A Break-Up of the Australian Gecko Genus Strophurus

36 Australasian Journal of Herpetology Australasian Journal of Herpetology 34:36-56. ISSN 1836-5698 (Print) Published 20 July 2017. ISSN 1836-5779 (Online)

A break-up of the Australian gecko genus Strophurus Fitzinger, 1843 sensu lato as currently recognized, from one to four genera, with two new subgenera defined, description of nine new species and two new subspecies.

RAYMOND T. HOSER

488 Park Road, Park Orchards, Victoria, 3134, Australia. Phone: +61 3 9812 3322 Fax: 9812 3355 E-mail: snakeman (at) snakeman.com.au Received 15 January 2017, Accepted 20 May 2017, Published 20 July 2017.

ABSTRACT The genus Strophurus Fitzinger, 1843 sensu lato has been the subject of numerous taxonomic reviews in recent years. With the exception of Wells and Wellington (1985), no recently publishing herpetologists have broken up the genus beyond that defined by Cogger (2014), which sums up the current position in Australian herpetology. Recognizing recent molecular work on the assemblage (e.g. Sadlier, Omeally and Shea (2005) or Nielsen et al. 2016), Strophurus is herein divided into four obvious and divergent genera. One is formally named for the first time. One of these genera is subdivided three ways into subgenera, two being named for the first time. In spite of four species being named in the past three years (two as subspecies, but elevated herein to species status on the basis of time of divergence), molecular evidence clearly shows numerous unnamed forms. To partially correct this situation, nine new easily diagnosed species and two new subspecies are formally named for the first time. A complete list of recognized and valid species, confirmed by published molecular data is also provided. Keywords: Taxonomy; lizards; Australia; Western Australia; Northern Territory; Queensland; Gecko; Strophurus; Eremiastrophrurus; Oedurella; new genus; Adelyndactylus; new subgenus; Graciledactylus; Parvusdactylus; new species; jackyae; dannybrowni; gedyei; chriswilliamsi; jenandersonae; alba; jamielindi; garystephensoni; sonnemanni; new subspecies; obscurum; minima.

INTRODUCTION separate paper published at the same time as this (Hoser, The genus Strophurus Fitzinger, 1843 more recently 2017a) and is therefore ignored for the purposes of this applied to the so-called spiny tailed geckos, was effectively paper. ignored by most herpetologists until resurrected by Wells In terms of Strophurus sensu lato, while all species are and Wellington in their major work of 1985 (Wells and united by caudal mucous glands and associated ejection Wellington, 1985). mechanisms, and transversely enlarged (as opposed to Since then the genus has been widely recognized in rounded and paired) proximal subdigital lamellae, the Australian herpetology as being separate from other individual species form distinct morphologically distinct species within the genus Oedura Gray, 1842 sensu lato groups. with this group (Strophurus) including all the species with On this basis, Wells and Wellington (1985) resurrected the caudal mucous glands and associated ejection genus Oedurella Lönnberg and Andersson, 1913, for the mechanisms, and transversely enlarged (as opposed to divergent and small so-called “phasmid gecko”, originally rounded and paired) proximal subdigital lamellae. described as “Oedurella taeniata Lönnberg and Andersson, The rest of Oedura Gray, 1842 sensu lato is dealt with in a 1913”, and also created a new genus, Eremiastrophrurus

Wells and Wellington, 1985, for the divergent species coincided with an audit of Strophurus sensu lato (as described as “Diplodactylus elderi Stirling and Zeitz, 1893”. defined by Cogger (2014) and similar texts) by myself, with At the same time, they divided the two main populations of a view to dividing the genus along obvious morphological the species “Diplodactylus elderi” as then recognized into and phylogenetic lines. two. At the same time I audited the known species within the In spite of overwhelming evidence accumulating in favour group to see if there were any unrecognized groups in of the Wells and Wellington actions in the three decades need of either being formally recognized and/or formally since their publication of 1985, spearheaded by a gang of named for the first time. thieves known as the Wüster gang as described by Hoser Long aware of the illegal suppression of the works of Wells (2015a-f), not one single publishing herpetologist has used and Wellington by the Wüster gang and long aware of the either the Wells and Wellington genus name or recognized fact that valid and appropriate Wells and Wellington names the species Eremiastrophrurus manhoodi as originally for taxa were not being used, this paper already had a described by them. reason for publication on that basis alone. This attests to the power of threats of violence and other Also having spent more than 30 years active across forms of personal harm made on herpetologists by Australia catching and observing relevant species, I was members of the Wüster gang over the three decades since well aware that the recognized species diversity of the publication of Wells and Wellington (1985) and the group as listed in Cogger (2014) or the Wüster gang immense damage done to the science of herpetology by controlled “The Reptile Database” managed by Peter Uetz, this gang. listing just 19 species as at end 2016, was an In terms of overwhelming evidence in favour of the understatement of the total, so I decided to identify and taxonomy and nomenclature of Wells and Wellington with name obvious unnamed taxa, which is done in this paper. regards to the genus Eremiastrophrurus, or the formal MATERIALS AND METHODS recognition of the species Eremiastrophrurus manhoodi, The identification of the relevant genus and species groups one need look no further than the publication of Nielsen et was easily achieved by simple inspection of relevant al. (2016) at Fig. 1, page 486, which shows a significant specimens, live in the field, in museums and via images divergence at both genus and species levels for the sent to me by others with accurate locaility and/or other relevant taxa. Alternatively, one may look at the very data. In terms of species level groups, biological barriers animals themselves, or for those who prefer not to leave were identified by combining known locality data with the comfort of their own armchair, merely take a look at known geographical barriers, most of which have become page 355 of Brown (2014) and one sees pictures of both well known to myself in my various researches on other taxa, side by side at the bottom of the page reptile groups inhabiting the same regions. (Eremiastrophrurus elderi on the left and The formal naming exercises are a direct result of a review Eremiastrophrurus manhoodi to the right), with all their of the relevant literature to identify all previously named obvious differences, including those identified and spelt out groups at both species and genus level, including known by Wells and Wellington in 1985. synonyms and potentially available names according to the On this basis, the very valid and properly identified Wells rules of the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature and Wellington taxa are herein formally recognized and (Ride et al. 1999). their nomenclaturally available names are used in I should mention that any names coined in online non peer accordance with the rules of the International Code of reviewed or PRINO (peer reviewed in name only) journals Zoological Nomenclature (Ride et al. 1999). like Zootaxa are usually available under the current and Illegal names for these or other taxa coined by the Wüster relevant rules of the International Code of Zoological gang in online PRINO (peer reviewed in name only) Nomenclature as amended online and so are treated as journals they have hijacked, such as Zootaxa, should be valid and used when appropriate herein. ignored and not used under any circumstance. This assumes that the names are not junior synonyms of However, I recognize the ongoing threats and harassment earlier properly proposed names. of scientists who go against the terrorist like edicts and Available names are used as appropriate (in the paper demands of Wolfgang Wüster and his associated band of below) and where none was available the relevant entities thugs and thieves. are named according to the provisions of the International It is also a matter of public record that illegal actions of the Code of Zoological Nomenclature. Wüster gang and associates have caused deaths of a While the species, genera and subgenera diagnosed number of very competent herpetologists, including for herein are done so on the basis of their own physical example Luke Yeomans in the UK and Nathan Garrod in characters, it is important to note the guidance given by Queensland, Australia. relevant earlier publications (quoted herein), which in For defying the demands of the Wüster gang, myself and combination show that the taxonomic conclusions within my family have been subject of criminal attacks to both our this paper are not only logical, but are in fact a mere persons and property, as have many of my co-workers and statement of the obvious. it is the fear of such occurring that has been forcing many Divergence times of species or genus level groups are competent herpetologists to bow down to the illegal taken from the published literature as cited herein. demands of the Wüster gang and using the illegal How long it will take other herpetologists to adopt and use nomenclature (coined in breach of the International Code the taxonomy within this paper will not depend on the of Zoological Nomenclature) instead of the legal merits of what is published herein, so much as how willing nomenclature. they are to brave the hatred and harassment from a group The publication of the paper by Nielsen et al. (2016) known as the Wüster gang, who will seek to do all they can

Hoser 2017 - Australasian Journal of Herpetology 34:36-56. Available online at www.herp.net Copyright- Kotabi Publishing - All rights reserved 38 Australasian Journal of Herpetology to stop others from using any taxonomy or nomenclature Australian National, State and Local governments in the formally proposed by myself (see Hoser 2015a-f). relevant Australian region over the past 200 years as Their actions are dictated by personal hatred and an illegal detailed by Hoser (1989, 1991, 1993 and 1996). desire to steal the intellectual property of others rather than RESULTS any scientific arguments they may allege. An audit of the relevant literature identified significant and The unscientific and highly illegal actions of this group have compelling reasons to divide the genus Strophurus sensu been documented in detail in the papers of Hoser (2015a-f) lato into four genera, for which names are available for and sources cited therein and even publicly condemned by three genera. The fourth is formally named for the first time judges in law courts (Court of Appeal 2014, Victorian Civil herein. and Administrative Tribunal (VCAT) 2015). One of these generic groupings also has a basis for a Key publications relevant to the genus Strophurus three-way division at the genus level, but the morphological Fitzinger, 1843 sensu lato, and all the taxonomic similarity of all species, best known as the “Phasmid judgements and conclusions herein as well as the legal Geckos” has led me to define each of the three relevant nomenclature that follows on from this, include: Andrews et groups as subgenera within the resurrected genus al. (2013), Barts and Hulbert (2004), Bauer (2013), Bauer Oedurella Lönnberg and Andersson, 1913. et al. (1989), Böhme and Sering (1997), Boulenger (1885, While numerous papers provide a molecular basis for the 1887), Brown (2014), Brown et al. (2012), Cogger (1975, preceding, Nielsen et al. (2016) at Fig. 1, page 486 1983, 2000, 2014), Cogger et al. (1983), Colgan et al. provides a recent basis for this. (2009), Covacevich et al. (1998), De Vis (1886), Doody et The morphological basis for the four-way division of the al. (2013), Duméril and Bibron (1836), Escoriza Boj (2005), genera defined herein is seen by inspection of the lizards Even (2005), Fallend (2007), Fitzinger (1843), Glauert themselves, or for that matter perusal of an identification (1952, 1956), Gray (1842), Greer (1989), Han et al. (2004), manual such as Cogger (2014), or earlier texts such as Hoser (1989, 2005, 2007, 2015a-f, 2016a-b, 2017a-b), Wilson and Knowles (1988) of Wilson and Swan (2013). ICZN (1991), Kay et al. (2013), Kinghorn (1924, 1929), Kluge (1963), Laube (1993, 1997), Laube and Langner I should note that the newly created genus has a (2007), Laube and Seipp (1998), Longman (1916), divergence of about 15 MYA from common ancestors of Lönnberg and Andersson (1913), Loveridge (1934), other genera and that the relevant named subgenera all Maryan (2005), Mayer (2014), Michael et al. (2011), diverged from one another about 10 MYA according to the Mitchell (1955), Nielsen et al. (2016), Ogilby (1892), Oliver data provided by Nielsen et al. (2016). and Bauer (2011), Oliver and Doughty (2016), Oliver and At the species and subspecies level, Nielsen et al. (2016) McDonald (2016), Oliver and Parkin (2014), Oliver et al. also identify numerous potential species in the phylogeny (2010, 2012, 2014a, 2014b), Pavey et al. (2016), Pianka presented at Fig. 1, page 486. (1969, 1986), Pianka and Pianka (1976), Pianka and Vitt Following on from that and from direct inspection of (2003), Porter (2001, 2002), Ride et al. (1999), Rosauer et relevant specimens, in life, in museums and by way of al. (2016), Rosenberg and Russell (1980), Rösler (1995, locality based images, I was able to identify nine taxa 2000a, 2000b), Sadlier et al. (2015), Shea and Wells worthy of full species level recognition. (1984), Smith (1995), Stirling and Zietz (1893), Storr (1978, And two more as subspecies. All taxa appear to be 1979, 1983, 1988a, 1988b, 1988c), Storr, Smith and allopatric with respect to the species they have until now Johnstone (1990), Tremper Jr (1999), Vanderduys (2016), been classified as. Wellington (2016), Wells and Wellington (1984, 1985), I note that as per the edicts of the Wüster gang, Nielsen et Werner (1910), Wilson and Knowles (1988), Wilson and al. (2016) failed to recognize Wells and Wellington named Swan (2010, 2013) and sources cited therein. taxa at either the genus or species level, even though their Some material within descriptions below may be repeated molecular results clearly confirmed both. for different described taxa and this is in accordance with Therefore on the basis of the evidence of Nielsen et al. the provisions of the International Code of Zoological (2016) all relevant taxonomic and nomenclatural actions by Nomenclature and the legal requirements for each Wells and Wellington are adopted in this paper. description. I make no apologies for this. This includes for example recognition of the genera I also note that, notwithstanding the theft of relevant Oedurella Lönnberg and Andersson, 1913 for the so-called materials from this author in an illegal armed raid on 17 Phasmid geckos and also Eremiastrophrurus Wells and August 2011, which were not returned in breach of Wellington, 1985 for the “Diplodactylus elderi Stirling and undertakings to the court (Court of Appeal Victoria 2014 Zietz, 1893” group of species. and VCAT 2015), I have made a decision to publish this paper. Also recognized is the taxon Eremiastrophrurus mahoodi Wells and Wellington, 1985 based on the unequivocal This is in view of the conservation significance attached to molecular evidence provided by Nielsen et al. (2016). the formal recognition of unnamed taxa at all levels and on the basis that further delays may in fact put these presently The divergent species currently known as Strophurus unnamed or potentially improperly assigned taxa at greater wilsoni (Storr, 1983) is herein placed in the monotypic risk of extinction. genus Adelyndactylus gen. nov.. This comment is made noting the extensive increase in At the time Brown et al. (2012) divided the species human population in Australia and the general Strophurus taenicauda (De Vis, 1886) into three environmental destruction across the continent as subspecies, I was of the view that the three taxa should be documented by Hoser (1991, 1993, 1996), including low treated as full species. density areas without a large permanent human population. Their own molecular data supported that contention, as I also note the abysmal environmental record of various does that of Nielsen et al. (2016) and so I have elevated

the trio of taxa to full species for the first time. In terms of all previously named species, one should note Species level taxa clearly warranting splits as identified in that except for Strophurus aberrans Glauert, 1952, the results of Nielsen et al. (2016) and Sadlier, Omeally Strophurus albiocularis Brown, Worthington, Wilmer and and Shea (2005), include Strophurus intermedius (Ogilby, Macdonald, 2012, Strophurus congoo Vanderduys, 2016, 1892), Strophurus krisalys Sadlier, Omeally and Shea, Strophurus triaureus Brown, Worthington, Wilmer and 2005, Strophurus williamsi (Kluge, 1963) and Strophurus Macdonald, 2012, Eremiastrophrurus mahoodi Wells and wellingtonae (Storr, 1988). In terms of the first two, and the Wellington, 1985 and Oedurella horneri (Oliver and Parkin, fourth, these species are split two ways with a new species 2014), comparative descriptive and diagnostic information formally named in each case. S. williamsi is split three ways can be found in Cogger (2014) at pages 332 to 344. with two new species formally named for the first time. For the other six (just listed) species, diagnostic information For Strophurus intermedius (Ogilby, 1892), the south-west separating them from their nearest congeners can be found Australian population is also formally named herein as a in the original descriptions. subspecies. I note in passing that this also includes for the formal Another taxon conservatively described herein as a description of Eremiastrophrurus mahoodi Wells and subspecies is the eastern population of the species Wellington, 1985, which does properly differentiate this identified herein as Oedurella taeniata Lönnberg and taxon from the similar Eremiastrophrurus elderi (Stirling and Andersson, 1913. Zeitz, 1893) and is therefore NOT a “nomen nudem” as defined in the International Code of Zoological Two other related and similar north-west Australian Nomenclature, as has been unlawfully alleged by members species, Oedurella mcmillani (Storr, 1978) and Oedurella of the Wüster gang. robinsoni (Smith, 1995) are divided into a total of six morphologically and genetically divergent species, four GENUS STROPHURUS FITZINGER, 1843 being formally named for the first time. The new species Type species: Diplodactylus (Strophurus) dumerilii have at times been treated as both O. mcmillani and O. Fitzinger, 1843. robinsoni. Diagnosis: The genus Strophurus Fitzinger, 1843 is within The species described as Strophurus congoo Vanderduys, a tribe that was included with 2016 is left in that genus on the basis of morphological the genus Oedura Gray, 1842 as defined in another paper similarity to others within Strophurus as defined in this published at the same time as this one (Hoser 2017a). paper, as well as the molecular evidence cited by The subtribe is separated from the other four subtribes by Vanderduys (2016). presence of caudal glands and associated ejection NOTES ON THE DESCRIPTIONS FOR ANY POTENTIAL mechanisms, and transversely enlarged (as opposed to REVISORS rounded and paired) proximal subdigital lamellae. Unless mandated by the rules of the International Code of Strophurus species are further characterised and Zoological Nomenclature, none of the spellings of the diagnosed by having labials that are larger than the other newly proposed names should be altered in any way. The adjacent scales on the snout. Postmentals are usually names created herein have also been created with a view enlarged. Digits are relatively short, wide and obviously to avoiding any potential homonymy with earlier established horizontally flattened. Apical plates are greatly enlarged. names. Undivided secondary lamellae are broad. Primary, Should one or more newly named taxa be merged by later secondary and tertiary lamellae are distinct. A lateral pair of authors to be treated as a single entity, the order of priority cloacal bones are absent in the males. Scales above the of retention of names should be the order (page priority) of distal expansions are more or less equal in size to those the descriptions within this text (which is the same as that above the basal parts of the digits. Digits lie flat to the listed in the abstract). surface when viewed laterally (i.e. through glass). All digits Below are the appropriate genus (and subgenus) level have claws that are small, retractile and lie in a groove descriptions followed by the (new) species and subspecies between the distal lamellae. descriptions. In terms of the latter, they are placed within The preceding is in effect the diagnosis of the genus the genera as outlined in the following section of this paper, Strophurus as defined in Cogger (2014) and similar this being the new taxonomy and nomenclature for the contemporary texts which included all species in the relevant group/s of reptiles. relevant subtribe herein included in four newly defined and Characters used to identify each genus described below separated genera. are largely derived from the standardized accounts given in In terms of the four newly separated and defined genera, Cogger (2014) and Wilson and Swan (2013) as they are all Strophurus is alone in having males with pre-anal pores, simple and can be employed easily in the field. readily separating it from the three others. Latitude and Longitude information is given in degrees (first The genus Eremiastrophrurus Wells and Wellington, 1985 two digits) and minutes (second two digits after the period). is separated from other genera by the following suite of Below I also define and diagnose for the first time the four characters: no pre-anal pores in males; vertical rostral relevant genera formerly included within Strophurus sensu crease is incomplete, extending only half way down the lato. rostral; the body is of a moderate build, nostril surrounded The only species and subspecies taxon levels defined by fewer than seven scales, no ventral stripe; there are herein are those newly named for the first time. scattered enlarged tubercles along the body. For the other relevant species (as appears in the species The genus Oedurella Lönnberg and Andersson, 1913 is list with this paper), diagnostic information can be found in separated from other genera by the following suite of the relevant descriptions. characters: no pre-anal pores in males; vertical rostral crease is almost complete or complete, the body is of a

Hoser 2017 - Australasian Journal of Herpetology 34:36-56. Available online at www.herp.net Copyright- Kotabi Publishing - All rights reserved 40 Australasian Journal of Herpetology slight and slender build and there is a ventral stripe. Lateral pair of cloacal bones are absent in the males. Within Oedurella there are three subgenera. The nominate Scales above the distal expansions are more or less equal subgenus Oedurella subgen. nov. is separated from the in size to those above the basal parts of the digits. Digits lie subgenus Graciledactylus gen. nov. by having a rostral flat to the surface when viewed laterally (i.e. through glass). excluded from the nostril, versus one contacting the nostril All digits have claws that are small, retractile and lie in a in the subgenus Graciledactylus gen. nov.. Both these groove between the distal lamellae. subgenera are separated from the subgenus The preceding is in effect the diagnosis of the genus Parvusdactylus subgen. nov. by having less than seven Strophurus as defined in Cogger (2014) and similar scales surrounding the nostril, versus more than seven in contemporary texts which included all species in the Parvusdactylus subgen. nov.. relevant subtribe herein included in four newly defined and The genus Adelyndactylus gen. nov. is separated from separated genera. other genera by the following suite of characters: no pre- In terms of the four newly separated and defined genera, anal pores in males; no enlarged dorso-lateral or scattered Strophurus is alone in having males with pre-anal pores, tubercles along the body, tail only about 50% of the snout- readily separating it from the three others. vent length; dorsal colour pattern of faint longitudinal The genus Oedurella Lönnberg and Andersson, 1913 is stripes and body of moderate build. separated from other genera by the following suite of Distribution: Most of continental Australia, except for the characters: no pre-anal pores in males; vertical rostral coldest parts including Tasmania. crease is almost complete or complete, the body is of a Content: Strophurus strophurus (Duméril and Bibron, slight and slender build and there is a ventral stripe. 1836) (Type species); Within Oedurella there are three subgenera. The nominate S. aberrans (Glauert, 1952); S. albiocularis Brown, subgenus Oedurella subgen. nov. is separated from the Worthington, Wilmer and Macdonald, 2012; S. assimilis subgenus Graciledactylus gen. nov. by having a rostral (Storr, 1988); S. ciliaris (Boulenger, 1885); S. congoo excluded from the nostril, versus one contacting the nostril Vanderduys, 2016; S. chriswilliamsi sp. nov.; S. in the subgenus Graciledactylus gen. nov.. Both these dannybrowni sp. nov.; S. gedyei sp. nov.; S. jackyae sp. subgenera are separated from the subgenus nov.; S. jenandersonae sp. nov.; S. intermedius (Ogilby, Parvusdactylus subgen. nov. by having less than seven 1892); S. krisalys Sadlier, Omeally and Shea, 2005; S. scales surrounding the nostril, versus more than seven in rankini (Storr, 1979); S. spinigerus (Gray, 1842); S. Parvusdactylus subgen. nov.. taenicauda (De Vis, 1886); S. triaureus Brown, The genus Adelyndactylus gen. nov. is separated from Worthington, Wilmer and Macdonald, 2012; S. wellingtonae other genera by the following suite of characters: no pre- (Storr, 1988); S. williamsi (Kluge, 1963). anal pores in males; no enlarged dorso-lateral or scattered GENUS EREMIASTROPHURUS WELLS AND tubercles along the body, tail is only about 50% of the WELLINGTON, 1985 snout-vent length; dorsal colour pattern of faint longitudinal stripes and a body of moderate build. Type species: Diplodactylus elderi Stirling and Zeitz, 1893. Distribution: Drier parts of central, southern and Western Diagnosis: The genus Eremiastrophrurus Wells and Australia, excluding the farthest south and tropical areas. Wellington, 1985, has until now been treated by publishing authors as being a synonym of Strophurus Fitzinger, 1843, Content: Eremiastrophrurus elderi (Stirling and Zeitz, even though molecular data shows that the assemblage 1893) (Type species); E. mahoodi Wells and Wellington, identified by this name is worthy of genus level recognition. 1985; E. michaelseni (Werner, 1910). Hence this diagnosis. GENUS OEDURELLA LÖNNBERG AND ANDERSSON, The genus Eremiastrophrurus Wells and Wellington, 1985 1913 is separated from all species in other genera previously Type species: Oedurella taeniata Lönnberg and included within Strophurus, namely Strophurus, Oedurella Andersson, 1913. Lönnberg and Andersson, 1913 and Adelyndactylus gen. Diagnosis: The genus Oedurella Lönnberg and nov. by the following suite of characters: no pre-anal pores Andersson, 1913, has until now been treated by publishing in males; vertical rostral crease is incomplete, extending authors as being a synonym of Strophurus Fitzinger, 1843, only half way down the rostral; the body is of a moderate even though molecular data shows that the assemblage build, nostril surrounded by fewer than seven scales, no identified by this name is worthy of genus level recognition. ventral stripe and scattered enlarged tubercles along the Hence this diagnosis. body. The genus Oedurella Lönnberg and Andersson, 1913 is The subtribe including these four genera are separated separated from all species in other genera previously from the other four subtribes in the species grouping by included within Strophurus, namely Strophurus, presence of caudal glands and associated ejection Eremiastrophrurus Wells and Wellington, 1985 and mechanisms, and transversely enlarged (as opposed to Adelyndactylus gen. nov. by the following suite of rounded and paired) proximal subdigital lamellae. characters: No pre-anal pores in males; vertical rostral Eremiastrophrurus, Strophurus, Oedurella and crease is almost complete or complete, the body is of a Adelyndactylus gen. nov species are further characterised slight and slender build and there is a ventral stripe. and diagnosed by having labials that are larger than the Within Oedurella there are three subgenera. The nominate other adjacent scales on the snout. Postmentals are subgenus Oedurella subgen. nov. is separated from the usually enlarged. Digits are relatively short, wide and subgenus Graciledactylus subgen. nov. by having a rostral obviously horizontally flattened. Apical plates are greatly excluded from the nostril, versus one contacting the nostril enlarged. Undivided secondary lamellae are broad. in the subgenus Graciledactylus subgen. nov.. Both these Primary, secondary and tertiary lamellae are distinct. subgenera are separated from the subgenus

Parvusdactylus subgen. nov. by having less than seven than seven in Parvusdactylus subgen. nov.. scales surrounding the nostril, versus more than seven in The genus Oedurella Lönnberg and Andersson, 1913, has Parvusdactylus subgen. nov.. until now been treated by publishing authors as being a Lizards in the subtribe containing the four genera synonym of Strophurus Fitzinger, 1843, even though Oedurella, Strophurus, Eremiastrophrurus and molecular data shows that the assemblage identified by Adelyndactylus gen. nov. are separated from the other four this name is worthy of genus level recognition. Hence this subtribes of Australian gecko by the presence of caudal diagnosis. glands and associated ejection mechanisms, and The genus Oedurella Lönnberg and Andersson, 1913 is transversely enlarged (as opposed to rounded and paired) separated from all species in other genera previously proximal subdigital lamellae. included within Strophurus, namely Strophurus, Oedurella, Strophurus, Eremiastrophrurus and Eremiastrophrurus Wells and Wellington, 1985 and Adelyndactylus gen. nov. species are further characterised Adelyndactylus gen. nov. by the following suite of and diagnosed by having labials that are larger than the characters: No pre-anal pores in males; vertical rostral other adjacent scales on the snout. Postmentals are crease is almost complete or complete, the body is of a usually enlarged. Digits are relatively short, wide and slight and slender build and there is a ventral stripe. obviously horizontally flattened. Apical plates are greatly Lizards in the subtribe containing the four genera enlarged. Undivided secondary lamellae are broad. Oedurella, Strophurus, Eremiastrophrurus and Primary, secondary and tertiary lamellae are distinct. A Adelyndactylus gen. nov. are separated from the other four lateral pair of cloacal bones are absent in the males. subtribes of Australian gecko by the presence of caudal Scales above the distal expansions are more or less equal glands and associated ejection mechanisms, and in size to those above the basal parts of the digits. Digits lie transversely enlarged (as opposed to rounded and paired) flat to the surface when viewed laterally (i.e. through glass). proximal subdigital lamellae. All digits have claws that are small, retractile and lie in a Oedurella, Strophurus, Eremiastrophrurus and groove between the distal lamellae. Adelyndactylus gen. nov. species are further characterised The preceding is in effect the diagnosis of the genus and diagnosed by having labials that are larger than the Strophurus as defined in Cogger (2014) and similar other adjacent scales on the snout. Postmentals are contemporary texts which included all species in the usually enlarged. Digits are relatively short, wide and relevant subtribe herein included in four newly defined and obviously horizontally flattened. Apical plates are greatly separated genera (Oedurella, Strophurus, enlarged. Undivided secondary lamellae are broad. Eremiastrophrurus and Adelyndactylus gen. nov.). Primary, secondary and tertiary lamellae are distinct. A In terms of the four newly separated and defined genera, lateral pair of cloacal bones are absent in the males. Strophurus is alone in having males with pre-anal pores, Scales above the distal expansions are more or less equal readily separating it from the three others. in size to those above the basal parts of the digits. Digits lie The genus Eremiastrophrurus Wells and Wellington, 1985 flat to the surface when viewed laterally (i.e. through glass). is separated from other genera by the following suite of All digits have claws that are small, retractile and lie in a characters: no pre-anal pores in males; vertical rostral groove between the distal lamellae. crease is incomplete, extending only half way down the The preceding is in effect the diagnosis of the genus rostral; the body is of a moderate build, nostril surrounded Strophurus as defined in Cogger (2014) and similar by fewer than seven scales, no ventral stripe and scattered contemporary texts which included all species in the enlarged tubercles along the body. relevant subtribe herein included in four newly defined and The genus Adelyndactylus gen. nov. is separated from separated genera (Oedurella, Strophurus, other genera by the following suite of characters: no pre- Eremiastrophrurus and Adelyndactylus gen. nov.). anal pores in males; no enlarged dorso-lateral or scattered In terms of the four newly separated and defined genera, tubercles along the body, tail is only about 50% of the Strophurus is alone in having males with pre-anal pores, snout-vent length; dorsal colour pattern of faint longitudinal readily separating it from the three others. stripes and the body is of a moderate build. The genus Eremiastrophrurus Wells and Wellington, 1985 Distribution: North-west Australia, mainly in Spinifex is separated from other genera by the following suite of covered hills and dunes. characters: no pre-anal pores in males; vertical rostral Content: Oedurella taeniata Lönnberg and Andersson, crease is incomplete, extending only half way down the 1913 (Type species); O. alba sp. nov.; O. garystephensoni rostral; the body is of a moderate build, nostril surrounded sp. nov.; O. horneri (Oliver and Parkin, 2014); O. jamielindi by fewer than seven scales, no ventral stripe and scattered sp. nov.; O. jeanae (Storr, 1988); O. mcmillani (Storr, 1978); enlarged tubercles along the body. O. robinsoni (Smith, 1995); O. sonnemanni sp. nov.. The genus Adelyndactylus gen. nov. is separated from SUBGENUS GRACILEDACTYLUS SUBGEN. NOV. other genera by the following suite of characters: no pre- anal pores in males; no enlarged dorso-lateral or scattered Type species: Diplodactylus jeanae Storr, 1988. tubercles along the body, tail is only about 50% of the Diagnosis: Within Oedurella there are three subgenera. snout-vent length; dorsal colour pattern of faint longitudinal The nominate subgenus Oedurella subgen. nov. is stripes and the body is of a moderate build. separated from the subgenus Graciledactylus subgen. nov. Distribution: Arid areas from the Pilbara in Western by having a rostral excluded from the nostril, versus one Australia to Central parts of the Northern Territory. contacting the nostril in the subgenus Graciledactylus subgen. nov.. Both these subgenera are separated from Etymology: The subgenus name is taken from the Latin the subgenus Parvusdactylus subgen. nov. by having less “Gracile” meaning thin and “Dactylus” for the fact the than seven scales surrounding the nostril, versus more lizards have claws on each digit.

Content: Oedurella (Graciledactylus) jeanae (Storr, 1988) scattered enlarged tubercles along the body. (Monotypic). The genus Adelyndactylus gen. nov. is separated from SUBGENUS PARVUSDACTYLUS SUBGEN. NOV. other genera by the following suite of characters: no pre- Type species: Oedurella alba sp. nov. (this paper). anal pores in males; no enlarged dorso-lateral or scattered Diagnosis: Within Oedurella there are three subgenera. tubercles along the body, the tail is only about 50% of the The nominate subgenus Oedurella subgen. nov. is snout-vent length; dorsal colour pattern of faint longitudinal separated from the subgenus Graciledactylus subgen. nov. stripes and the body is of a moderate build. by having a rostral excluded from the nostril, versus one Distribution: North Kimberley Region of Western Australia contacting the nostril in the subgenus Graciledactylus extending to the Keep River area in the Northern Territory, subgen. nov.. Both these subgenera are separated from near the WA border. the subgenus Parvusdactylus subgen. nov. by having less Etymology: The subgenus name is taken from the Latin than seven scales surrounding the nostril, versus more “Parvus” meaning small and “Dactylus” for the fact the than seven in Parvusdactylus subgen. nov.. lizards have claws on each digit. The genus Oedurella Lönnberg and Andersson, 1913, has Content: Oedurella (Parvusdactylus) alba sp. nov. (Type until now been treated by publishing authors as being a species); O. (Parvusdactylus) garystephensoni sp. nov.; O. synonym of Strophurus Fitzinger, 1843, even though (Parvusdactylus) jamielindi sp. nov.; O. (Parvusdactylus) molecular data shows that the assemblage identified by mcmillani (Storr, 1978); O. (Parvusdactylus) robinsoni this name is worthy of genus level recognition. Hence this (Smith, 1995); O. (Parvusdactylus) sonnemanni sp. nov.. diagnosis. SUBGENUS OEDURELLA LÖNNBERG AND The genus Oedurella Lönnberg and Andersson, 1913 is ANDERSSON, 1913 separated from all species in other genera previously Type species: Oedurella taeniata Lönnberg and included within Strophurus, namely Strophurus, Andersson, 1913. Eremiastrophrurus Wells and Wellington, 1985 and Adelyndactylus gen. nov. by the following suite of Diagnosis: The genus Oedurella Lönnberg and characters: No pre-anal pores in males; vertical rostral Andersson, 1913, has until now been treated by most or all crease is almost complete or complete, the body is of a publishing authors except for Wells and Wellington (1985) slight and slender build and there is a ventral stripe. as being a synonym of Strophurus Fitzinger, 1843, even though molecular data shows that the assemblage Lizards in the subtribe containing the four genera identified by this name is worthy of genus level recognition. Oedurella, Strophurus, Eremiastrophrurus and Hence this diagnosis. Adelyndactylus gen. nov. are separated from the other four subtribes of Australian gecko by the presence of caudal The genus Oedurella Lönnberg and Andersson, 1913 is glands and associated ejection mechanisms, and separated from all species in other genera previously transversely enlarged (as opposed to rounded and paired) included within Strophurus, namely Strophurus, proximal subdigital lamellae. Eremiastrophrurus Wells and Wellington, 1985 and Adelyndactylus gen. nov. by the following suite of Oedurella, Strophurus, Eremiastrophrurus and characters: No pre-anal pores in males; vertical rostral Adelyndactylus gen. nov. species are further characterised crease is almost complete or complete, the body is of a and diagnosed by having labials that are larger than the slight and slender build and there is a ventral stripe. other adjacent scales on the snout. Postmentals are usually enlarged. Digits are relatively short, wide and Within Oedurella there are three subgenera. The nominate obviously horizontally flattened. Apical plates are greatly subgenus Oedurella subgen. nov. is separated from the enlarged. Undivided secondary lamellae are broad. subgenus Graciledactylus subgen. nov. by having a rostral Primary, secondary and tertiary lamellae are distinct. A excluded from the nostril, versus one contacting the nostril lateral pair of cloacal bones are absent in the males. in the subgenus Graciledactylus subgen. nov.. Both these Scales above the distal expansions are more or less equal subgenera are separated from the subgenus in size to those above the basal parts of the digits. Digits lie Parvusdactylus subgen. nov. by having less than seven flat to the surface when viewed laterally (i.e. through glass). scales surrounding the nostril, versus more than seven in All digits have claws that are small, retractile and lie in a Parvusdactylus subgen. nov.. groove between the distal lamellae. For more detail see for the genus (previous in this paper). The preceding is in effect the diagnosis of the genus Distribution: Seasonally dry areas of tropical north-west Strophurus as defined in Cogger (2014) and similar and northern Australia, mainly away from the humid coasts contemporary texts which included all species in the and arid areas to the south, although also in dry hilly areas relevant subtribe herein included in four newly defined and of the top end. separated genera (Oedurella, Strophurus, Content: Oedurella taeniata Lönnberg and Andersson, Eremiastrophrurus and Adelyndactylus gen. nov.). 1913 (Type species); O. horneri (Oliver and Parkin, 2014). In terms of the four newly separated and defined genera, GENUS ADELYNDACTYLUS GEN. NOV. Strophurus is alone in having males with pre-anal pores, Type species: Diplodactylus wilsoni Storr, 1983. readily separating it from the three others. Diagnosis: The lizard species in the genus Adelyndactylus The genus Eremiastrophrurus Wells and Wellington, 1985 gen. nov. has until now been treated by publishing authors is separated from other genera by the following suite of as being within Strophurus Fitzinger, 1843, even though characters: no pre-anal pores in males; vertical rostral molecular data shows that the species identified by this crease is incomplete, extending only half way down the name is worthy of genus level recognition due to its rostral; the body is of a moderate build, nostril surrounded morphological divergence from other species and time of by fewer than seven scales, no ventral stripe and there are divergence ascertained by molecular studies. Hence this

The genus Adelyndactylus gen. nov. is separated from all scales surrounding the nostril, versus more than seven in species in other genera previously included within Parvusdactylus subgen. nov.. Strophurus, namely Strophurus, Oedurella Lönnberg and Distribution: Arid mid western interior of Western Andersson, 1913 and Eremiastrophrurus Wells and Australia. Wellington, 1985 and by the following suite of characters: Etymology: Named in honour of my (now) 18 year old no pre-anal pores in males; no enlarged dorso-lateral or daughter, Adelyn Hoser in recognition of a lifetime’s scattered tubercles or spines along the body, tail only about dedicated work in wildlife conservation and “Dactylus” for 50% of the snout-vent length; dorsal colour pattern of faint the fact the lizards have claws on each digit. May I add longitudinal stripes and the body is of a moderate build. that the hate statements about her posted on Wikipedia by These are small, short-snouted, short-tailed, semi-arboreal Mark O’Shea and others in the Wüster gang stating as a lizards (up to 8 cm long) with scales on top of the tail much “fact” that I killed my 10 Year old daughter (Adelyn Hoser) larger and higher than others. testing surgically devenomized snakes on her in 2011, is a The genus Strophurus Fitzinger, 1843 is within a tribe that complete fabrication by them (Wüster et al. 2012). was included with the genus Oedura Gray, 1842 as defined Their associated claims that the snakes had regenerated in another paper published at the same time as this one venom were also fabricated and found to be such in courts (Hoser 2017a). of law in 2012, 2013, 2014 (twice) and 2015 (see Court of The subtribe is separated from the other four subtribes by Appeal 2014 and VCAT 2015). presence of caudal glands and associated ejection Content: Adelyndactylus wilsoni (Storr, 1983) (Monotypic). mechanisms, and transversely enlarged (as opposed to STROPHURUS JACKYAE SP. NOV. rounded and paired) proximal subdigital lamellae. Holotype: A preserved specimen in the South Australian Strophurus, Adelyndactylus gen. nov, Oedurella Lönnberg Museum, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia, specimen and Andersson, 1913 and Eremiastrophrurus Wells and number: R25518 collected from the southern boundary of Wellington, 1985 are further characterised and diagnosed the Dangalli Conservation Park, South Australia (near the by having labials that are larger than the other adjacent New South Wales border), Latitude -33.36 S., Longitude scales on the snout. Postmentals are usually enlarged. 140.53 E. Digits are relatively short, wide and obviously horizontally flattened. Apical plates are greatly enlarged. Undivided The South Australian Museum, Adelaide, South Australia, secondary lamellae are broad. Primary, secondary and Australia is a government-owned facility that allows access tertiary lamellae are distinct. Lateral pair of cloacal bones to its holdings. are absent in the males. Scales above the distal Paratypes: 1/ A preserved specimen in the South expansions are more or less equal in size to those above Australian Museum, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia, the basal parts of the digits. Digits lie flat to the surface specimen number: R41425, collected at 4.4 km South when viewed laterally (i.e. through glass). All digits have South-east of 9 Mile Tank, South Australia, Latitude -33.41 claws that are small, retractile and lie in a groove between S., Longitude 140.25 E. the distal lamellae. 2/ A preserved specimen in the South Australian Museum, The preceding is in effect the diagnosis of the genus Adelaide, South Australia, Australia, specimen number: Strophurus as defined in Cogger (2014) and similar R53808, collected at Gluepot Reserve, 64 km north of contemporary texts which included all species in the Waikerie, South Australia, Latitude -33.45 S., Longitude relevant subtribe herein included in four newly defined and 140.11 E. separated genera (namely Strophurus, Adelyndactylus Diagnosis: The species Strophurus jackyae sp. nov. has gen. nov, Oedurella Lönnberg and Andersson, 1913 and until now been treated as a regional population of the Eremiastrophrurus Wells and Wellington, 1985). widespread species, Strophurus williamsi (Kluge, 1963). In terms of the four newly separated and defined genera, Strophurus jackyae sp. nov. is restricted to the Victorian Strophurus is alone in having males with pre-anal pores, Mallee and adjacent parts of South Australia and nearby readily separating it from the three others. New South Wales, the type form of S. williamsi from the The genus Eremiastrophrurus Wells and Wellington, 1985 Warrumbungle Ranges in New South Wales, is found is separated from other genera by the following suite of throughout north-west New South Wales and into adjacent characters: no pre-anal pores in males; vertical rostral dry parts of south-east Queensland, Australia. crease is incomplete, extending only half way down the S. jackyae sp. nov. is readily separated from S. williamsi by rostral; the body is of a moderate build, nostril surrounded having few if any well defined black spots on the toes, by fewer than seven scales, no ventral stripe and there are versus a moderate to dense number in S. williamsi. scattered enlarged tubercles along the body. S. dannybrowni sp. nov., previously regarded as the North The genus Oedurella Lönnberg and Andersson, 1913 is Queensland population of this species also lacks prominent separated from other genera by the following suite of black spotting on the limbs. characters: no pre-anal pores in males; vertical rostral S. jackyae sp. nov. is also characterised by having light crease is almost complete or complete, the body is of a orange spines on the lower back and tail, versus dark slight and slender build and there is a ventral stripe. orange spines on the back and tail in S. williamsi and S. Within Oedurella there are three subgenera. The nominate dannybrowni sp. nov.. subgenus Oedurella subgen. nov. is separated from the When all three species of adult size are lined up next to subgenus Graciledactylus gen. nov. by having a rostral one another, S. williamsi has noticeably larger coloured excluded from the nostril, versus one contacting the nostril spines on the body and tail. in the subgenus Graciledactylus gen. nov.. Both these S. williamsi has a reddish brown iris. By contrast both S. subgenera are separated from the subgenus jackyae sp. nov. and S. dannybrowni sp. nov.. have an Parvusdactylus subgen. nov. by having less than seven Hoser 2017 - Australasian Journal of Herpetology 34:36-56. Available online at www.herp.net Copyright- Kotabi Publishing - All rights reserved 44 Australasian Journal of Herpetology orange iris. As of 2017, Mark O’Shea still posting on Wikipedia as S. dannybrowni sp. nov. is differentiated from the other two “Papblak” still makes these ridiculous claims in order to species by having dense flecking on the forebody incite hatred against myself and the dedicated team at configured to form a reticulated pattern including two or Snakebusters Reptile Shows as part of his self-serving more wavy lines running anterior from the head. This is not anti-conservation agenda. seen in the other species. The dorsal pattern of S. williamsi The Wüster gang (of thieves and law-breakers) also create is generally grey, but dominated by scattered black spots. hatred against myself, my vulnerable young children and This is not the case in the other two species. others they seek to steal from as a basis to justify illegal In S. dannybrowni sp. nov. the dorsal pattern consists of theft of works that their gang of thieves rebadge as “new dark brown (as opposed to black) spots or flecks merging science”, published in predatory online PRINO (peer to form an indistinct reticulated pattern. The dorsal pattern reviewed in name only) journals like Zootaxa that the gang of S. jackyae sp. nov. is a combination of spots and flecks, have a despotic control over (Hoser 2015a-f). both black and greyish brown, forming both a spotted and STROPHURUS DANNYBROWNI SP. NOV. slightly reticulated pattern. Holotype: A preserved specimen in the Queensland The head of S. dannybrowni sp. nov. has an obvious Museum, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia, pattern, whereas this is not the case in S. jackyae sp. nov.. specimen number: J48398, collected at Townsville, Diagnostic information for both S. jackyae sp. nov., S. Queensland, Australia, Latitude -19.27 S., Longitude dannybrowni sp. nov. and S. williamsi treated as one 146.82 E. species (S. williamsi) is found on pages 343 and 344 of The Queensland Museum, Brisbane, Queensland, Cogger (2014). On page 344 of Cogger (2014) is depicted Australia Australia, is a government-owned facility that a photo of a typical S. williamsi showing the scattered well- allows access to its holdings. defined black spots on the toes, a feature that readily Paratypes: Two preserved specimens in the Queensland differentiates that taxon from S. jackyae sp. nov.. Museum, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia, Distribution: S. jackyae sp. nov. is found in the general region of the border of Victoria, South Australia and New Specimen numbers: J75529 and J75530, collected at South Wales. This population is divided in far western New Bluewater Creek Road, 2 km south-west of Bluewater, South Wales from the population of S. williamsi which is Queensland, Latitude -19.19 S., Longitude 146.54 E. found throughout most of north-west New South Wales and Diagnosis: Like the species Strophurus jackyae sp. nov., nearby Queensland, excluding the most arid areas, the S. dannybrowni sp. nov. has also until now been treated as wetter south-east and the region generally near Mackay, a regional population of the widespread species, Townsville and drier areas further north, where S. Strophurus williamsi (Kluge, 1963). dannybrowni sp. nov. occurs. S. dannybrowni sp. nov. is found in dry near coastal areas Etymology: Named in honour of my (now) 16 year old north of about Mackay in Queensland, including drier parts daughter, Jacky Hoser in recognition of a lifetime’s of Cape York. dedicated work in wildlife conservation. Strophurus jackyae sp. nov. is restricted to the Victorian May I add that the hate statements about her posted on Mallee and adjacent parts of South Australia and nearby Wikipedia by Mark O’Shea and others in the Wolfgang New South Wales. The type form of S. williamsi with a type Wüster gang (of thieves and law-breakers) stating as a locality of the Warrumbungle Ranges in New South Wales, “fact” that I killed my 10 Year old daughter are false (Wüster is found throughout north-west New South Wales and into et al. 2012). adjacent dry parts of south-east Queensland, Australia. Adelyn Hoser the subject of the original claim was 12 at the S. jackyae sp. nov. is readily separated from S. williamsi by time (but misreported in the media reports they incited as having few if any well defined black spots on the toes, being ten) and so it was then claimed by O’Shea and their versus a moderate to dense number in S. williamsi. gang that Jacky was the one killed, as she was in fact the S. dannybrowni sp. nov., previously regarded as the North ten year old daughter. Queensland population of S. williamsi also lacks prominent The claim that I had killed them was part of a concocted black spotting on the limbs. story that I (Raymond Hoser) had tested surgically S. jackyae sp. nov. is also characterised by having light devenomized snakes on her in 2011 and killed her. orange spines on the lower back and tail, versus dark The story was a complete fabrication by them which they orange spines on the back and tail in S. williamsi and S. peddled to a global audience, including on hate pages they dannybrowni sp. nov.. created on “Wikipedia”. When all three species of adult size are lined up next to They then put “robots” on the pages to ensure that the one another, S. williamsi has noticeably larger coloured obvious lies could not be corrected by anyone else. spines on the body and tail. Their associated claims that the devenomized (venomoid) S. williamsi has a reddish brown iris. By contrast both S. snakes had regenerated venom were also fabricated and jackyae sp. nov. and S. dannybrowni sp. nov.. have an found to be such in courts of law in 2012, 2013, 2014 orange iris. (twice) and 2015 (see Court of Appeal 2014 and VCAT S. dannybrowni sp. nov. is differentiated from the other two 2015). species by having dense flecking on the fore-body The claims of venom regeneration were also scientifically configured to form a reticulated pattern including two or disproven as far back as 2006, but that hasn’t stopped the more wavy lines running anterior from the head. This is not Wüster gang (of thieves and law-breakers) repeating the seen in the other species. The dorsal pattern of S. williamsi lies of venom regeneration beyond that time and including is generally grey, but dominated by scattered black spots. 2017. This is not the case in the other two species.

In S. dannybrowni sp. nov. the dorsal pattern consists of specimens, becoming plain grey with some indistinct flecks dark brown (as opposed to black) spots or flecks merging in adults. to form an indistinct reticulated pattern. The dorsal pattern S. gedyei sp. nov. has a lightish zig-zag running down the of S. jackyae sp. nov. is a combination of spots and flecks, back bounded by a line of closely placed black dots, versus both black and greyish brown, forming both a spotted and no such dots bordering the zig-zag in the northern slightly reticulated pattern. specimens (being S. krisalys). The head of S. dannybrowni sp. nov. has an obvious S. krisalys have significant patches of dark and light pattern, whereas this is not the case in S. jackyae sp. nov.. pigment on the head forming a well defined pattern, versus Diagnostic information for both S. jackyae sp. nov., S. a whitish head with numerous black specks in S. gedyei sp. dannybrowni sp. nov. and S. williamsi treated as one nov.. species (S. williamsi) is found on pages 343 and 344 of Original tails of S. krisalys are patterned with lightish beige Cogger (2014). On page 344 of Cogger (2014) is depicted blotches surrounded by darker grey pigment as roughly a photo of a typical S. williamsi showing the scattered well- 50:50 dark and light, versus a generally light grey tail in S. defined black spots on the toes, a feature that readily gedyei sp. nov. with joined blackish flecks forming broken differentiates that taxon from S. jackyae sp. nov.. and indistinct markings on the tail. Side by side, the tail Distribution: S. dannybrowni sp. nov. occurs in the region spines of S. krisalys are relatively larger and longer than of Queensland generally near Mackay, Townsville and drier seen in S. gedyei sp. nov. as depicted in the image at the areas further north. bottom right of page 344 of Brown (2014). S. jackyae sp. nov. is found in the general region of the Cogger (2014) at pages 337-338 provides a diagnosis of border of Victoria, South Australia and New South Wales. both species (separating them from congeners) as S. This population is divided in far western New South Wales krisalys. At the bottom of p. 337, Cogger (2014) provides from the population of S. williamsi which is found an image of an adult S. gedyei sp. nov., from Winton in throughout most of north-west New South Wales and Queensland. Brown (2014) at p. 355 provides an image of nearby Queensland, excluding the most arid areas and the a young S. krisalys from Lake Moondarah in Queensland wetter parts of the south-east. and S. gedyei sp. nov. from Croydon, Queensland, side by side, from which clear differences can be seen, including Etymology: Named in honour of Veterinary Surgeon, the somewhat larger and more prominent orange tubercles Danny Brown of Deception Bay Queensland, who over and more spinose tail in S. gedyei sp. nov.. some decades has published some of the most fantastic and in depth books on Australian reptiles and their captive Distribution: S. gedyei sp. nov. is found in the driest parts husbandry, many of which by any reasonable and objective of Western Queensland, generally south of Winton and analysis must be regarded as being “best in class”. almost as far south as the New South Wales border. STROPHURUS GEDYEI SP. NOV. S. krisalys is found generally north and west of here, commencing in a broad line from about Hughenden in the Holotype: A preserved specimen in the Australian east and Camooweal in the west and north to the Gulf of Museum in Sydney, New South Wales, Australia, Carpentaria and the drier parts of the western side of lower Specimen number: R.143866 collected at 27.8km south- Cape York. west of the Landsborough Highway on Boulia Rd, near Etymology: Named in honour of Andrew Gedye, formerly Winton, Queensland, Australia, Latitude -22.19 S., of Cheltenham, Victoria and now of the Cairns district in far Longitude 142.43 E. north Queensland, Australia, in recognition of many years The Australian Museum in Sydney, New South Wales, valuable work breeding rare and potentially threatened Australia, is a government-owned facility that allows access reptile species and for other important contributions to to its holdings. Australian herpetology. Paratype: 2/ A preserved specimen in the Australian STROPHURUS CHRISWILLIAMSI SP. NOV. Museum in Sydney, New South Wales, Australia Holotype: A preserved specimen at the Western Specimen number: R.143867 collected at 27.8km south- Australian Museum in Perth, Western Australia, Australia, west of the Landsborough Highway on Boulia Rd, near specimen number: R127476 collected at the Munjina Winton, Queensland, Australia, Latitude -22.19 S., Roadhouse, Western Australia, Australia, Latitude -22.55 Longitude 142.43 E. S., Longitude 118.65 E. Diagnosis: Until now, Strophurus gedyei sp. nov. has been The Western Australian Museum in Perth, Western treated as a southern population of the recently described Australia, Australia is a government-owned facility that species Strophurus krisalys Sadlier, Omeally and Shea, allows access to its holdings. 2005. However the differences between the nominate Paratype: A preserved specimen at the Western Australian population from further north and north-west and this newly Museum in Perth, Western Australia, Australia, specimen described taxon have been known for some time (see number: R127477 collected at the Munjina Roadhouse, Brown 2014, p. 344, in image at bottom right of the page, Western Australia, Australia, Latitude -22.55 S., Longitude who provides comparative photos of both taxa, listed as the 118.65 E. “northern” (nominate) and “southern” form), or the molecular results of Nielsen et al. (2016) as well as the Diagnosis: Strophurus chriswilliamsi sp. nov. has until now original molecular results of Sadlier, Omeally and Shea, been treated as a northern population of S. wellingtonae (2005). (Storr, 1988). S. krisalys is readily separated from S. gedyei sp. nov. by Strophurus chriswilliamsi sp. nov. is found in the Pilbara having an obviously mottled pattern on the limbs (front and region of Western Australia, whereas S. wellingtonae is back) versus none in S. krisalys. By contrast, the limbs in found in the drier areas to the south and south-west, S. gedyei sp. nov. are grey with black flecks in young excluding the far south and generally away from the coast. Hoser 2017 - Australasian Journal of Herpetology 34:36-56. Available online at www.herp.net Copyright- Kotabi Publishing - All rights reserved 46 Australasian Journal of Herpetology

Strophurus chriswilliamsi sp. nov. is characterised by grey pattern, especially on the upper flanks with dark having 15 or more orange spots in each of the two rows edged white patches obvious on the upper body in NSW (main row of spots) running down the back versus usually and nearby SA S. intermedius. less than 15 in S. wellingtonae. S. intermedius obscurum subsp. nov. is readily separated Strophurus chriswilliamsi sp. nov. is readily distinguished from all other S. intermedius (nominate form and S. from S. wellingtonae by having three rows of orange spines intermedius burrelli) by having a well defined dorsal pattern at base of the tail, or what can be described as odd spines consisting of a zig-zag light zone running down either side away from the two dorsal rows running from the base of the of the upper flanks, bounded by dark zoned pigment, with a tail to the end, versus only spines in 2 well defined rows in similar zig-zag running along the midline of the (original) S. wellingtonae and no odd spines away from these. These tail. S. intermedius obscurum subsp. nov. also has well descriptions are taken from “original” tails. marked limbs and toes, versus speckling on legs in S. Strophurus chriswilliamsi sp. nov. has little if any black jenandersonae sp. nov. from the Northern Territory and spotting on the snout, versus a lot of black spotting on the indistinct markings on legs in other forms (nominate form snout in S. wellingtonae. and S. intermedius burrelli). Distribution: Strophurus chriswilliamsi sp. nov. is found in For further diagnostic information separating S. intermedius the Pilbara region of Western Australia, whereas S. burrelli from S. intermedius intermedius, (the typical east wellingtonae is found in the drier areas to the south and Australian form, with which it is most similar and would south-west, excluding the far south and generally away otherwise key as on the basis of information herein) refer to from the coast. the original description in Hoser (2005). Etymology: Named in honour of Chris Williams of New Brown (2014) at p. 357 provides an image of S. South Wales, Australia who has worked at a live reptile jenandersonae sp. nov. from Alice Springs in the Northern sales business called “The Snake Ranch” and also Territory, identified as “Strophurus intermedius, Alice previously at Taronga Park Zoo in Sydney and also a past Springs, Northern Territory”. president of the Australian Herpetological Society in Distribution: S. jenandersonae sp. nov. is confined to the Sydney, in recognition of his contributions to herpetology in MacDonnell Ranges bioregion of the Northern Territory, Australia. Australia, more-or-less centred on the town of Alice STROPHURUS JENANDERSONAE SP. NOV. Springs. Holotype: A preserved specimen in the Northern Territory Etymology: Named in honour of Jen Anderson of Museum, Darwin, Northern Territory, Australia, specimen Ringwood, Victoria, Australia in recognition for her number: R17753, collected from Namatjira Drive, 2 km east excellent work with reptiles and wildlife conservation of the Ormiston Gorge turn off, Northern Territory (central through her ongoing services with Snakebusters: Australia), Australia, Latitude -23.68 S., Longitude 132.72 Australia’s best wildlife displays, being the only wildlife E. displays in Australia that let people hold the animals at our displays and/or without charging them an extortionate fee The Northern Territory Museum, Darwin, Northern Territory for the right to do so. Australia is a government-owned facility that allows access to its holdings. STROPHURUS INTERMEDIUS OBSCURUM SUBSP. NOV. Paratypes: 1/ A preserved specimen in the Northern Territory Museum, Darwin, Northern Territory, Australia, Holotype: A preserved specimen in the Western Australian specimen number: R21148 collected at Sadadeen, Alice Museum, Perth, Western Australia, Australia, specimen Springs, Northern Territory (central Australia), Australia, number: R157858 collected at the Balladonia Roadhouse, Latitude -23.70 S., Longitude 133.87 E. western side of the Nullarbor Plain, Western Australia, Latitude -32.28 S., Longitude 123.48 E. 2/ A preserved specimen in the Northern Territory Museum, Darwin, Northern Territory, Australia, specimen number: The Western Australian Museum, Perth, Western Australia, R00747, collected from 27 km north of Alice Springs, Australia is a government-owned facility that allows access Northern Territory (central Australia), Australia, Latitude - to its holdings. 23.43 S., Longitude 133.82 E. Paratypes: 1/ A preserved specimen in the Western Diagnosis: The species Strophurus jenandersonae sp. Australian Museum, Perth, Western Australia, Australia, nov. has until now been treated as a central Australian specimen number: R127888 collected at Arubiddy, population of S. intermedius, the species which it is clearly Western Australia, Australia, Latitude -31.48 S., Longitude most closely related to. 125.55 E. The diagnosis for S. intermedius at page 336 of Cogger 2/ A preserved specimen in the Western Australian (2014) applies to all of S. jenandersonae sp. nov. and S. Museum, Perth, Western Australia, Australia, specimen intermedius including all subspecies, these being S. number: R91350 collected 4 km south-west of Haig, intermedius burrelli Hoser, 2005 and S. intermedius Western Australia, Australia, Latitude -31.03 S., Longitude obscurum subsp. nov. as formally described and named in 126.05 E. this paper. Diagnosis: The subspecies Strophurus intermedius S. jenandersonae sp. nov. is readily separated from all obscurum subsp. nov. has until now been treated as a forms and subspecies of S. intermedius by the general western Australian population of S. intermedius, the taxon absence of an indistinct grey pattern on the body (as seen which it is clearly most closely related to. However it is in others from NSW and nearby SA) (nominate form and S. readily separated from that taxon (the nominate intermedius burrelli), instead being covered more-or-less subspecies) by morphological differences. evenly with dense grey flecks to give a greyish pattern only S. intermedius obscurum subsp. nov. is readily separated punctuated with light orange spines, versus an indistinct from all other S. intermedius (nominate form and S.

intermedius burrelli) by having a very well defined dorsal 139.54 E. pattern consisting of a zig-zag light zone running down The South Australian Museum, Adelaide, South Australia, either side of the upper flanks, bounded by dark zoned Australia is a government-owned facility that allows access pigment, with a similar zig-zag running along the midline of to its holdings. the (original) tail. S. intermedius obscurum subsp. nov. also Paratypes: 1/ A preserved specimen in the Queensland has well marked limbs and toes, versus speckling on legs Museum, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia, specimen in S. jenandersonae sp. nov. (described as a new species number: J89557, collected from 150 km South East of in this paper) from the Northern Territory and indistinct Mount Isa, Queensland, Latitude -21.94. S., Longitude markings on legs in other forms (nominate form and S. 140.45 E. intermedius burrelli). 2/ A preserved specimen in the Queensland Museum, For further diagnostic information separating S. intermedius Brisbane, Queensland, Australia, specimen number: burrelli from S. intermedius intermedius, (the typical east J39029 collected from 30.5 km east of Mount Isa, Australian form, with which it is most similar and would Queensland on the Barkly Highway, Latitude -20.72 S., otherwise key as on the basis of information herein) refer to Longitude 139.77 E. the original description in Hoser (2005). Diagnosis: Oedurella taeniata minima subsp. nov. has The diagnosis for S. intermedius at page 336 of Cogger until now been regarded as an eastern population of (2014) applies to all of S. jenandersonae sp. nov. and S. Oedurella taeniata Lönnberg and Andersson, 1913, the intermedius including all subspecies, these being S. type species for the genus and subgenus Oedurella intermedius burrelli Hoser, 2005 and S. intermedius Lönnberg and Andersson, 1913. Molecular evidence of obscurum subsp. nov. as formally described and named in Nielsen et al. (2016) places this eastern taxon at the cusp this paper. between species and subspecies and so it is herein S. jenandersonae sp. nov. is readily separated from all conservatively named and diagnosed at the subspecies forms and subspecies of S. intermedius by the general level. absence of an indistinct grey pattern on the body (as seen Oedurella taeniata from north-west Australia and in others from NSW and nearby SA) (nominate form and S. immediately adjacent parts of the north-west Northern intermedius burrelli), instead being covered more-or-less Territory, this being the nominate subspecies O. taeniata evenly with dense grey flecks to give a greyish pattern only taeniata is characterised by having two orange stripes punctuated with light orange spines, versus an indistinct down each side, versus at least one of these being yellow grey pattern, especially on the upper flanks with dark (usually both) in O. taeniata minima subsp. nov. from north- edged white patches obvious on the upper body in NSW west Queensland and the north-east of the Northern and nearby SA S. intermedius. Territory. S. intermedius obscurum subsp. nov. is also characterised There is usually some whitening of the pigment posterior to by a large whiteish triangle formed under the eye, between the eye in O. taeniata minima subsp. nov. that is not seen the eye and the labial line of the mouth as well as in O. taeniata taeniata.. extremely prominent dark and light markings on the upper parts of the head. These features are not seen in any of S. Both O. taeniata minima subsp. nov. and O. taeniata intermedius burrelli, S. intermedius intermedius or S. taeniata have some pattern or dark and light markings on jenandersonae sp. nov.. the limbs, but these are prominent in O. taeniata minima subsp. nov. and indistinct in O. taeniata taeniata. Storr, Smith and Johnstone (1990) at p. 72, image 3, have a photo of S. intermedius obscurum subsp. nov. identified O. taeniata minima subsp. nov. also has obvious dark as “Diplodactylus intermedius”. flecks on the forelimbs and these are not seen in O. taeniata taeniata. Distribution: S. intermedius obscurum subsp. nov. occurs in the general region west of about Kimba in South O. taeniata taeniata has an obvious black boundary on the Australia westwards across the Nullarbor into nearby parts dark side stripe which is either absent or barely visible in O. of southern Western Australia. taeniata minima subsp. nov.. S. intermedius burrelli appears to be restricted to the Yorke In O. taeniata minima subsp. nov. there are two semi- Peninsula in South Australia and immediately adjacent distinct whitish stripes that run into the eye from the snout areas and S. intermedius intermedius occurs in South (one on top of the eye and one to the lower eye) versus just Australia in the general region west of Whyalla, into one to the top of the eye in O. taeniata taeniata. northern western Victoria, most of New South Wales and Diagnosis for both taxa, treated as “Strophurus taeniatus” drier parts of far south-east Queensland. separating them from all other species in Strophurus as defined by Cogger (2014) is on pages 341 and 342 of S. jenandersonae sp. nov. is confined to the MacDonnell Cogger (2014). Ranges bioregion of the Northern Territory, Australia, more- or-less centred on the town of Alice Springs. On page 342 of Cogger (2014) and page 357 of Brown (2014) are images in life of typical O. taeniata minima Etymology: The name obscurum (Latin for hidden) reflects subsp. nov. showing yellow (not orange) side stripes on the the fact that this taxon has been effectively hidden from body and two white stripes running from the snout to the herpetologists as a unique biological entity until now. eye. OEDURELLA (OEDURELLA) TAENIATA MINIMA Distribution: Oedurella taeniata minima subsp. nov. is SUBSP. NOV. found in the Selwyn Range and nearby parts of Holotype: A preserved specimen in the South Australian Queensland and the Northern Territory extending to the Museum, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia, specimen eastern half of the top-end including the Arnhem Land number: R55298 collected from Phosphate Hill in North Escarpment. The nominate subspecies O. taeniata taeniata Queensland, Australia, Latitude -21.48 S., Longitude is confined to the Kimberley district of Western Australia

Hoser 2017 - Australasian Journal of Herpetology 34:36-56. Available online at www.herp.net Copyright- Kotabi Publishing - All rights reserved 48 Australasian Journal of Herpetology and nearby parts of the Northern Territory, including and nov. However overall, the general dorsal pattern of O. west of the Victoria River district. jamielindi sp. nov. is otherwise dull as for O. mcmillani. Etymology: Named after the Latin word “Minima” meaning The species O. sonnemanni sp. nov. known only from the very small, in reflection of the physical size of the taxon. Keep River drainage in the Northern Territory, immediately OEDURELLA (PARVUSDACTYLUS) ALBA SP. NOV. adjacent to the Western Australian border is separated from O. alba sp. nov., O. garystephensoni sp. nov., O. Holotype: A preserved specimen in the Western Australian jamielindi sp. nov., O. mcmillani (Storr, 1978), and O. Museum, Perth, Western Australia, Australia, specimen robinsoni (Smith, 1995) by its dorsal colouration, being number: R172333 collected at Theda Station, North essentially unmarked save for a single thin noticeable, but Kimberley, Western Australia, Australia, Latitude -14.81 S., very faded yellowish line running along the mid flank of the Longitude 126.51 E. body, and no other lines on the body or tail. The Western Australian Museum, Perth, Western Australia, All of O. alba sp. nov., O. garystephensoni sp. nov., O. Australia is a government-owned facility that allows access jamielindi sp. nov., and O. mcmillani (Storr, 1978) also have to its holdings. lateral running lines on either side of the tail, which is not Paratype: A preserved specimen in the Western Australian the case for O. sonnemanni sp. nov.. O. robinsoni differs Museum, Perth, Western Australia, Australia, specimen from the other species by having a general body colour of number: R57323 collected at the Old Theda Homestead, greyish or brownish with numerous tightly joined black North Kimberley, Western Australia, Australia, Latitude - flecks, forming a series of narrow reticulations or very thin 14.82 S., Longitude 126.72 E. lines running down the body with all adjoining areas being Diagnosis: Oedurella (Parvusdactylus) alba sp. nov. has of a similar greyish or brown colour, as opposed to being of until now been regarded as a population of the Oedurella different shades of brown in the other species forming (Parvusdactylus) mcmillani (Storr, 1978) or more recently dorsolateral lines). In the four species O. alba sp. nov., O. Oedurella (Parvusdactylus) robinsoni (Smith, 1995). garystephensoni sp. nov., O. jamielindi sp. nov., and O. Molecular evidence of Neilsen et al. (2016) indicates that mcmillani (Storr, 1978), any dark flecks forming lines or the divergence between this morphologically distinct boundaries, separate areas of pigment of different colour population and those from the type localities of each other giving the lizard a pattern of indistinct stripes. As species (and the others formally named in this paper) is mentioned already, dorsally at least O. sonnemanni sp. sufficient to warrant recognition at the species level. nov. is essentially unmarked, or any markings present are The subgenus Parvusdactylus subgen. nov. includes six extremely indistinct and barely noticeable, which is not the species, although until now, only two of these have been case in the four species O. alba sp. nov., O. generally recognized (Oedurella (Parvusdactylus) mcmillani garystephensoni sp. nov., O. jamielindi sp. nov., and O. (Storr, 1978) and Oedurella (Parvusdactylus) robinsoni mcmillani (Storr, 1978). (Smith, 1995)). The other four are formally described within In line with O. alba sp. nov., O. sonnemanni sp. nov. is this paper and have until now been treated as populations distinctive in the subgenus by having a well defined of one or other or sometimes both the other two species. boundary between the darker upper body and the light Therefore this diagnosis effectively separates out each venter at the lower flanks, as opposed to a gradual fading species from one another. in the other four species (O. garystephensoni sp. nov., O. O. alba sp. nov. from the area around Theda Station in the jamielindi sp. nov., O. mcmillani and O. robinsoni). North Kimberley in Western Australia, is readily separated Both O. robinsoni and O. sonnemani sp. nov. lack any well from O. mcmillani by the presence of four prominent rows defined head markings or a well defined temporal streak as of small black spots running from the snout to the eye, seen in the other four species in the subgenus. which is not seen in the nominate form (although The species O. garystephensoni sp. nov. from the southern sometimes appears as faint rows). O. alba sp. nov. is Kimberley District in Western Australia has been confused further differentiated by the presence of obvious specks on with both O. mcmillani and O. robinsoni, and is separated forelimbs versus none in O. mcmillani. from all five other species in the subgenus by its dorsal O. alba sp. nov. has a distinctive white stripe running from colouration and pattern, consisting of a semi-distinct the eye along the mid flank of either side of the body. Less pattern of longitudinal lines of similar brownish grey distinct longitudinal white stripes also run down the back. colours, with some black flecking and lines running down In O. mcmillani the white lateral stripe is yellowish brown in the tail (original tails). colour as opposed to white. O. alba sp. nov., O. jamielindi sp. nov. and O. mcmillani are In terms of dorsal pattern, O. alba sp. nov. is clearly the characterised by having limbs that have a semidistinct most brilliant and well-marked species in the subgenus. pattern of linked black flecks forming stripes running down The similar species O. jamielindi sp. nov. from Bigge the limbs. O. jamielindi sp. nov. and O. mcmillani also have Island, West Kimberley District, Australia, is readily black flecks separate from these scattered over the limbs. separated from the similar species O. alba sp. nov., O. O. garystephensoni sp. nov., O. robinsoni and O. garystephensoni sp. nov., O. mcmillani (Storr, 1978), O. sonnemani sp. nov. only have scattered black flecks on the robinsoni (Smith, 1995) and O. sonnemanni sp. nov. by the limbs. presence of a whitish line running from the eye to the tail The dorsal pattern of O. garystephensoni sp. nov. as just that is noticeably wider on the body than adjacent darker described, contrasts with the largely unmarked dorsum of (brownish) lines, versus same width or narrower, or absent O. sonnemani sp. nov., save for the indistinct stripe on the in all other species. flanks, and the one colour body of O. robinsoni overlain In contrast to O. mcmillani the relevant lateral stripe is with the joined black flecks forming a series of narrow thin bright and distinctive, as opposed to being faded, the bright blackish lines running down the body, but with all adjacent and distinct lateral stripe also being the case in O. alba sp. areas being effectively one colour.

Within Oedurella there are three subgenera. The nominate North Kimberley in Western Australia, is readily separated subgenus Oedurella subgen. nov. is separated from the from O. mcmillani by the presence of four prominent rows subgenus Graciledactylus subgen. nov. by having a rostral of small black spots running from the snout to the eye, excluded from the nostril, versus one contacting the nostril which is not seen in the nominate form (although in the subgenus Graciledactylus subgen. nov.. Both these sometimes appears as faint rows). O. alba sp. nov. is subgenera are separated from the subgenus further differentiated by the presence of obvious specks on Parvusdactylus subgen. nov. (including the six species in forelimbs versus none in O. mcmillani. this subgenus) by having less than seven scales O. alba sp. nov. has a distinctive white stripe running from surrounding the nostril, versus more than seven in the eye along the mid flank of either side of the body. Less Parvusdactylus subgen. nov.. distinct longitudinal white stripes also run down the back. The genus Oedurella Lönnberg and Andersson, 1913, has In O. mcmillani the white lateral stripe is yellowish brown in until now been treated by publishing authors as being a colour as opposed to white. synonym of Strophurus Fitzinger, 1843, even though In terms of dorsal pattern, O. alba sp. nov. is clearly the molecular data shows that the assemblage identified by most brilliant and well-marked species in the subgenus. this name is worthy of genus level recognition. Hence this The similar species O. jamielindi sp. nov. from Bigge diagnosis. Island, West Kimberley District, Australia, is readily The genus Oedurella Lönnberg and Andersson, 1913 is separated from the similar species O. alba sp. nov., O. separated from all species in other genera previously garystephensoni sp. nov., O. mcmillani (Storr, 1978), O. included within Strophurus, namely Strophurus, robinsoni (Smith, 1995) and O. sonnemanni sp. nov. by the Eremiastrophrurus Wells and Wellington, 1985 and presence of a whitish line running from the eye to the tail Adelyndactylus gen. nov. by the following suite of that is noticeably wider on the body than adjacent darker characters: No pre-anal pores in males; vertical rostral (brownish) lines, versus same width or narrower, or absent crease is almost complete or complete, the body is of a in all other species. slight and slender build, there is a ventral stripe. In contrast to O. mcmillani the relevant lateral stripe is Distribution: Oedurella (Parvusdactylus) alba sp. nov. is bright and distinctive, as opposed to being faded, the bright known only from the vicinity of Theda Station in the North and distinct lateral stripe also being the case in O. alba sp. Kimberley district of Western Australia. nov. However overall, the general dorsal pattern of O. Etymology: Named after the Latin word “Alba”, which jamielindi sp. nov. is otherwise dull as for O. mcmillani. means striped in reflection of the colouration of the taxon. The species O. sonnemanni sp. nov. known only from the OEDURELLA (PARVUSDACTYLUS) Keep River drainage in the Northern Territory, immediately GARYSTEPHENSONI SP. NOV. adjacent to the Western Australian border is separated Holotype: A preserved specimen in the Western Australian from O. alba sp. nov., O. garystephensoni sp. nov., O. Museum, Perth, Western Australia, Australia, specimen jamielindi sp. nov., O. mcmillani (Storr, 1978), and O. number: R172795 collected at Manning Gorge, on Mount robinsoni (Smith, 1995) by its dorsal colouration, being Barnett Station, Kimberley District, Western Australia, essentially unmarked save for a single thin noticeable, but Australia, Latitude -16.39 S., Longitude 125.55 E. very faded yellowish line running along the mid flank of the body, and no other lines on the body or tail. The Western Australian Museum, Perth, Western Australia, Australia is a government-owned facility that allows access All of O. alba sp. nov., O. garystephensoni sp. nov., O. to its holdings. jamielindi sp. nov., and O. mcmillani (Storr, 1978) also have lateral running lines on either side of the tail, which is not Paratype: A preserved specimen in the Western Australian the case for O. sonnemanni sp. nov.. O. robinsoni differs Museum, Perth, Western Australia, Australia, specimen from the other species by having a general body colour of number: R172855 collected at Manning Gorge, South-west greyish or brownish with numerous tightly joined black Kimberley District, Western Australia, Australia, Latitude - flecks, forming a series of narrow reticulations or very thin 16.39 S., Longitude 125.55 E. lines running down the body with all adjoining areas being Diagnosis: Oedurella (Parvusdactylus) garystephensoni of a similar greyish or brown colour, as opposed to being of sp. nov. has until now been regarded as a population of the different shades of brown in the other species forming Oedurella (Parvusdactylus) mcmillani (Storr, 1978) or more dorsolateral lines). In the four species O. alba sp. nov., O. recently Oedurella (Parvusdactylus) robinsoni (Smith, garystephensoni sp. nov., O. jamielindi sp. nov., and O. 1995). Molecular evidence of Neilsen et al. (2016) indicates mcmillani (Storr, 1978), any dark flecks forming lines or that the divergence between this morphologically distinct boundaries, separate areas of pigment of different colour population and those from the type localities of each other giving the lizard a pattern of indistinct stripes. As species (and the others formally named in this paper) is mentioned already, dorsally at least O. sonnemanni sp. sufficient to warrant recognition at the species level. nov. is essentially unmarked, or any markings present are The subgenus Parvusdactylus subgen. nov. includes six extremely indistinct and barely noticeable, which is not the species, although until now, only two of these have been case in the four species O. alba sp. nov., O. generally recognized (Oedurella (Parvusdactylus) mcmillani garystephensoni sp. nov., O. jamielindi sp. nov., and O. (Storr, 1978) and Oedurella (Parvusdactylus) robinsoni mcmillani (Storr, 1978). (Smith, 1995)). The other four are formally described within In line with O. alba sp. nov., O. sonnemanni sp. nov. is this paper and have until now been treated as populations distinctive in the subgenus by having a well defined of one or other or sometimes both the other two species. boundary between the darker upper body and the light Therefore this diagnosis effectively separates out each venter at the lower flanks, as opposed to a gradual fading species from one another. in the other four species (O. garystephensoni sp. nov., O. O. alba sp. nov. from the area around Theda Station in the jamielindi sp. nov., O. mcmillani and O. robinsoni).

Both O. robinsoni and O. sonnemani sp. nov. lack any well His home was raided in the 1970’s and 1980’s and he was defined head markings or a well defined temporal streak as treated as a criminal by thug wildlife officers, who were in seen in the other four species in the subgenus. the main disgraced ex-cops. The species O. garystephensoni sp. nov. from the southern This effectively ended his pursuit of an academic career in Kimberley District in Western Australia has been confused herpetology, much to the detriment of wildlife conservation with both O. mcmillani and O. robinsoni, and is separated in Australia. from all five other species in the subgenus by its dorsal OEDURELLA (PARVUSDACTYLUS) JAMIELINDI SP. colouration and pattern, consisting of a semi-distinct NOV. pattern of longitudinal lines of similar brownish grey Holotype: A preserved specimen in the Western Australian colours, with some black flecking and lines running down Museum, Perth, Western Australia, Australia, specimen the tail (original tails). number: R168892 collected at Bigge Island, Kimberley O. alba sp. nov., O. jamielindi sp. nov. and O. mcmillani are District, Western Australia, Australia, Latitude -14.60 S., characterised by having limbs that have a semidistinct Longitude 125.17 E. pattern of linked black flecks forming stripes running down The Western Australian Museum, Perth, Western Australia, the limbs. O. jamielindi sp. nov. and O. mcmillani also have Australia is a government-owned facility that allows access black flecks separate from these scattered over the limbs. to its holdings. O. garystephensoni sp. nov., O. robinsoni and O. Diagnosis: Oedurella (Parvusdactylus) jamielindi sp. nov. sonnemani sp. nov. only have scattered black flecks on the has until now been regarded as a population of Oedurella limbs. (Parvusdactylus) mcmillani (Storr, 1978). Molecular The dorsal pattern of O. garystephensoni sp. nov. as just evidence of Neilsen et al. (2016) indicates that the described, contrasts with the largely unmarked dorsum of divergence between this morphologically distinct population O. sonnemani sp. nov., save for the indistinct stripe on the and those from the type localities of other species in the flanks, and the one colour body of O. robinsoni overlain subgenus (and the others formally named in this paper) is with the joined black flecks forming a series of narrow thin sufficient to warrant recognition at the species level. blackish lines running down the body, but with all adjacent The subgenus Parvusdactylus subgen. nov. includes six areas being effectively one colour. species, although until now, only two of these have been Within Oedurella there are three subgenera. The nominate generally recognized (Oedurella (Parvusdactylus) mcmillani subgenus Oedurella subgen. nov. is separated from the (Storr, 1978) and Oedurella (Parvusdactylus) robinsoni subgenus Graciledactylus subgen. nov. by having a rostral (Smith, 1995)). The other four are formally described within excluded from the nostril, versus one contacting the nostril this paper and have until now been treated as populations in the subgenus Graciledactylus subgen. nov.. Both these of one or other or sometimes both the other two species. subgenera are separated from the subgenus Therefore this diagnosis effectively separates out each Parvusdactylus subgen. nov. (including the six species in species from one another. this subgenus) by having less than seven scales O. alba sp. nov. from the area around Theda Station in the surrounding the nostril, versus more than seven in North Kimberley in Western Australia, is readily separated Parvusdactylus subgen. nov.. from O. mcmillani by the presence of four prominent rows The genus Oedurella Lönnberg and Andersson, 1913, has of small black spots running from the snout to the eye, until now been treated by publishing authors as being a which is not seen in the nominate form (although synonym of Strophurus Fitzinger, 1843, even though sometimes appears as faint rows). O. alba sp. nov. is molecular data shows that the assemblage identified by further differentiated by the presence of obvious specks on this name is worthy of genus level recognition. Hence this forelimbs versus none in O. mcmillani. diagnosis. O. alba sp. nov. has a distinctive white stripe running from The genus Oedurella Lönnberg and Andersson, 1913 is the eye along the mid flank of either side of the body. Less separated from all species in other genera previously distinct longitudinal white stripes also run down the back. included within Strophurus, namely Strophurus, In O. mcmillani the white lateral stripe is yellowish brown in Eremiastrophrurus Wells and Wellington, 1985 and colour as opposed to white. Adelyndactylus gen. nov. by the following suite of In terms of dorsal pattern, O. alba sp. nov. is clearly the characters: No pre-anal pores in males; vertical rostral most brilliant and well-marked species in the subgenus. crease is almost complete or complete, the body is of a slight and slender build, there is a ventral stripe. The similar species O. jamielindi sp. nov. from Bigge Island, West Kimberley District, Australia, is readily Distribution: Oedurella (Parvusdactylus) garystephensoni separated from the similar species O. alba sp. nov., O. sp. nov. is known only from the vicinity of the type locality in garystephensoni sp. nov., O. mcmillani (Storr, 1978), O. the south-west Kimberley district of Western Australia robinsoni (Smith, 1995) and O. sonnemanni sp. nov. by the including at least one immediately adjacent offshore island. presence of a whitish line running from the eye to the tail Etymology: Named in honour of Gary Stephenson, that is noticeably wider on the body than adjacent darker originally from Bondi Junction in Sydney, New South (brownish) lines, versus same width or narrower, or absent Wales, Australia in recognition of a lifelong contribution to in all other species. herpetology in Australia. In contrast to O. mcmillani the relevant lateral stripe is When reptiles were effectively “banned” by the New South bright and distinctive, as opposed to being faded, the bright Wales government entities, the National Parks and Wildlife and distinct lateral stripe also being the case in O. alba sp. Service (NPWS) and their business entity, Taronga Zoo, in nov. However overall, the general dorsal pattern of O. the 1970’s Gary Stephenson was one of the first jamielindi sp. nov. is otherwise dull as for O. mcmillani. casualties. The species O. sonnemanni sp. nov. known only from the

Keep River drainage in the Northern Territory, immediately excluded from the nostril, versus one contacting the nostril adjacent to the Western Australian border is separated in the subgenus Graciledactylus subgen. nov.. Both these from O. alba sp. nov., O. garystephensoni sp. nov., O. subgenera are separated from the subgenus jamielindi sp. nov., O. mcmillani (Storr, 1978), and O. Parvusdactylus subgen. nov. (including the six species in robinsoni (Smith, 1995) by its dorsal colouration, being this subgenus) by having less than seven scales essentially unmarked save for a single thin noticeable, but surrounding the nostril, versus more than seven in very faded yellowish line running along the mid flank of the Parvusdactylus subgen. nov.. body, and no other lines on the body or tail. The genus Oedurella Lönnberg and Andersson, 1913, has All of O. alba sp. nov., O. garystephensoni sp. nov., O. until now been treated by publishing authors as being a jamielindi sp. nov., and O. mcmillani (Storr, 1978) also have synonym of Strophurus Fitzinger, 1843, even though lateral running lines on either side of the tail, which is not molecular data shows that the assemblage identified by the case for O. sonnemanni sp. nov.. O. robinsoni differs this name is worthy of genus level recognition. Hence this from the other species by having a general body colour of diagnosis. greyish or brownish with numerous tightly joined black The genus Oedurella Lönnberg and Andersson, 1913 is flecks, forming a series of narrow reticulations or very thin separated from all species in other genera previously lines running down the body with all adjoining areas being included within Strophurus, namely Strophurus, of a similar greyish or brown colour, as opposed to being of Eremiastrophrurus Wells and Wellington, 1985 and different shades of brown in the other species forming Adelyndactylus gen. nov. by the following suite of dorsolateral lines). In the four species O. alba sp. nov., O. characters: No pre-anal pores in males; vertical rostral garystephensoni sp. nov., O. jamielindi sp. nov., and O. crease is almost complete or complete, the body is of a mcmillani (Storr, 1978), any dark flecks forming lines or slight and slender build, there is a ventral stripe. boundaries, separate areas of pigment of different colour Distribution: Oedurella (Parvusdactylus) jamielindi sp. giving the lizard a pattern of indistinct stripes. As nov. is known only from Bigge Island in the Kimberley mentioned already, dorsally at least O. sonnemanni sp. district of Western Australia and the immediately adjacent nov. is essentially unmarked, or any markings present are mainland. extremely indistinct and barely noticeable, which is not the case in the four species O. alba sp. nov., O. Etymology: Named in honour of Jamie Lind of Ararat, garystephensoni sp. nov., O. jamielindi sp. nov., and O. Victoria, who does wildlife displays under the moniker of mcmillani (Storr, 1978). Jamie and Kim’s Mobile Zoo, whose educational wildlife displays have aided in public awareness and conservation In line with O. alba sp. nov., O. sonnemanni sp. nov. is of native animals. distinctive in the subgenus by having a well defined boundary between the darker upper body and the light OEDURELLA (PARVUSDACTYLUS) SONNEMANNI SP. venter at the lower flanks, as opposed to a gradual fading NOV. in the other four species (O. garystephensoni sp. nov., O. Holotype: A preserved specimen in the Western Australian jamielindi sp. nov., O. mcmillani and O. robinsoni). Museum, Perth, Western Australia, Australia, specimen Both O. robinsoni and O. sonnemani sp. nov. lack any well number: R67960 collected at “7 km 143 Degree Mount defined head markings or a well defined temporal streak as Septimus” (Keep River area), Northern Territory, about 30 seen in the other four species in the subgenus. km east of Kunnunurra, Western Australia, Australia, Latitude -15.77 S., Longitude 129.02 E. The species O. garystephensoni sp. nov. from the southern Kimberley District in Western Australia has been confused The Western Australian Museum, Perth, Western Australia, with both O. mcmillani and O. robinsoni, and is separated Australia is a government-owned facility that allows access from all five other species in the subgenus by its dorsal to its holdings. colouration and pattern, consisting of a semi-distinct Diagnosis: Oedurella (Parvusdactylus) sonnemanni sp. pattern of longitudinal lines of similar brownish grey nov. has until now been regarded as a population of colours, with some black flecking and lines running down Oedurella (Parvusdactylus) robinsoni (Smith, 1995) or the tail (original tails). Oedurella (Parvusdactylus) mcmillani (Storr, 1978). O. alba sp. nov., O. jamielindi sp. nov. and O. mcmillani are Molecular evidence of Neilsen et al. (2016) indicates that characterised by having limbs that have a semidistinct the divergence between this morphologically distinct pattern of linked black flecks forming stripes running down population and those from the type localities of other the limbs. O. jamielindi sp. nov. and O. mcmillani also have species in the subgenus (and the others formally named in black flecks separate from these scattered over the limbs. this paper) is sufficient to warrant recognition at the species level. O. garystephensoni sp. nov., O. robinsoni and O. sonnemani sp. nov. only have scattered black flecks on the The subgenus Parvusdactylus subgen. nov. includes six limbs. species, although until now, only two of these have been generally recognized (Oedurella (Parvusdactylus) mcmillani The dorsal pattern of O. garystephensoni sp. nov. as just (Storr, 1978) and Oedurella (Parvusdactylus) robinsoni described, contrasts with the largely unmarked dorsum of (Smith, 1995)). The other four are formally described within O. sonnemani sp. nov., save for the indistinct stripe on the this paper and have until now been treated as populations flanks, and the one colour body of O. robinsoni overlain of one or other or sometimes both the other two species. with the joined black flecks forming a series of narrow thin Therefore this diagnosis effectively separates out each blackish lines running down the body, but with all adjacent species from one another. areas being effectively one colour. O. alba sp. nov. from the area around Theda Station in the Within Oedurella there are three subgenera. The nominate North Kimberley in Western Australia, is readily separated subgenus Oedurella subgen. nov. is separated from the from O. mcmillani by the presence of four prominent rows subgenus Graciledactylus subgen. nov. by having a rostral

Hoser 2017 - Australasian Journal of Herpetology 34:36-56. Available online at www.herp.net Copyright- Kotabi Publishing - All rights reserved 52 Australasian Journal of Herpetology of small black spots running from the snout to the eye, seen in the other four species in the subgenus. which is not seen in the nominate form (although The species O. garystephensoni sp. nov. from the southern sometimes appears as faint rows). O. alba sp. nov. is Kimberley District in Western Australia has been confused further differentiated by the presence of obvious specks on with both O. mcmillani and O. robinsoni, and is separated forelimbs versus none in O. mcmillani. from all five other species in the subgenus by its dorsal O. alba sp. nov. has a distinctive white stripe running from colouration and pattern, consisting of a semi-distinct the eye along the mid flank of either side of the body. Less pattern of longitudinal lines of similar brownish grey distinct longitudinal white stripes also run down the back. colours, with some black flecking and lines running down In O. mcmillani the white lateral stripe is yellowish brown in the tail (original tails). colour as opposed to white. O. alba sp. nov., O. jamielindi sp. nov. and O. mcmillani are In terms of dorsal pattern, O. alba sp. nov. is clearly the characterised by having limbs that have a semidistinct most brilliant and well-marked species in the subgenus. pattern of linked black flecks forming stripes running down The similar species O. jamielindi sp. nov. from Bigge the limbs. O. jamielindi sp. nov. and O. mcmillani also have Island, West Kimberley District, Australia, is readily black flecks separate from these scattered over the limbs. separated from the similar species O. alba sp. nov., O. O. garystephensoni sp. nov., O. robinsoni and O. garystephensoni sp. nov., O. mcmillani (Storr, 1978), O. sonnemani sp. nov. only have scattered black flecks on the robinsoni (Smith, 1995) and O. sonnemanni sp. nov. by the limbs. presence of a whitish line running from the eye to the tail The dorsal pattern of O. garystephensoni sp. nov. as just that is noticeably wider on the body than adjacent darker described, contrasts with the largely unmarked dorsum of (brownish) lines, versus same width or narrower, or absent O. sonnemani sp. nov., save for the indistinct stripe on the in all other species. flanks, and the one colour body of O. robinsoni overlain In contrast to O. mcmillani the relevant lateral stripe is with the joined black flecks forming a series of narrow thin bright and distinctive, as opposed to being faded, the bright blackish lines running down the body, but with all adjacent and distinct lateral stripe also being the case in O. alba sp. areas being effectively one colour. nov. However overall, the general dorsal pattern of O. Within Oedurella there are three subgenera. The nominate jamielindi sp. nov. is otherwise dull as for O. mcmillani. subgenus Oedurella subgen. nov. is separated from the The species O. sonnemanni sp. nov. known only from the subgenus Graciledactylus subgen. nov. by having a rostral Keep River drainage in the Northern Territory, immediately excluded from the nostril, versus one contacting the nostril adjacent to the Western Australian border is separated in the subgenus Graciledactylus subgen. nov.. Both these from O. alba sp. nov., O. garystephensoni sp. nov., O. subgenera are separated from the subgenus jamielindi sp. nov., O. mcmillani (Storr, 1978), and O. Parvusdactylus subgen. nov. (including the six species in robinsoni (Smith, 1995) by its dorsal colouration, being this subgenus) by having less than seven scales essentially unmarked save for a single thin noticeable, but surrounding the nostril, versus more than seven in very faded yellowish line running along the mid flank of the Parvusdactylus subgen. nov.. body, and no other lines on the body or tail. The genus Oedurella Lönnberg and Andersson, 1913, has All of O. alba sp. nov., O. garystephensoni sp. nov., O. until now been treated by publishing authors as being a jamielindi sp. nov., and O. mcmillani (Storr, 1978) also have synonym of Strophurus Fitzinger, 1843, even though lateral running lines on either side of the tail, which is not molecular data shows that the assemblage identified by the case for O. sonnemanni sp. nov.. O. robinsoni differs this name is worthy of genus level recognition. Hence this from the other species by having a general body colour of diagnosis. greyish or brownish with numerous tightly joined black The genus Oedurella Lönnberg and Andersson, 1913 is flecks, forming a series of narrow reticulations or very thin separated from all species in other genera previously lines running down the body with all adjoining areas being included within Strophurus, namely Strophurus, of a similar greyish or brown colour, as opposed to being of Eremiastrophrurus Wells and Wellington, 1985 and different shades of brown in the other species forming Adelyndactylus gen. nov. by the following suite of dorsolateral lines). In the four species O. alba sp. nov., O. characters: No pre-anal pores in males; vertical rostral garystephensoni sp. nov., O. jamielindi sp. nov., and O. crease is almost complete or complete, the body is of a mcmillani (Storr, 1978), any dark flecks forming lines or slight and slender build, there is a ventral stripe. boundaries, separate areas of pigment of different colour Distribution: The species O. sonnemanni sp. nov. is giving the lizard a pattern of indistinct stripes. As known only from the type locality, being the Keep River mentioned already, dorsally at least O. sonnemanni sp. drainage in the Northern Territory, immediately adjacent to nov. is essentially unmarked, or any markings present are the Western Australian border, about 30 km east of extremely indistinct and barely noticeable, which is not the Kunnunurra, East Kimberley District, Western Australia. case in the four species O. alba sp. nov., O. garystephensoni sp. nov., O. jamielindi sp. nov., and O. Etymology: Named in honour of Neil Sonnemann of mcmillani (Storr, 1978). Murmungee, south of Beechworth in North-east Victoria, in recognition of a lifetime’s dedicated work in herpetology in In line with O. alba sp. nov., O. sonnemanni sp. nov. is Australia. While he is best known for his fantastic captive distinctive in the subgenus by having a well defined breeding of rare and sought after reptiles for the pet trade boundary between the darker upper body and the light over many decades, he has also conducted significantly venter at the lower flanks, as opposed to a gradual fading important fieldwork on numerous little-known reptile in the other four species (O. garystephensoni sp. nov., O. species, including on this very taxon. jamielindi sp. nov., O. mcmillani and O. robinsoni). REFERENCES CITED Both O. robinsoni and O. sonnemani sp. nov. lack any well defined head markings or a well defined temporal streak as Andrews, R. M., Brandley, M. C. and Greene, V. W. 2013.

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Australian Government Publishing Service, Queensland Incorporated:Spring:14-15. Canberra, ACT, Australia:313 pp. Hoser, R. T. 2007. Wells and Wellington - It’s time to bury Colgan, D. J., O’Meally, D. and Sadlier, R. A. 2009. the hatchet! Calodema (Supplementary Paper No. 1):1-9 Phylogeographic patterns in reptiles on the New England on 5 April. Tablelands at the south-western boundary of the McPherson Macleay Overlap. Australian Journal of Hoser, R. T. 2015a. Dealing with the “truth haters” ... a Zoology 57:317-328. summary! Introduction to Issues 25 and 26 of Court of Appeal Victoria 2014. Hoser v Department of Australasian Journal of Herpetology. Including “A timeline Sustainability and Environment [2014] VSCA 206 (5 of relevant key publishing and other events relevant to September 2014). Wolfgang Wüster and his gang of thieves.” and a “Synonyms list”. Australasian Journal of Herpetology 25:3- Covacevich, J. A., Couper, P.J. and McDonald, K. R. 1998. 13. Reptile diversity at risk in the Brigalow Belt, Queensland. Memoirs of the Queensland Museum 42(2):475-486. Hoser, R. T. 2015b. The Wüster gang and their proposed “Taxon Filter”: How they are knowingly publishing false De Vis, C. W. 1886. On certain geckos in the Queensland information, recklessly engaging in taxonomic vandalism Museum. Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New and directly attacking the rules and stability of zoological South Wales (2)1(I):168-170. nomenclature. Australasian Journal of Herpetology 25:14- Doody, J. S., James, H., Dunlop, D., D’Amore, D., Edgar, 38. M., Fidel, M., Meadows, D., Walmsley, C. W., Clulow, S. Hoser, R. T. 2015c. Best Practices in herpetology: Hinrich and McHenry, C. 2013. Strophurus ciliaris (northern spiny- Kaiser’s claims are unsubstantiated. Australasian Journal tailed gecko) communal nesting. Herpetological Review Hoser 2017 - Australasian Journal of Herpetology 34:36-56. 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Comparative (genera Diplodactylus and Lerista). Records of the Western ecology of twelve species of nocturnal lizards (Gekkonidae) Australian Museum 11(1):59-62. in the western Australian desert. Copeia 1976(1):125-142. Storr, G. M. 1988a. The Diplodactylus ciliaris complex Pianka, E. R. and Vitt, L.J. 2003. Lizards - Windows to the (Lacertilia: Gekkonidae) in Western Australia. Records of Evolution of Diversity. University of California Press, the Western Australian Museum 14:121-133. Berkeley, USA:347 pp. Storr, G. M. 1988b. The subspecies of Diplodactylus Porter, R. 2001. Captive Maintenance and Breeding of the spinigerus (Lacertilia: Gekkonidae). Records of the Golden-tailed Gecko Diplodactylus taenicauda. Gekko Western Australian Museum 14:177-182. 2(1):2-5. Storr, G. M. 1988c. A new species of Diplodactylus Porter, R. 2002. The Fringe-toed Velvet Gecko, Oedura (Lacertilia: Gekkonidae) from northern Australia. Records filicipoda King, 1984- Some Notes on its Natural History of the Western Australian Museum 14:183-187. and the First Recorded Details of its Captive Maintenance Storr, G. M., Smith, L. A. and Johnstone, R. E. 1990. and Breeding. Gekko 3(2):9-16. Lizards of Western Australia 3. Geckoes and Pygopods. Ride, W. D. L. (ed.) et al. (on behalf of the International Western Australian Museum, Perth, Western Australia, Commission on Zoological Nomenclature) 1999. Australia:141 pp. International code of Zoological Nomenclature (Fourth Tremper Jr, P. A. 1999. Captive Husbandry and edition). The Natural History Museum - Cromwell Road, Propagation of the Australian Eyelash Gecko Diplodactylus London SW7 5BD, UK (also commonly cited as “The ciliaris ciliaris. Gekko 1(1):10-15. Rules”, “Zoological Rules” or “ICZN 1999”). Vanderduys, E. 2016. A new species of gecko (Squamata: Rosauer, D. F., Blom, M. P. K., Bourke, G., Catalano, S., Diplodactylidae: Strophurus) from north Queensland, Donnellan, S., Gillespie, G., Mulder, E., Oliver, P. M., Potter, Australia. Zootaxa (online publication) 4117(3):341-358. S., Pratt, R., Rabosky, D. L., Skipworth, P. L. and Moritz, C. 2016. Phylogeography, hotspots and conservation Victorian Civil and Administrative Tribunal (VCAT). 2015. priorities: An example from the Top End of Australia. Hoser v Department of Environment Land Water and Biological Conservation, doi:10.1016/j.biocon.2016.05.002 Planning (Review and Regulation) [2015] VCAT 1147 (30 pp. 1-11 (online with stamp “ARTICLE IN PRESS”). July 2015, judgment and transcript). Rosenberg, H. I. and Russell, A. P. 1980. Structural and Wellington, R. 2016. Acanthophis cryptamydros Maddock, functional aspects of tail squirting: A unique defense Ellis, Doughty, Smith & Wüster, 2015 is an invalid junior mechanism of Diplodactylus (Reptilia: Gekkonidae). synonym of Acanthophis lancasteri Wells & Wellington, Canadian Journal of Zoology 58(5):865-881. 1985 (Squamata, Elapidae). Bionomina 10(1). Rösler, H. 1995. Geckos der Welt - Alle Gattungen. Urania, Wells, R. W. and Wellington, C. R. 1984. A synopsis of the Leipzig:256 pp. class Reptilia in Australia. Australian Journal of Herpetology, 1(3-4):73-129. Rösler, H. 2000a. Kommentierte Liste der rezent, subrezent und fossil bekannten Geckotaxa (Reptilia: Wells, R. W. and Wellington, C. R. 1985. A classification of Gekkonomorpha). Gekkota 2:28-153. the Amphibia and Reptilia of Australia. Australian Journal of Herpetology Supplementary Series 1:1-61. Rösler, H. 2000b. Studien an den Begattungsorganen der Geckos (Reptilia: Gekkota) - 3. Die Hemipenismorphologie Werner, F. 1910. Reptilia (Geckonidae und Scincidae). In: von Arten der Gattungen Hoplodactylus FITZINGER 1843, Michaelsen, W. and Hartmeyer, R. Die Fauna Südwest- Naultinus GRAY 1842, Oedura GRAY 1842, Rhacodactylus Australiens. Vol. 2. G. Fischer, Jena, pp. 451-493. FITZINGER 1843 und Strophurus FITZINGER 1843. Wilson, S. K. and Knowles, D. G. 1988. Australia’s Gekkota 2:220-248. Reptiles: A Photographic Reference to the Terrestrial Sadlier, R. A., Omeally, D. and Shea, G. M. 2005. A new Reptiles of Australia. Cornstalk Publishing, Pymble, NSW, Australia:447 pp. Hoser 2017 - Australasian Journal of Herpetology 34:36-56. Available online at www.herp.net Copyright- Kotabi Publishing - All rights reserved 56 Australasian Journal of Herpetology

Wilson, S. and Swan, G. 2010. A complete guide to reptiles 2012. Wikipedia Page “Raymond Hoser” as amended in of Australia, Third edition. New Holland, Chatswood, 2012, online at: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ NSW:558 pp. Raymond_Hoser (and blocked from independent edits by a Wilson, S. and Swan, G. 2013. A complete guide to reptiles “robot” they have placed on the page to maintain of Australia, Fourth edition. New Holland, Chatswood, statements known to be false). NSW, Australia: 592 pp. CONFLICT OF INTEREST Wüster, W. (user Mokele), O’Shea, M. (user PapBlak) et al. The author has no known conflicts of interest in terms of this paper and conclusions within.

NEW ARRANGEMENT FOR THE SPECIES FORMERLY PLACED WITHIN STROPHURUS FITZINGER, 1843

Genus Strophurus Fitzinger, 1843 Genus Oedurella Lönnberg and Strophurus strophurus (Duméril and Bibron, Andersson, 1913 1836) (Type species) Oedurella taeniata Lönnberg and Andersson, Strophurus aberrans (Glauert, 1952) 1913 (Type species) Strophurus albiocularis Brown, Worthington, Oedurella horneri (Oliver and Parkin, 2014) Wilmer and Macdonald, 2012 Subgenus Graciledactylus gen. nov. Strophurus assimilis (Storr, 1988) Strophurus ciliaris (Boulenger, 1885) Oedurella (Graciledactylus) jeanae (Storr, 1988) Strophurus chriswilliamsi sp. nov. Subgenus Parvusdactylus gen. nov. Strophurus congoo Vanderduys, 2016 Oedurella (Parvusdactylus) alba sp. nov. (Type Strophurus dannybrowni sp. nov. species) Strophurus jackyae sp. nov. Oedurella (Parvusdactylus) garystephensoni sp. Strophurus jenandersonae sp. nov. nov. Strophurus gedyei sp. nov. Oedurella (Parvusdactylus) jamielindi sp. nov. Strophurus intermedius (Ogilby, 1892) Oedurella (Parvusdactylus) mcmillani (Storr, Strophurus krisalys Sadlier, Omeally and Shea, 1978) 2005 Oedurella (Parvusdactylus) robinsoni (Smith, Strophurus rankini (Storr, 1979) 1995) Strophurus spinigerus (Gray, 1842) Oedurella (Parvusdactylus) sonnemanni sp. Strophurus taenicauda (De Vis, 1886) nov. Strophurus triaureus Brown, Worthington, Wilmer and Macdonald, 2012. Strophurus wellingtonae (Storr, 1988) Genus Adelyndactylus gen. nov. Strophurus williamsi (Kluge, 1963) Adelyndactylus wilsoni (Storr, 1983) (Monotypic)

Genus Eremiastrophrurus Wells and Wellington, 1985. Eremiastrophrurus elderi (Stirling and Zeitz, 1893) (Type species) Eremiastrophrurus mahoodi Wells and Wellington, 1985. Eremiastrophrurus michaelseni (Werner, 1910)