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Case Studies CHILDREN AND FAMILIES The RAND Corporation is a nonprofit institution that helps improve policy and EDUCATION AND THE ARTS decisionmaking through research and analysis. ENERGY AND ENVIRONMENT HEALTH AND HEALTH CARE This electronic document was made available from www.rand.org as a public INFRASTRUCTURE AND service of the RAND Corporation. TRANSPORTATION INTERNATIONAL AFFAIRS LAW AND BUSINESS NATIONAL SECURITY Skip all front matter: Jump to Page 16 POPULATION AND AGING PUBLIC SAFETY SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY Support RAND TERRORISM AND Browse Reports & Bookstore HOMELAND SECURITY Make a charitable contribution For More Information Visit RAND at www.rand.org Explore RAND Europe View document details Limited Electronic Distribution Rights This document and trademark(s) contained herein are protected by law as indicated in a notice appearing later in this work. This electronic representation of RAND intellectual property is provided for non-commercial use only. Unauthorized posting of RAND electronic documents to a non-RAND Web site is prohibited. RAND electronic documents are protected under copyright law. Permission is required from RAND to reproduce, or reuse in another form, any of our research documents for commercial use. For information on reprint and linking permissions, please see RAND Permissions. This report is part of the RAND Corporation research report series. RAND reports present research findings and objective analysis that address the challenges facing the public and private sectors. All RAND reports undergo rigorous peer review to ensure high standards for research quality and objectivity. EUROPE Mental Health Retrosight Case studies Alexandra Pollitt, Stephanie Diepeveen, Susan Guthrie, Molly Morgan Jones, Siobhán Ní Chonaill, Stuart S. Olmsted, Dana Schultz, Harold Alan Pincus, Jonathan Grant, Steven Wooding EUROPE Mental Health Retrosight Case studies Alexandra Pollitt, Stephanie Diepeveen, Susan Guthrie, Molly Morgan Jones, Siobhán Ní Chonaill, Stuart S. Olmsted, Dana Schultz, Harold Alan Pincus, Jonathan Grant, Steven Wooding Prepared for the Alliance of Mental Health Research Funders The project described in this report was supported in Canada by the Graham Boeckh Foundation, Alberta Innovates Health Solutions, and the Canadian Institutes of Health Research; in the UK by the National Institute for Health Research; and in the USA by the National Institute of Mental Health. RAND Europe is an independent, not-for-profit policy research organisation that aims to improve policy and decisionmaking for the public interest though research and analysis. RAND’s publications do not necessarily reflect the opinions of its research clients and sponsors. R® is a registered trademark © Copyright 2013 RAND Corporation Permission is given to duplicate this document for personal use only, as long as it is unaltered and complete. Copies may not be duplicated for commercial pur- poses. Unauthorized posting of RAND documents to a non-RAND website is prohibited. RAND documents are protected under copyright law. For informa- tion on reprint and linking permissions, please visit the RAND permissions page (www.rand.org/publications/permissions.html). RAND OFFICES SANTA MONICA, CA • WASHINGTON, DC PITTSBURGH, PA • NEW ORLEANS, LA • JACKSON, MS • BOSTON, MA DOHA, QA • CAMBRIDGE, UK • BRUSSELS, BE www.rand.org • www.rand.org/randeurope Preface Mental Health Retrosight was a three-year international project that aimed to investigate the translation and payback from mental health and neuroscience research, with a particular focus on schizophrenia. It looked at the development of research over a 20-year period in Canada, the USA and the UK. The project was supported in Canada by the Graham Boeckh Foundation, Alberta Innovates – Health Solutions, and the Canadian Institutes of Health Research; in the UK by the National Institute for Health Research; and in the USA by the National Institute of Mental Health. It was the first project funded through the Alliance of Mental Health Research Funders, a joint initiative between the Graham Boeckh Foundation and RAND Europe. The network was established as a ‘think tank without borders’ that would undertake research and analysis into mental health research funding. This report presents the full set of forward-tracing case studies. This is intended to complement the other reports associated with this study, which describe the findings and policy provocations, the methods and methodology, and the backward-tracing perspectives. RAND Europe is an independent not-for-profit policy research organisation that aims to improve policy and decision making in the public interest, through research and analysis. RAND Europe’s clients include European governments, institutions, NGOs and firms with a need for rigorous, independent, multidisciplinary analysis. This memo has been subject to RAND’s quality assurance process, but as an interim report on work in progress has not undergone full peer review. For more information about RAND Europe or this document, please contact: Alexandra Pollitt RAND Europe Westbrook Centre Milton Road Cambridge CB4 1YG United Kingdom Tel. +44 (1223) 353 329 [email protected] iii Contents Acknowledgements ................................................................................................... vii CHAPTER 1 Changes in striatal dopamine neurotransmission assessed with microdialysis following recovery from a bilateral 6-OHDA lesion: variation as a function of lesion size ........................................................ 1 CHAPTER 2 Synaptic modulation by dopamine of calcium currents in rat pars intermedia ............................................................................................ 15 CHAPTER 3 Differential distribution of GABAA receptor mRNAs in bovine cerebellum ............................................................................................ 31 CHAPTER 4 Identification and distribution of 5-HT3 receptors in rat brain using radioligand binding ..................................................................... 55 CHAPTER 5 PET scanning and schizophrenia .......................................................... 77 CHAPTER 6 Organisation of dopamine D1 and D2 receptors in human striatum: receptor autoradiographic studies in Huntingdon’s disease and schizophrenia ..................................................................... 99 CHAPTER 7 Auditory P300 in borderline personality disorder and schizophrenia ...................................................................................... 115 CHAPTER 8 Elevation of human brain D2 dopamine receptors in schizophrenia ...................................................................................... 137 CHAPTER 9 Expressed emotion research in London, UK, Chandigarh, India and Aarhus, Denmark ......................................................................... 165 CHAPTER 10 Northwick park study of outcomes following and characteristics prior to first schizophrenic episodes ............................ 193 CHAPTER 11 Low frontal glucose utilization in chronic schizophrenia: a replication study ................................................................................. 221 v Mental Health Retrosight RAND Europe CHAPTER 12 Using childhood home movies of adult schizophrenia patients to investigate the development of physical and behavioural abnormalities .................................................................. 235 CHAPTER 13 Verapamil in the treatment of chronic schizophrenia .................. 255 CHAPTER 14 The effects of neuroleptics on lateralisation in schizophrenic patients ............................................................................................... 273 CHAPTER 15 Specific and non-specific effects of educational intervention ....... 293 CHAPTER 16 Psychiatric morbidity of a long stay hospital population with chronic schizophrenia and implications for future community care .................................................................................................... 319 CHAPTER 17 Randomised controlled trial of an inpatient family intervention for schizophrenia and affective disorders: the importance of gender in outcome and treatment response .................. 343 CHAPTER 18 Treatment Strategies in Schizophrenia (TSS) .............................. 363 vi Acknowledgements We would like to acknowledge all the scientists who were willing to act as the participants for this study, particularly the interviewees for the 18 forward-tracing case studies. The study would clearly have been impossible without them. We would also like to thank our case study reviewers and our quality assurance reviewers, Tom Ling and Saba Hinrichs, who provided thoughtful, constructive and timely comments. vii CHAPTER 1 Changes in striatal dopamine neurotransmission assessed with microdialysis following recovery from a bilateral 6-OHDA lesion: variation as a function of lesion size This case study is based on the research that produced the paper: Castañeda, E., Whishaw, I.Q., & Robinson, T.E. (1990). Changes in striatal dopamine neurotransmission assessed with microdialysis following recovery from a bilateral 6-OHDA lesion: variation as a function of lesion size. Journal of Neuroscience, 10(6), 1847–1854. Information was gathered from an interview with the lead author, Edward Castañeda, an interview with co-author Ian Whishaw, and desk-based research. 1.1 Summary The target paper studied the effects of the destruction of nerve cells that produce dopamine on extra-cellular
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