1975 ............................................................................................. 159 Charles Wilson, 1975-1977 ................................................................................................. 159 C.B. (Birdog) Rogers, 1977-1978 ....................................................................................... 159 Robert (Bob) Cooper, 1977-1984 ........................................................................................ 160 David Westbrook, 1984-1999 ............................................................................................. 160 Michael (Mike) Blakely, 1999- ........................................................................................... 161 Animal Appendix ................................................................................................................... 163 Nero the lion ........................................................................................................................ 163 Ruth the elephant ................................................................................................................. 164 Ellen the elephant ................................................................................................................ 165 Big Arkie the alligator ......................................................................................................... 166 Snortin’ Norton and Thor the sloth bears ............................................................................ 167 Trudy the gorilla .................................................................................................................. 168 Fossey the gorilla ................................................................................................................. 169 Over-the-Jumps Carousel ..................................................................................................... 170 Programs That Shaped the Little Rock Zoo ....................................................................... 180 Association of Zoos and Aquariums (AZA) ........................................................................ 180 Species Survival Plan (SSP) ................................................................................................ 180 Saving Animals from Extinction
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