DOCSLIB.ORG

Guilford Courthouse National Military Park Cultural Landscape Report

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Guilford Courthouse National Military Park Cultural Landscape Report guco_front.ai Crop Marks are Black National Park Service U.S. Department of the Interior Guilford Courthouse National Military Park Greensboro, North Carolina Guilford Courthouse National Military Park Cultural Landscape Report Cultural Resources · Southeast Region Guilford Courthouse National Military Park Cultural Landscape Report Written by John Hiatt Under the direction of National Park Service Southeast Regional Office Cultural Resources Division 2003 The cultural landscape report presented here exists in two formats. A printed version is available for study at the park, the Southeastern Regional Office of the National Park Service, and at a variety of other repositories. For more widespread access, this cultural landscape report also exists in a web-based format through ParkNet, the website of the National Park Service. Please visit www.nps.gov for more information. Cultural Resources Southeast Region National Park Service 100 Alabama St. SW Atlanta, GA 30303 (404) 562-3117 2003 Cultural Landscape Report Guilford Courthouse National Military Park Greensboro, North Carolina Guilford Courthouse National Military Park Cultural Landscape Report iv Cultural Landscape Report: Guilford Courthouse National Military Park Contents Figures vii Foreword ix Acknowledgments xi Introduction Management Summary 1 Historical Summary 2 Site Boundaries 3 Scope of Work and Methodology 3 Summary of Findings 4 Site History The Pre-Colonial Setting 7 The Genesis and Settlement of North Carolina, 1663-1770 10 Guilford, 1770-1777 12 The Battlefield Scene, 1781 14 From Guilford Courthouse to Martinville,1779-1857 22 Preserving and Commemorating Guilford Courthouse Battlefield, 1857-1917 31 Federal Custodianship of the Guilford Battlefield 43 The Era of the National Park Service 48 Existing Conditions Topographical Overview 65 Circulation 65 Visitor Center and Other Park Facilities 72 General Vegetation Patterns 73 Greene Monument-Amphitheater Component Landscape 76 Newly Acquired Parcels 77 Analysis of Integrity Guilford Court House Battlefield: Evaluation of Landscape Integrity 79 The Guilford Battle Ground Company’s Commemorative Layer 83 Character Areas 84 Treatment Recommendations Treatment Recommendations for the Battle-era Landscape 90 General Treatment Recommendations for Commemorative Resources 95 Greene Monument-Amphitheater Landscape 96 Visitor Center Landscape 96 Superintendent’s Residence-Maintenance Complex 97 Newly Acquired Tracts 98 Bibliography 107 Appendix A 111 Appendix B 112 National Park Service v vi Cultural Landscape Report: Guilford Courthouse National Military Park Figures 1 Regional Context for Guilford Courthouse National Military Park. 6 2 Detail of John Collet’s 1770 “A Compleat Map of North Carolina.” 9 3 New county creation in the North Carolina backcountry before the Revolution. 12 4 1781 British plan of the Battle of the Guilford Court House. 16 5 The “Tarleton”map of the Battle of Guilford Court House, 1787. 17 6 Detail of Guilford County from 1808 Price-Strother map. 24 7 Raleigh Taylor’s conjectural plan of Martinville. 25 8 Author’s revised conjectural plan of Martinville. 26 9 Benson Lossing’s view of the battlefield’s eastern sector, 1860. 30 10 Martinville, rendered by artist David Hunter Strother, 1857. 31 11 Reverend Eli Caurthers’ 1856 plan of the battle. 34 12 Judge David Schenck’s 1889 plan of the battle. 35 13 Guilford Battle Ground Park, 1889. 38 14 A train thunders through Guilford Battle Ground Park, circa 1893. 39 15 The Clyde and Leonidas Springhouses, circa 1893. 40 16 Guilford Battle Ground Park, circa 1893. 40 17 Guilford Battle Ground Park, 1892. 41 18 Lake Wilfong, circa 1893. 41 19 Guilford Battle Ground Park, 1903. 42 20 The Nash & Davidson Arches, 1905-1937. 43 21 Guildford Courthouse Land Acquisition Map, 1911 - 1970s. 44 22 Greene Monument, 1924. 45 23 View of Green Monument landscape, circa 1936. 47 24 Guilford Courthouse National Military Park, 1933. 49 25 Administration Building, 1935. 50 26 Superintendent’s Residence, 1935. 50 27 Utility Building and Inflammable Storage Unit, 1935. 50 28 Superintendent’s Residence - Maintenance Complex, 1935. 50 29 General Planting Plan, 1936. 52 30 Superintendent’s Residence Area Planting Plan, 1936. 54 31 General Development Plan, 1938. 55 32 Outdoor Amphitheater Plan, 1938. 56 33 Amphitheater stage and portico, circa 1939. 57 34 The Anderson inholding, circa 1940. 58 35 The Webb property, no date. 58 36 Intersection of Martin’s “Trespass” and New Garden Roads, circa 1949. 58 37 Detail of a 1957 aerial photograph of the park. 59 38 Development Concept Plan, 1973. 61 39 Guilford Courthouse National Military Park: Existing Conditions. 67 40 Old Battleground Road. 65 41 Overflow Parking Lot. 66 42 Intersection of Old Battleground Road and the tour road’s southern route. 66 43 Transition between New Garden Road’s modern and historic courses. 66 44 The New Garden trace intersecting Old Battleground Road . 69 45 New Garden’s restored course. 69 National Park Service vii 46 View of the New Garden trace exiting the woods. 69 47 The convergence of the New Garden trace and the paved tour road. 69 48 The comfort station at Tour Stop 6. 70 49 The former “Holt Avenue” stretch of the tour route. 70 50 The divergence of the New Garden trace and the tour road. 71 51 View of the Bicentennial Greenway. 71 52 The “Martin Trespass” path. 71 53 The park Visitor Center. 72 54 View of Monument Row. 72 55 The Superintendent’s Residence. 72 56 The Utility Building and Inflammable Storage Unit. 73 57 Remnant walkways and garden plot at Superintendent’s Residence. 73 58 Quarters No. 2. 73 59 The revised site of the Third Line, near Tour Stop 6. 74 60 The former Third Line. 75 61 “Schenck’s” field. 75 62 Looking in the direction of the former drive-in theater. 75 63 The gravel path from Tour Stop 8. 76 64 The Greene Monument. 76 65 Grass growing up between the brick joints on the amphitheater’s northern radial walk. 77 66 Guilford Courthouse National Military Park: Historical Base Map. 99 67 Guilford Courthouse National Military Park: Treatment Recommendations A. 101 68 Guilford Courthouse National Military Park: Treatment Recommendations B. 103 69 Guilford Courthouse National Military Park: Treatment Recommendations C. 105 Figure Credits Cover: Sir Henry Clinton Papers, Clements Library, University of Michigan. Figure 1: GUCO Cultural Landscapes Inventory, 1998; Figure 2: Collet, 1770; Figure 3: Corbitt, 1950; Figure 4: Sir Henry Clinton Papers, Clements Library, University of Michigan; Figure 5: Tarleton, 1781; Figure 6: Price, 1808; Figure 7: Hatch, 1970; Figure 8: Plan by author; Figure 9: Lossing, 1860; Figure 10: Harper’s New Monthly Magazine, July 1857; Figure 11: Caruthers, 1856; Figure 12: Schenck, 1889, copied from Hatch, 1971, Plate 8; Figure 13: GUCO Archives; Figures 14-16: Schenck, 1893; Figure 17: GUCO Archives; Figure 18: Schenck, 1893; Figure 19: NPS Plan 316.1023; Figure 20: GUCO Archives; Figure 21: Baker, 1995; Figures 22-23: GUCO Archives; Figure 24: NPS Plan 316.41005.1; Figures 25-28: GUCO Archives; Figure 29: NPS Plan 316.2000.1; Figure 30: NPS Plan 316.2000.3; Figure 31: NPS Plan 316.1009.1; Figure 32: NPS Plan 316.1020; Figure 33: GUCO Archives; Figures 34-37: GUCO Archives; Figure 38: NPS Plan 316.40004; Figure 39: NPS, SERO Cultural Resources; Figures 40-65: Photos by author; Figures 66-69: NPS, SERO Cultural Resources. viii Cultural Landscape Report: Guilford Courthouse National Military Park Foreword We are pleased to make available this cultural landscape report as part of our ongoing effort to provide comprehensive documentation for the historic structures and landscapes of National Park Service units in the Southeast Region. Many individuals and institutions contributed to the successful completion of this project. We would especially like to thank Guilford Courthouse National Military Park Superintendent Charles Cranfield, former Superintendent Bob Vogel, and park staff for their support and contributions to this work. Thanks also to Lucy Lawliss, Lead, NPS Park Cultural Landscapes Program, for her knowledgeable guidance throughout the project. Finally, we would like to recognize the labor and dedication of John Hiatt, author of this report. We hope that the study will be a useful tool for park management and for others interested in the history and significance of the many cultural resources at Guilford Courthouse. Dan Scheidt Chief, Cultural Resources Division Southeast Regional Office National Park Service ix x Cultural Landscape Report: Guilford Courthouse National Military Park Acknowledgments Several persons were instrumental in the conception and preparation of this report and deserve special thanks. I owe a substantial debt of gratitude to Lucy Lawliss, Lead, Parks Cultural Landscape Program, for her invaluable input at every phase of the project. She served not only as a supervisor, but also as a mentor; her sincere encouragements, advocacy, and technical expertise made my task all the more manageable and enjoyable. I am likewise especially grateful to Bob Vogel, former Superintendent Guilford Courthouse National Military Park (now Superintendent, Cape Lookout National Seashore) for his ambitious vision for the battlefield’s rehabilitation and for his enthusiastic support. Supervisory Park Ranger Steve Ware, Park Ranger Don Long, and Park Historian John Durham, all of Guilford Courthouse NMP, warrant recognition, too, for their assistance in gathering essential materials and for their vast knowledge of the battle as well as the
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Brief History of Architecture in N.C. Courthouses
    MONUMENTS TO DEMOCRACY Architecture Styles in North Carolina Courthouses By Ava Barlow The judicial system, as one of three branches of government, is one of the main foundations of democracy. North Carolina’s earliest courthouses, none of which survived, were simple, small, frame or log structures. Ancillary buildings, such as a jail, clerk’s offi ce, and sheriff’s offi ce were built around them. As our nation developed, however, leaders gave careful consideration to the structures that would house important institutions – how they were to be designed and built, what symbols were to be used, and what building materials were to be used. Over time, fashion and design trends have changed, but ideals have remained. To refl ect those ideals, certain styles, symbols, and motifs have appeared and reappeared in the architecture of our government buildings, especially courthouses. This article attempts to explain the history behind the making of these landmarks in communities around the state. Georgian Federal Greek Revival Victorian Neo-Classical Pre – Independence 1780s – 1820 1820s – 1860s 1870s – 1905 Revival 1880s – 1930 Colonial Revival Art Deco Modernist Eco-Sustainable 1930 - 1950 1920 – 1950 1950s – 2000 2000 – present he development of architectural styles in North Carolina leaders and merchants would seek to have their towns chosen as a courthouses and our nation’s public buildings in general county seat to increase the prosperity, commerce, and recognition, and Trefl ects the development of our culture and history. The trends would sometimes donate money or land to build the courthouse. in architecture refl ect trends in art and the statements those trends make about us as a people.
    [Show full text]
  • NPS Intermountain Region Parks
    Appendix A – List of parks available for collection Table 1 – NPS Intermountain Region Parks PARK PAVED ROAD PARK NAME STATE ALPHA MILES TO COLLECT ALFL Alibates Flint Quarries National Monument 2.287 TX AMIS Amistad National Recreation Area 6.216 TX ARCH Arches National Park 26.024 UT AZRU Aztec Ruins National Monument 0.068 NM BAND Bandelier National Monument 5.887 NM BEOL Bent's Old Fort National Historic Site 0.142 CO BIBE Big Bend National Park 122.382 TX BICA Bighorn Canyon National Recreation Area 41.001 MT, WY BLCA Black Canyon of the Gunnison National Park 8.947 CO BRCA Bryce Canyon National Park 28.366 CO CACH Canyon de Chelly National Monument 24.318 NM CAGR Casa Grande Ruins National Monument 0.848 AZ CANY Canyonlands National Park 52.55 UT CARE Capitol Reef National Park 9.056 UT CAVE Carlsbad Caverns National Park 7.898 NM CAVO Capulin Volcano National Monument 2.677 NM CEBR Cedar Breaks National Monument 7.266 UT CHAM Chamizal National Memorial 0.526 TX CHIC Chickasaw National Recreation Area 20.707 OK CHIR Chiricahua National Monument 9.107 AZ COLM Colorado National Monument 25.746 CO CORO Coronado National Memorial 3.631 AZ CURE Curecanti National Recreation Area 5.91 CO DETO Devils Tower National Monument 4.123 WY DINO Dinosaur National Monument 60.643 CO, UT ELMA El Malpais National Monument 0.26 NM ELMO El Morro National Monument 1.659 NM FOBO Fort Bowie National Historic Site 0.481 AZ FOBU Fossil Butte National Monument 3.633 WY FODA Fort Davis National Historic Site 0.361 TX FOLA Fort Laramie National Historic Site 1.027 WY FOUN Fort Union National Monument 0.815 NM GICL Gila Cliff Dwellings National Monument 0.881 NM GLAC Glacier National Park 116.266 MT GLCA Glen Canyon National Recreation Area 58.569 UT, AZ GRCA Grand Canyon National Park 108.319 AZ GRSA Great Sand Dunes National Park and Preserve 7.163 CO PARK PAVED ROAD PARK NAME STATE ALPHA MILES TO COLLECT GRTE Grand Teton National Park 142.679 WY GUMO Guadalupe Mountains National Park 7.113 TX HOAL Horace M.
    [Show full text]
  • (NPS) Law Enforcement Incident Reports at Gettysburg National Military Park, 04-July-2020 Through 29-July-2020
    Description of document: Each National Park Service (NPS) law enforcement incident reports at Gettysburg National Military Park, 04-July-2020 through 29-July-2020 Requested date: 20-July-2020 Release date: 11-August-2020 Posted date: 17-August-2020 Source of document: FOIA Request National Park Service 1100 Ohio Drive, SW Washington, DC 20242 Fax: Call 202-619-7485 (voice) for options The governmentattic.org web site (“the site”) is a First Amendment free speech web site, and is noncommercial and free to the public. The site and materials made available on the site, such as this file, are for reference only. The governmentattic.org web site and its principals have made every effort to make this information as complete and as accurate as possible, however, there may be mistakes and omissions, both typographical and in content. The governmentattic.org web site and its principals shall have neither liability nor responsibility to any person or entity with respect to any loss or damage caused, or alleged to have been caused, directly or indirectly, by the information provided on the governmentattic.org web site or in this file. The public records published on the site were obtained from government agencies using proper legal channels. Each document is identified as to the source. Any concerns about the contents of the site should be directed to the agency originating the document in question. GovernmentAttic.org is not responsible for the contents of documents published on the website. United States Department of the Interior NATIONAL PARK SERVICE Interior Region 1- National Capital Area llOO Ohio Drive, S.W.
    [Show full text]
  • Blue Ridge Park Way DIRECTORY TRAVEL PLANNER
    65 TH Edition Blue Ridge Park way www.blueridgeparkway.org DIRECTORY TRAVEL PLANNER Includes THE PARKWAY MILEPOST Biltmore Asheville, NC Exit at Milepost 388.8 Grandfather Mountain Linville, NC Exit at Milepost 305.1 Roanoke Star and Overlook Roanoke, VA Exit at Milepost 120 Official Publication of the Blue Ridge Parkway Association The 65th Edition OFFICIAL PUBLICATION BLUE RIDGE PARKWAY ASSOCIATION, INC. P. O. BOX 2136, ASHEVILLE, NC 28802 (828) 670-1924 www.blueridgeparkway.org • [email protected] COPYRIGHT 2014 NO Portion OF THIS GUIDE OR ITS MAPS may BE REPRINTED WITHOUT PERMISSION. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. PRINTED IN THE USA. Some Parkway photographs by William A. Bake, Mike Booher, Vicki Dameron and Jeff Greenberg © Blue Ridge Parkway Association Layout/Design: Imagewerks Productions: Arden, NC This free Directory & Travel PROMOTING Planner is published by the 500+ member Blue Ridge TOURISM FOR Parkway Association to help Chimney Rock at you more fully enjoy your Chimney Rock State Park Parkway area vacation. MORE THAN Members representing attractions, outdoor recre- ation, accommodations, res- Follow us for more Blue Ridge Parkway 60 YEARS taurants, shops, and a variety of other services essential to information and resources: the traveler are included in this publication. When you visit their place of business, please let them know www.blueridgeparkway.org you found them in the Blue Ridge Parkway Directory & Travel Planner. This will help us ensure the availability of another Directory & Travel Planner for your next visit
    [Show full text]
  • John Brown's Raid: Park Videopack for Home and Classroom. INSTITUTION National Park Service (Dept
    DOCUMENT RESUME ED 445 957 SO 031 281 TITLE John Brown's Raid: Park VideoPack for Home and Classroom. INSTITUTION National Park Service (Dept. of Interior), Washington, DC. ISBN ISBN-0-912627-38-7 PUB DATE 1991-00-00 NOTE 114p.; Accompanying video not available from EDRS. AVAILABLE FROM Harpers Ferry Historical Association, Inc., P.O. Box 197, Harpers Ferry, WV 25425 ($24.95). Tel: 304-535-6881. PUB TYPE Guides - Classroom - Teacher (052)-- Historical Materials (060)-- Non-Print Media (100) EDRS PRICE MF01/PC05 Plus Postage. DESCRIPTORS *Civil War (United States); Curriculum Enrichment; Heritage Education; Historic Sites; Primary Sources; Secondary Education; *Slavery; Social Studies; Thematic Approach; *United States History IDENTIFIERS *Brown (John); United States (South); West Virginia; *West Virginia (Harpers Ferry) ABSTRACT This video pack is intended for parents, teachers, librarians, students, and travelers interested in learning about national parklands and how they relate to the nation's natural and cultural heritage. The video pack includes a VHS video cassette on Harpers Ferry National Historical Park, an illustrated handbook with historical information on Harpers Ferry, and a study guide linking these materials. The video in this pack, "To Do Battle in the Land," documents John Brown's 1859 attempt to end slavery in the South by attacking the United States Armory at Harpers Ferry, Virginia (now West Virginia). The 27-minute video sets the scene for the raid that intensified national debate over the slavery issue. The accompanying handbook, "John Brown's Raid," gives a detailed account of the insurrection and subsequent trial that electrified the nation and brought it closer to civil war.
    [Show full text]
  • Guilford Courthouse National Military Park
    National Park Service U.S. Department of the Interior Natural Resource Program Center Guilford Courthouse National Military Park Geologic Resources Inventory Report Natural Resource Report NPS/NRPC/GRD/NRR—2011/338 ON THE COVER The Nathanael Greene statue overlooks the rolling hills of Guilford Courthouse National Military Park in North Carolina. The geologic underpinnings of the monument involve the construction of the Appalachian Mountains and the assembly of the supercontinent Pangaea hundreds of millions of years ago. THIS PAGE Another view of the Nathanael Greene statue, commemorating the Battle of Guilford Courthouse, March 15, 1781. Although technically a British victory, General Greene’s American troops greatly weakened Lord Cornwallis’ British forces, which subsequently withdrew from the Carolinas. Cornwallis surrendered seven months later in Virginia. National Park Service photographs courtesy of Stephen Ware (Guilford Courthouse NMP) Guilford Courthouse National Military Park Geologic Resources Inventory Report Natural Resource Report NPS/NRPC/GRD/NRR—2011/338 National Park Service Geologic Resources Division PO Box 25287 Denver, CO 80225 March 2011 U.S. Department of the Interior National Park Service Natural Resource Program Center Fort Collins, Colorado The National Park Service, Natural Resource Program Center publishes a range of reports that address natural resource topics of interest and applicability to a broad audience in the National Park Service and others in natural resource management, including scientists, conservation and environmental constituencies, and the public. The Natural Resource Report Series is used to disseminate high-priority, current natural resource management information with managerial application. The series targets a general, diverse audience, and may contain NPS policy considerations or address sensitive issues of management applicability.
    [Show full text]
  • Draft Small Vessel General Permit
    ILLINOIS DEPARTMENT OF NATURAL RESOURCES, COASTAL MANAGEMENT PROGRAM PUBLIC NOTICE The United States Environmental Protection Agency, Region 5, 77 W. Jackson Boulevard, Chicago, Illinois has requested a determination from the Illinois Department of Natural Resources if their Vessel General Permit (VGP) and Small Vessel General Permit (sVGP) are consistent with the enforceable policies of the Illinois Coastal Management Program (ICMP). VGP regulates discharges incidental to the normal operation of commercial vessels and non-recreational vessels greater than or equal to 79 ft. in length. sVGP regulates discharges incidental to the normal operation of commercial vessels and non- recreational vessels less than 79 ft. in length. VGP and sVGP can be viewed in their entirety at the ICMP web site http://www.dnr.illinois.gov/cmp/Pages/CMPFederalConsistencyRegister.aspx Inquiries concerning this request may be directed to Jim Casey of the Department’s Chicago Office at (312) 793-5947 or [email protected]. You are invited to send written comments regarding this consistency request to the Michael A. Bilandic Building, 160 N. LaSalle Street, Suite S-703, Chicago, Illinois 60601. All comments claiming the proposed actions would not meet federal consistency must cite the state law or laws and how they would be violated. All comments must be received by July 19, 2012. Proposed Small Vessel General Permit (sVGP) United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) SMALL VESSEL GENERAL PERMIT FOR DISCHARGES INCIDENTAL TO THE NORMAL OPERATION OF VESSELS LESS THAN 79 FEET (sVGP) AUTHORIZATION TO DISCHARGE UNDER THE NATIONAL POLLUTANT DISCHARGE ELIMINATION SYSTEM In compliance with the provisions of the Clean Water Act, as amended (33 U.S.C.
    [Show full text]
  • Blue Ridge Parkway Long-Range Interpretive Plan Was Approved by Your Memorandum, Undated
    6o/%. .G3/ . B LU E R IDG E PAR KWAY r . v BLUE RIDGE PARKWAY NATIONAL PARK SERVICE . ;HNICAL INFOR1uA1-!ON CENTER `VFR SERVICE CENTER Z*'K PARK SERVICE 2^/ C^QZ003 United States Department of the Interior NATIONAL PARK SERVICE Harpers Ferry Center P.O. Box 50 IN REPLY REFER TO: Harpers Ferry, West Virginia 25425-0050 K1817(HFC-IP) BLRI 'JAN 3 0 2003 Memorandum To: Superintendent, Blue Ridge Parkway From: Associate Manager, Interpretive Planning, Harpers Ferry Center Subject: Distribution of Approved Long-Range Interpretive Plan for Blue Ridge Parkway The Blue Ridge Parkway Long-Range Interpretive Plan was approved by your memorandum, undated. All changes noted in the memorandum have been incorporated in this final document. Twenty bound copies are being sent to you with this memorandum, along with one unbound copy for your use in making additional copies as needed in the future. We have certainly appreciated the fine cooperation and help of your staff on this project. Enclosure (21) Copy to: Patty Lockamy, Chief of Interpretation bcc: HFC-Files HFC-Dailies HFC - Keith Morgan (5) HFC - Sam Vaughn HFC - Dixie Shackelford Corky Mayo, WASO HFC - John Demer HFC- Ben Miller HFC - Anne Tubiolo HFC-Library DSC-Technical Information Center K.Morgan/lmt/1-29-03 0 • LONG-RANGE INTERPRETIVE PLAN BLUE RIDGE PARKWAY 2002 prepared by Department of the Interior National Park Service Blue Ridge Parkway Branch of Interpretation Harpers Ferry Center Interpretive Planning 0 TABLE OF CONTENTS M INTRODUCTION ..........................................1 BACKGROUND FOR PLANNING ...........................3 PARKWAY PURPOSE .......................................4 RESOURCE SIGNIFICANCE ................................5 THEMES ..................................................9 0 MISSION GOALS .........................................
    [Show full text]
  • NATIONAL PARK Location Map No. 3 Far South States
    NATIONAL PARK Location Map No. 3 Far South States United States Department of the Interior Harold L. Ickes, Secretary National Park Service, Newton B. Drury, Director near the center of the city of Chatta­ Guide To Your Parks nooga. In it lie the bodies of more than 15,000 men, most of them vet­ INTRODUCING THE erans of the War between the States. Address the Superintendent, Chat­ tanooga National Cemetery, Chat­ NATIONAL PARK SYSTEM tanooga, Tenn. ATLANTA CAMPAIGN NATIONAL • EVERY AMERICAN SHARES in an in the National Park System. It in­ inheritance of vast natural resources cludes 27 national parks, 84 national HISTORIC SITE.—Five markers in of superb scenery and spectacular, monuments, and 58 areas of various this area are located at Ringgold awe-inspiring natural phenomena. other classifications. Gap, Rocky Face Ridge, Resaca, Cassville, and New Hope Church, His heritage includes also the cus­ This folder, Location Map No. 3, in northern Georgia. Ringgold Gap toms and traditions brought to our indicates and describes briefly those is the site of one of the final engage­ shores by the people of other coun­ areas administered by the National ments of the Chattanooga campaign, tries of the Old and New Worlds Park Service which are situated in Looking Westward from Cheatham Hill—Kennesaw Mountain National and was occupied as an advanced and the culture of those who dwelt the Far South,—the States of South Battlefield Park outpost during early 1864 by part of in the land before the coming of the Carolina, Georgia, Florida, Alabama, white man. An integral part of it Mississippi, Louisiana, and Arkan­ Sherman's forces.
    [Show full text]
  • To Access Research Guide 206: How to Find a Will in Court Records
    Archives of Ontario Research Guide 206 How to Find Wills in Court Records Last Updated: July 2021 Courthouse, Kingston, 1923 F 1075-13, H710 M.O. Hammond photographic negatives 1 In this guide ................................................................................................................... 2 Where do I find these records? .................................................................................... 3 What do I need to get started? ..................................................................................... 3 The Records .................................................................................................................. 4 1. How do I find pre to 1793 estate records? ......................................................... 4 2. How do I find estate files or registers between 1793 and 1858? ........................ 4 3. How do I find estate files and registers between 1859 and 1976? ..................... 5 3.1 How do I find an estate file between 1859 and 1930? .................................... 5 3.2 How do I find an estate file between 1931 and 1976? .................................... 6 3.3 How do I find where the succession was processed? ..................................... 7 4. How do I find estate files and registers after 1976? ........................................... 7 Are there related records? ........................................................................................... 8 What are some of the key words in estate files and registers? ...............................
    [Show full text]
  • Justice Facilities Review Jury Chair Om the Chair the View Fr
    JFR JUSTICE FACILITIES13 REVIEW AIA JFRJUSTICE FACILITIES13 REVIEW The American Institute of Architects Academy of Architecture for Justice Washington, D.C. Copyright 2013 The American Institute of Architects All rights reserved Printed in the United States of America The project information in this book has been provided by the architecture firms represented in the book. The American Institute of Architects (AIA) has no reason to believe the information is not accurate, but the AIA does not warrant, and assumes no liability for, the accuracy or completeness of the information. It is the responsibility of users to verify the information with the appropriate architecture firm or other source. The American Institute of Architects 1735 New York Avenue, N.W. Washington, DC 20006 2013 Academy of Architecture for Justice Advisory Group Linda Bernauer, AIA Catherine Chan, AIA, chair Lorenzo M. Lopez, AIA Elizabeth Minnis, AIA, past chair Amy Ann Phillips, AIA AIA Staff Terri Stewart, CAE, managing director, Design and Practice Operations Douglas Paul, managing director, Practice and Knowledge Resources Kathleen Simpson, director, Knowledge Communities Elizabeth Stepahin, manager, Honors and Awards Virginia Ebbert, manager, Architect’s Knowledge Resource Design: designfarm Editor: Janet Rumbarger Cover photos, top to bottom: Rankin Inlet Healing Facility, Richard E. Arnason Justice Center, Waterloo Region Courthouse CONTENTS Jury Members ....................................................................................... iv Court Facilities
    [Show full text]
  • Che's Travels: the Making of a Revolutionary in 1950S Latin America (Review)
    Che's Travels: The Making of a Revolutionary in 1950s Latin America (review) James C. Knarr The Americas, Volume 67, Number 4, April 2011, pp. 586-588 (Article) Published by The Academy of American Franciscan History DOI: 10.1353/tam.2011.0021 For additional information about this article http://muse.jhu.edu/journals/tam/summary/v067/67.4.knarr.html Access Provided by University College London (UCL) at 08/17/12 8:45AM GMT 586 REVIEWS ness of Germany’s threat to Europe was translated into increased funding for new scholarship on U.S. relationships to the rest of the hemisphere. Scholarship that had been dominated by academics in the American West and the New York-Boston axis suddenly blossomed elsewhere in the United States under public funding from the Roosevelt administration and private initiatives by the Rockefeller Foundation and the American Council of Learned Societies. Reordered priorities after the defeat of the Axis powers resulted in a period of slow growth in the decade after 1945, but the emergence of area studies programs during the Cold War presaged the boom years that character- ized the institutionalization of Latin Americanist scholarship into its contemporary form across the United States in the two decades after the Cuban Revolution. Curiously, the second half of the book occupies 20 pages fewer than the first, under- cutting Delpar’s argument that today’s structure of Latin Americanist scholarship in U.S. universities was primarily a product of post-1945 society. In addition, two impor- tant issues deserve more attention than Delpar gives them. First, it is difficult to dis- cern from the book the discrete discourses that animated work on Latin America within individual disciplines, for example, cultural relativism in anthropology, modernization theory in political science, and demography in social history.
    [Show full text]