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An Analysis of the Best Available Unmanned Ground Vehicle in the Current Market with Respect to the Requirements of the Turkish Ministry of National Defense

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An Analysis of the Best Available Unmanned Ground Vehicle in the Current Market with Respect to the Requirements of the Turkish Ministry of National Defense Calhoun: The NPS Institutional Archive Theses and Dissertations Thesis Collection 2011-12 An analysis of the best available unmanned ground vehicle in the current market with respect to the requirements of the Turkish Ministry of National Defense Kilitci, Serkan Monterey, California. Naval Postgraduate School http://hdl.handle.net/10945/10633 NAVAL POSTGRADUATE SCHOOL MONTEREY, CALIFORNIA MBA PROFESSIONAL REPORT An Analysis of the Best Available Unmanned Ground Vehicle in the Current Market with Respect to the Requirements of the Turkish Ministry of National Defense By: Serkan Kilitci Muzaffer Buyruk December 2011 Advisors: John T. Dillard Kathryn Aten Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited THIS PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK REPORT DOCUMENTATION PAGE Form Approved OMB No. 0704-0188 Public reporting burden for this collection of information is estimated to average 1 hour per response, including the time for reviewing instruction, searching existing data sources, gathering and maintaining the data needed, and completing and reviewing the collection of information. Send comments regarding this burden estimate or any other aspect of this collection of information, including suggestions for reducing this burden, to Washington headquarters Services, Directorate for Information Operations and Reports, 1215 Jefferson Davis Highway, Suite 1204, Arlington, VA 22202-4302, and to the Office of Management and Budget, Paperwork Reduction Project (0704-0188) Washington DC 20503. 1. AGENCY USE ONLY (Leave blank) 2. REPORT DATE 3. REPORT TYPE AND DATES COVERED December 2011 MBA Professional Report 4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE An Analysis of the Best Available Unmanned Ground 5. FUNDING NUMBERS Vehicle in the Current Market with Respect to the Requirements of the Turkish Ministry of National Defense 6. AUTHOR(S) Serkan Kilitci and Muzaffer Buyruk 7. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME(S) AND ADDRESS(ES) 8. PERFORMING Naval Postgraduate School ORGANIZATION REPORT Monterey, CA 93943-5000 NUMBER 9. SPONSORING / MONITORING AGENCY NAME(S) AND ADDRESS(ES) 10. SPONSORING / MONITORING N/A AGENCY REPORT NUMBER 11. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES: The views expressed in this report are those of the author(s) and do not reflect the official policy or position of the Department of Defense or the U.S. Government. IRB Protocol number NA. 12a. DISTRIBUTION / AVAILABILITY STATEMENT 12b. DISTRIBUTION CODE Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited A 13. ABSTRACT (maximum 200 words) Today, Unmanned Ground Vehicles (UGVs) provide significant supporting capabilities in military operations worldwide. When UGVs are used to their full potential, the number of casualties is decreased and the combat effectiveness of warfighters is increased. UGVs are being developed in different sizes to meet different mission capability requirements. The employment of available UGVs and the development of new UGV capabilities have been rising steadily. Countries have started giving more importance to UGVs, and they are now being employed all over the world. The Turkish Ministry of National Defense (MND) can use the advantages of UGVs in a number of ways to assist in its efforts against terrorist activities. The purpose of this MBA project is to conduct an analysis of the best available UGV in the current market with respect to the requirements of the Turkish MND. After providing some background and market research on UGVs, we will explore their capabilities and their capability gaps in regard to the requirements of the Turkish MND. In the end, this project will determine the best available near-term UGV for the Turkish MND by employing the Analysis of Alternatives (AoA) method of the U.S. Defense Acquisition System. 14. SUBJECT TERMS Unmanned Ground Vehicles, UGVs 15. NUMBER OF PAGES 139 16. PRICE CODE 17. SECURITY 18. SECURITY 19. SECURITY 20. LIMITATION CLASSIFICATION OF CLASSIFICATION OF THIS CLASSIFICATION OF OF ABSTRACT REPORT PAGE ABSTRACT Unclassified Unclassified Unclassified UU NSN 7540-01-280-5500 Standard Form 298 (Rev. 2-89) Prescribed by ANSI Std. 239-18 i THIS PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK ii Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited AN ANALYSIS OF THE BEST AVAILABLE UNMANNED GROUND VEHICLE IN THE CURRENT MARKET WITH RESPECT TO THE REQUIREMENTS OF THE TURKISH MINISTRY OF NATIONAL DEFENSE Serkan Kilitci, Lieutenant, Turkish Navy Muzaffer Buyruk, First Lieutenant, Turkish Army Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of MASTER OF BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION from the NAVAL POSTGRADUATE SCHOOL December 2011 Authors: _____________________________________ Serkan Kilitci _____________________________________ Muzaffer Buyruk Approved by: _____________________________________ John T. Dillard, Lead Advisor _____________________________________ Kathryn Aten, Support Advisor _____________________________________ William R. Gates, Dean Graduate School of Business and Public Policy iii THIS PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK iv AN ANALYSIS OF THE BEST AVAILABLE UNMANNED GROUND VEHICLE IN THE CURRENT MARKET WITH RESPECT TO THE REQUIREMENTS OF THE TURKISH MINISTRY OF NATIONAL DEFENSE ABSTRACT Today, Unmanned Ground Vehicles (UGVs) provide significant supporting capabilities in military operations worldwide. When UGVs are used to their full potential, the number of casualties is decreased and the combat effectiveness of warfighters is increased. UGVs are being developed in different sizes to meet different mission capability requirements. The employment of available UGVs and the development of new UGV capabilities have been rising steadily. Countries have started giving more importance to UGVs, and they are now being employed all over the world. The Turkish Ministry of National Defense (MND) can use the advantages of UGVs in a number of ways to assist in its efforts against terrorist activities. The purpose of this MBA project is to conduct an analysis of the best available UGV in the current market with respect to the requirements of the Turkish MND. After providing some background and market research on UGVs, we will explore their capabilities and their capability gaps in regard to the requirements of the Turkish MND. In the end, this project will determine the best available near-term UGV for the Turkish MND by employing the Analysis of Alternatives (AoA) method of the U.S. Defense Acquisition System. v THIS PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK vi TABLE OF CONTENTS I. INTRODUCTION........................................................................................................1 A. BACKGROUND ..............................................................................................1 B. PURPOSE .........................................................................................................4 C. RESEARCH QUESTIONS .............................................................................4 1. Primary Research Question ................................................................4 2. Secondary Research Questions ...........................................................4 D. SCOPE ..............................................................................................................4 E. METHODOLOGY ..........................................................................................5 F. ORGANIZATION OF STUDY ......................................................................5 II. OVERVIEW OF UGVS ..............................................................................................7 A. THE CONCEPT OF UNMANNED SYSTEMS............................................7 B. WHAT ARE UGVs? ........................................................................................8 1. UGV Types .........................................................................................10 a. Size ...........................................................................................10 b. Mode of Operation ..................................................................10 c. Weapon Type ...........................................................................11 D. SUPPORTING TECHNOLOGY AREAS ...................................................12 1. Autonomous Behavior .......................................................................15 a. Perception ................................................................................19 b. Navigation ...............................................................................21 c. Planning ..................................................................................23 d. Behaviors and Skills................................................................24 e. Learning/Adaptation ...............................................................25 2. Human-Robot Interaction (HRI)......................................................25 3. Mobility ...............................................................................................26 4. Communication ..................................................................................28 5. Power / Energy ...................................................................................30 6. Health Maintenance ...........................................................................32 E. UGV MARKET ..............................................................................................33 1. United States .......................................................................................34 a. All-Purpose Remote Transport System (ARTS) .....................34 b. Crusher ....................................................................................35
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