Tsunami Disaster Situation Report Sri Lanka Report Number 4
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Tsunami Disaster Situation Report Sri Lanka Report Number 4 1 April 2005 Jointly published by Tamil Information Centre (UK) Centre for Human Rights and Development (Sri Lanka) Tamil Information Centre Studio 2, Sutherland House Centre for Human Rights and Development Clifton Road 6 Aloe Avenue Kingston upon Thames KT2 6PZ Colombo 3 United Kingdom Sri Lanka Telephone: +44 (0)20 8546 1560 Telephone: +94 11 4710273 Fax: +44 (0)20 8546 5701 Fax: +94 11 2564269 E-mail: [email protected] Email: [email protected] Tsunami Disaster Situation report – Sri Lanka Disaster in Sri Lanka Purpose of the Report To keep the civil society organizations, NGOs and partners of the Tamil Information Centre (TIC-UK) - the Centre for Human Rights and Development (CHRD-Sri Lanka) and the Centre for Community Development (CCD-UK) - and other relief and development agencies and governments informed of the impact of the Tsunami disaster in Sri Lanka of 26 December 2004, in particular the north-east region of the island. Introduction Earthquake near Indonesia The Indian Ocean region was gripped by panic when another massive underwater earthquake on 28 March 2005 devastated the Indonesian island of Nias. The death toll is said to be in the region of 1,000. Tsunami warnings were issued in the region, including in Sri Lanka, India and Malaysia and the people in coastal areas were quickly evacuated to safer places. On hearing the news about the earthquake over the BBC and from international agencies, members of the Tamil community living abroad and community organisations immediately contacted organisations and individuals throughout the north-east region and southern areas, to pass on the warning. The prompt action was appreciated by agencies and individuals in Sri Lanka. Reports say five persons were killed in Sri Lanka during the rush, but the people expressed tremendous sense of relief when they were spared of another tsunami attack. Relief operations After three months since the disaster, proper aid has not reached many areas. In late March 2005, the Asian Development Bank (ADB) expressed disappointment and called on the Sri Lankan government for swift and transparent implementation of recovery operations. Head of the Colombo-based Centre for Policy Alternatives, Pakiyasothy Sarawanamuttu says there has been, so far, no legislation with regard to disaster management, land and property issues or a new authority to rebuild the country. There is lack of clear policy on the part of the government, which has led to confusion over such matters as the coastal buffer zones. Many protests have taken place in the south and north-east against corruption involving government officers. There is suspicion that huge amounts of relief materials have been misappropriated. Some 110 containers of relief materials are lying at the Colombo port because of official restrictions. Many of these containers have materials sent by the Tamil diaspora for the north-east region. Sri Lankan authorities are also holding containers and parcels addressed to the Tamil Rehabilitation Organization (TRO) for investigation. Concern has also been expressed regarding the multiplication of foreign NGOs involved in relief in Sri Lanka. The number of international NGOs working in Sri Lanka after the tsunami has increased from around 50 to more than 400. International NGOs have been able to Tsunami Disaster Situation Report – Sri Lanka 2 Report No 4 Tsunami Disaster Situation report – Sri Lanka provide relief where the Sri Lankan government has failed. But lack of co-ordination, has resulted in some villages receiving help from several NGOs while others remaining without any aid. Some large international NGOs are reported to have intervened in projects initiated by smaller local NGOs, offering large amounts of money, disrupting the promotion of good governance, human rights, transparency and accountability. Observers have informed the TIC that such unprincipled intervention and action may create some infrastructure but would be inimical to the holistic development of the communities. Documents A huge number of people have lost their documents such as birth certificates, national identity cards (NIC) and land ownership title deeds. Relatives of the dead or missing need death certificates. This is causing great difficulty for the people affected by the tsunami to establish identity or ownership. Relief workers point out that the lack of NICs caused grave violations of human rights against the Tamil people in the past. The Legal Aid Commission of Sri Lanka (LAC) is currently gathering information in refugee camps and is working with the Registrar General’s office for the purpose of issuing the documents. The LAC says that the legal process needs to adopt a practical and flexible approach in dealing with the legal issues arising out of the tsunami. Joint mechanism Although Sri Lankan government ministers and some leaders of the Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam (LTTE) have expressed optimism, up to now there has been no agreement on a joint mechanism between the two parties for relief operations in the north-east. The people of these areas have expressed utter dismay that politics should override human needs. There is also grave concern over the continuing killings, particularly in the east. These killings are increasingly affecting the attitudes of the parties with regard to the peace process and hopes of peace in the wake of the tsunami disaster have now evaporated. The People’s Liberation Front (JVP), which is a member of the ruling United People’s Freedom Alliance (UPFA), has not only continued its opposition to the peace process but also threatened to leave the government if a joint mechanism is established. Harrold on the firing line The JVP has also attacked World Bank country representative Peter Harrold for allegedly saying that the LTTE has ‘a kind of unofficial state’ in the north-east in an interview to the Sunday Times (Sri Lanka) on 6 March. The JVP says that the statement attempts to confer legitimacy and recognition to the LTTE. Mr Harrold denied making such a statement and said that the World Bank did not regard LTTE areas as an unofficial state. He also said that there would be no direct funding to the LTTE, but pointed out that the LTTE has gained some legitimacy by signing a ceasefire agreement and it would not be possible to implement reconstruction projects in the north-east without recognizing them as partners. The Patriotic National Movement, in which the JVP is a member, held a demonstration in Colombo on 10 March, demanding the removal of Mr Harrold from Sri Lanka, and burned his effigy. Tsunami Disaster Situation Report – Sri Lanka 3 Report No 4 Tsunami Disaster Situation report – Sri Lanka Prince Charles The people of the north-east who were denied a visit by the UN Secretary General Kofi Annan, had some consolation when Prince Charles of Britain visited Batticaloa District on 28 February 2005. The Prince said that he could not describe the full horror of the tsunami tragedy and that he was inspired by the resilience of the people he met, but deeply moved by the trauma they have suffered. The tsunami disaster and relief efforts Women most affected After three months of the Asian tsunami on 26 December 2004, the number of dead and missing in eleven countries in the region has reached almost 300,000. An Oxfam research conducted in the Aceh Province in Indonesia, Cuddalore in the southern Indian state of Tamil Nadu and in refugee camps in Sri Lanka suggests that most tsunami victims were women. In Sri Lanka, many women died while waiting on the shore for their fishermen husbands who had gone to sea. Oxfam says that the disproportionate impact will lead to problems for years to come, unless everyone working on the aid effort addresses the issue now. There are already reports of rapes, harassment and forced marriages in emergency camps around the Asian region. The UK-based agency has called for protection, inclusion and empowerment of female survivors. Country Dead Missing Indonesia 126,473 93,943 Sri Lanka 30,957 5,637 India 10,744 5,669 Thailand 5,395 *3,001 Somalia 108 - Maldives 82 26 Malaysia 68 - Burma 61 - Tanzania 10 - Bangaldesh 2 - Kenya 1 - Seychelles 1 - * Includes over 1,000 foreigners The Sri Lankan government and the LTTE Joint mechanism By the end of March 2005, an agreement between the Sri Lankan government and the LTTE for a joint mechanism for relief operations in the north-east had not materialized. Both parties seem to agree on the mandate and the composition of the joint mechanism, but Tsunami Disaster Situation Report – Sri Lanka 4 Report No 4 Tsunami Disaster Situation report – Sri Lanka differences remain on the monetary structure of the mechanism. The joint mechanism will include five Tamil, three Muslim and two Sinhalese officers. The government is opposed to LTTE’s demand that the World Bank is currently should be the custodian of the special fund of the mechanism. The World Bank is the custodian of the North-East Reconstruction Fund (NERF), according to a decision taken at the Oslo peace talks in December 2002. LTTE’s political wing leader, S P Thamilselvan announced that the LTTE had accepted the draft proposal for a joint mechanism prepared by the Norwegian facilitators, but the Norwegian embassy said on 12 March that they were only facilitating the exchange of views and not involved in drafting such proposals. Meanwhile, the leader of the JVP Somawansa Amarasinghe has threatened that his party will leave the government if a joint mechanism with the LTTE is established. The government has a thin majority in Parliament and would collapse without the support of the JVP. In this light, the establishment of a joint mechanism seems almost impossible.