—

LAT FIFESHIRE BIOGRAPHY. LAT

and shone out in his pristine style, when, entered into business as a commission agent on hearing of the massacre of St Bartholo- in Glasgow. Subsequently emigrating to mew, he denounced, in glowing terms, the United States of America, he was en- Charles TX. of France. Sicknes.^^, however, gaged in mercantile concerns at New York. soon seized his emaciated frame, and after a Latto first became known as a aong-writer very brief period of increasing debility, he in the pages of " Whistle-binkie." In 184.5 died 24th November 1.".72. Two days after- he edited a poem entitled "The Minister's wards bis Itody was interred in the church- Kail Yard," which, with a number of lyrics yard of St (tiles. The funeral was attended of his own composition, appeared in a duo- by an immense concoui-se of weeping and decimo volume. To the " Book of Scottish afflicted people, as well as of the resident Song" he made several esteemed contribu- , and the Regent Morton pronounced tions, besides furnishing sundry pieces of over him the well-known eulogiura, "There versification of merit to Blackwood and lies he who never feared the face of man." TaWs M'toazines. Kno.K was of .small stature, and by no means of a roliust constitution. His character baa THE KISS AHINT THE DOOK. been pourtraye ' diflFei ntly by writers. Indiscriminate eulogy would be here as much out of place, as sweei)ing cen- sure would be unjust. The reformer wa-s cast upon an age of violence and change, I took ahint the door. and he needed a correspondent energy. O laddie, whist ! for sic fricht Elegance and delicacy of language were not a I ne'er was in hefore, common at the period, and would have been Fou brawly did my mither hear crushed in the tumult. Knox spoke and wrote his honest thoughts in transparent terms, in terse and homely simplicity, and t gin theyjcer and mock. with far less of uncouthness and solecism than might be imagined. He was obligeil to appear, not like a scholar in the graceful folds of an academic toga, but as a warrior Wc stappit ben, while Maggie's face clad in raiiil, and .armed at all points for Waslikealowin'coal; selif-defence and aggression. It must have An' as for me, I could hae crept been a mighty mind that could leave its im- The mither look't— saves how she looU't— press on an entire nation, and on succeeding Thae mithers are a bore, inflexible in ages. He was m.iintaining An' gleg as ony cat to liear what he felt to be right, and intrepid in de- A kiss ahint the door. fending it. His life was menaced several There's meikle bliss, &c. times, but he moved not from the path of The duty. The genial affections of home, friend- deuce gudeman, tho' he was there, As weel might been in Rome, ship, and kindred, often stirred his heart For by the fire he puffd his pipe, amidst all his sternness and decision. In An' never fash'd his thumb ; short he resembled the hills of his native But titterin' in a corner stood country, which, with theirtall and splintered The gawky sisters four— precipices, then: shaggy sides, and wild sub- A winter's nicht for me they might limity of aspect, yet often conceal in their Hae stood ahint the door. There's meikle bliss, &o. bosom green valleys, clear streams, and pastures. luxuriant ' How daur ye tak' sic freedoms here ?"

Tlie bauld gudewife began ; Wi* that a foursome yell gat up

Thomas wag born in 1818 LATTO, C, Catch me again, tho' fldgin'fain, in the p.arish of Kingsbams. Instruetei 1 in the element.ai-y branches of education Tliere'3 meikle bliss, &c. by Mr Latto, his father, p.arochi.al teacher in that town, he entered, in his four- LAWSON, George, Professor of teenth year, the United College of St Chemistry and Natural History in Queen's Andrews. Having studied during five College, Kingston, Canada, a native of sessions at tliis university, he was in 1S."8 Fifeshire, was bom in the year 1827, at admitted into the writing chambers of Mr Maryton, a beautiful village on the banks John Hunter, Writer to the Signet, Edin- of the Tay, not far from Flisk, where Dr burgh, Auditor of the Court of Session. Fleming spent so many years of his life, He subsequently became advocate's clerk and on whose ministratiims, in former years, to Mr William E. Aytoun, Professor of Rhe- several of Dr Lawson's relatives attended. toric in the University of , and The famUy, soon after his birth, removed to Sheriff of Orkney and Shetland. After a Dundee, but most of his childhood summers period of employment as a Parliament House were spent with a relative in a secluded Clerk, he accepted the situation of m.inaging cottage on the Newton Hill, near Kilmany. clerk to a writer in Dundes. In 1852 he There ample ojjportumties were afforded for 2CI LAW FIFKSHIRE BIOGRAPHY. LEA

the observation of the wihl1 iilants and ber of working members, and which may animals of the nei;-,'hl"uirh noil, and his be familiar to many by name (who now solitary rambles on tin; hill sidrs were no learn its origin for the first time) as the doubt instrumental in laying' the foundation Dundee Naturalists' Association. Mr Law- of that love of nature which s vt-mtd in after son also acted as secretary to several literary life to grow up with him :xs a ly-rooted societies. Having removed to Edinburgh, han as an acquired taste. he was in the spring of 1849 elected to tlie 1 )uriug these suinuier visits to the Newton office of assistant-secretary and curator to Hill, although he was then not more than the Botanical Society, and at the same time six or seven yeurs nf ago, his industry to a similar office in the Caledonian Horti- spcedilv tilleil tin- i(.ttaLr.' with natural pro- cultural Society. He was also elected a (hicts of all kiiuls fiMiii the neighbouring fellow, anil subsequently assistant seeretary His woods and tiihi-; ; and liny ganlens, cut of the Koyal Phj'sical Soeictj-. position out of the turf .m the hill siiles, were made in these societies brought liim into cinitact the receiit.acles of wild ..rchiils and other with scientific men and afforded many advan- flowers from the neighbouring valleys. tages for improvement in addition to those After a suitable education, Mr L:iw.son w.as of the University. In 1850, Mr Lawson appprenticed to a solicitor in Duntlee, with published a small volume on Water-lillies,

the view of following the legal ]irofession ; containing a full description, with drawings but his private reading was not confined to of the Victoria Kegina, wliich had flow'ered " Erskine's Institutes" and " Blackstone's in England, and was therefore exciting Counnentaries.' The discovery in the much attention. In 18.54 he took an active Watt Institution library of such works as interest in the establishment of the Scottish " Tjouden's Magazine of Natural History" Arboricultur.al Society, and was appointed and "Fleming's Philosopliy of Z.iology," assistant-secretary. In that capacity he opene.l up a more congenial line of thought, has edited the society's transactions up to an

of Rhymer was conferred upon him in con- burgh, with such numbers of jjeople as was sequence-of his verses, while his territorial admirable, and had murners bcfoir and designation of De Ercildoune was derived follomng the bier, above fyve hundreilth from the village of that name in Berwick- personis. His removal fra that bensche wea shire, situated upon the Leader, two miles esteemed to be a national judgment." from its junction with the Tweed. This LEE, JOHX, D.D., LL.D., some time place, according to unvarying tradition, was Professor of Church History in , theresidence, and probably the birthplace, of was bom on the 22d Nov. 1779, at Tor- the bard ; and here, after the lapse of seven woodlee Mains, in Etrick Forest. He re- centuries, the niius of his tower are still ceived his early education, not at the parish pointed out. There is satisfactory evidence school of Stow, as has been several times that Thomas of Ercildoune was a man of stated, or at any other parish school, but rank, and enjoyed the friendship of the privately or with a few other children of nobles of his day. He appears to have ac- respectable farmers, who engaged for that quired, at a very early period, the reputa- purpose, as was then customai-y in many tion of a prophet, and many curious notices parts of the country, the services of a student, of his predictions are scattered through the who lived for a time in the house of each of works of Barbour, Wyntoun, Bower, and his employers. Of Dr Lee's instructors the

Blind Harry. Some metrical prophecifs, last and most remarkable was John Le5'den ; vulgarly attributed to the Rhymer, seem to but he was in the habit of s.aying himself, have been current in the reign of James V., as has been said by so many eminent men, Queen Mary, and James VI., and were that the most valuable p.art of his education collected and published both in Latin and was derived from the instructions of his English. At the time of the union with mother. His father was an elder in the England his predictions were often quoted Secession Clmrch ; and the Doctor, we by the Scottish people, and even at the believe, was, at one time, a fellow-student present day many rhymes ascribed to in that connection, of the late venerable Thomas of Ercildoune are current in Scot- Dr John Brown, who continued through land, especially in the border districts of life one of his most valued friends, and dedi- the country. He must have died before the cated to him one of his e.^pository works. close of the thirteenth century, as his son, He entered the University of Edinburgh at in a charter dated in 1299, designates him- the age of 6tteen ; but instead of divinity, self "Thomas of Ercildoune, son and heir devoted himself to the study of medicine. of Thomas Eymour of Ercildoune." After a distinguished course as a student. LEARMONTH, Sm J,vme3, of Bal- comie, was the eldest son of John Lear- month of Balcomie, and Elizabeth Myrtone, dustry and fortitude so characteristic of the daughter of the Laird of Randerstone. He Scottish student, he took the degree of iVl.D. was admitted an ordinary Lord of Session in 1801. His thesis, " De Animi Viribus" on the 8th of November 1G27, in place of was pronotmced by Dr Gregory to be, in Sir Archibald Aitchison of Glencairney, Latlnity, " equal to the writings of CScero." resigned. • He was appointed a member of His early predisposition to theological three parliamentary commissions granted in studies seems to have soon prevailed over 103.3 -viz., for surveying the laws, valua- his love of medicine, and, after a short tion of Teinds, and reporting on the offices of service in the hospital staff of the array, he Admiralty and Chamberlainry. In 1641 entered on the study of divinity, and received he was re-appointed a judge by the King, license in 1804. During the interval he was with consent of Parliament, and was elected for some time tutor in the family of Lord President of the Court for the ensuing session Woodhouselee. His first charge was in on the 1st June 1643 ; and again for the like London, in a church nominally Scottish period in June 1647. In 1645 a Commission Presbyterian, from which he was soon after of Exchequer ^as apjiomted for the purpose removed to the more desir.ible and im- of assisting, or rather over-ruling, the portant charge of Peebles, wliich he held Treaaurer and iiis depute, and of this Sir from 1808 to 1812, exchangin,' this position J ames was named a member. He joined for that of Church History I'rofessor in St in the "Engagement," and was, inconse- Andrews. In 1820 he was electeil Professor quence, deprived of his situ.ition under the of Jlonal Philosophy in Aberdeen, which, well-known act of classes, in M.arch 1G49. however, did not prove agreeable to his He was appointed one of the Commissioners taste, and stUl holding by his office in St for the Administration of .Justice to the Andrews, he did the duties of the Moral for one People of Scotland, on the 7th November Philosophy Class session by deputy ; 1655. He died suddenly on the 2Gth June and every day, punctu.illy, his new-written 1657. Nicol's Di.ary states, " A man verie lecture came by post to the hands of his painsful in his office, and willing to dis]iatch substitute. Some of these lectures were business in this sad tyme, departed this lyfe deUvered in the University of Edinburgh even in a moment, sitting upone the bensche during the session of 1851-52 for Professor in the Parliament Hous, about nyne in the Wilson, then for the first time incapacitated cloke in the morning, to the great grieff of for public duty. In 1821 Dr Lee was ap- much peojile. His corps wes honorablie pointed to the first charge of the Cannon- buryit in the church kirk ycard in Edin- gate ; and, during his incumbency there, 260 LEE FIFESHIRE BIOGRAPHY. LEE distinguished liimself by the leading part he to the world of his undoubtedly great erudi- took iu the opposition to the Bible monopoly tion. Subjoined we give what we believe is enjoyed by the King's jirinters. With great a complete list of his publications, with the labour and expense, he brought together the exception of a reprint, published by Messrs results of liis extensive and recondite in- Blackwood in 1852, of a very quaint .-ind quiries in the form of a " Memorial for the beautiful old treatise, entitled " The Bible Societies in Scotland," published 1S-J4. Mother's Legacie to her unborn Child," by The legal contest between the Bible Societies Elizabeth JoceUue, with an interesting bio- and the monoixilLsts ended on this occ;ii>ion graphical and critical preface by the editor. in favour of the latter, but ultimately the How much he may have contributed in other principles of free Bible circulation prevailed. ways to literature, we cannot tell ; we know, For his great services in this cause Dr Lee however, that he wrote a considerable num- has perhaps never received his full share of ber of articles in Brewster's Encyclopaedia, acknowledgment. In 1824 he was ap- one of which—that on "Astrohigy"—was pointed one of the University Commissionei-s written, we have been told, iu the course of for Scotland, which position he held for four an evening while he was away from home. years. In 1825 he was translated to Lady Though it has often been regretted that a Yestcr's Church, and thence, in 1S35, to the man known to be possessed of stores of Old Church parish. In 1827 he was elected knowledge so various, and, we believe, so principal Clerk of the General Assembly, accurate, imparted so small a portion of wliich office he held till his death. In this them to the world in the form of books, capacity his wonderfully minute and ac- there is no doubt that the researches and curate knowledge of the history and forma labours of Dr Lee have proved serviceable of the church came into conspicuous exercise, in other ways to literature. It deserves to and in the " Pastoral Addresses" which he be remembered, forinstance, thatDrM'Crie made it part of his duty to compose, he dis- was largely indebted in the composition of playetl pre-eminently those qualities which his life of Melville to an elaborate collection marked all his compositions and public of M.S. S. on the subject, freely placed at his ' services. Dr Ch.-ilmers called these ' saintly disposal by his friend Dr Lee. As a biblio- and beautiful compositions," and described grapher, especially in Bible literature, Dr them as " deeply tinctured with the spirit Lee had few equals. As a collector of books, and style of Moravianism," possessing " a we presume, he had none in this country. simplicity, a beauty, and an unction His passion for accumulating iu this respect that form the best literary character- amounted indeed to weakness, for he had istics of a devotional or apostolical ad- often more books than it was possible not dress." In 1837 Dr Lee received the ap- only to use but even to find room for. It is pointment of Principal of the United College a known fact that at one time he had a of St Andrews, but resigned it in the course separate hired house for containing his books, of a few months, retaining his charge in the while every available comer of his own Old Church of Edinburgh. In the follow- dwelling was crammed, not excepting the ing year he was proposed as Moderator of very lobbies. Till within a comparatively the General Assembly, which gave rise to recent date, no considerable sale of books an exciting and painful controversy, into could take place at which one did not espy, the merits of which it is unnecessary now to at some hour of the day, the spare and enter. The successful candidate for the venerable, but to the last erect and even honour on the occassion was Dr Gardiner of gi-aceful figure of Principal Lee. Nor shall Bothwell. In the same year he had the we soon forget that reverend and scholarly offer of the secretaryship of the Scottish presence, that grave and polished utterance, Bible Board, but dechned that valuable ap- those weighty, but simple, words of instruc- pointment On the death of Dr Baird, in tion and counsel, often couched with such 1840, he received the just reward of his pre- quaint felicity, which at the opening of each eminent learning and high character, in college session reminded the members of our being elected Principal of the University of University that another academic year had Edinburgh, the duties of which office he come round. The following is the hst of discharged with conscientious fideUty to the pubUcations above referred to :—1. Sermon very last. Soon after, he was made a Dean before the Public Dispensary and Vaccine of the Chapel-Eoyal ; and in 1843 he suc- Institution, 8vo, 1809. 2. Sermon before ceeded Dr Chalmers iu the Chair of Divinity. St Andrew's Lodge, as Chaplain to the In the year following he was chosen Mode- Grand Lodge of Scotland, 8vo, Perth, 1819. rator of the General Assembly. We have 3. Remarks on the Complaints of the King's called Dr Lee the most learned of Scottish Printers as to exportmg Bibles from Eng- ecclesiastics. In this respect, indeed, he land, 8vo, Edinburgh 1824. 4. Memorial for represented a type of character now ex- the Bible Societies, &c., 8vo, 1824. 5. Re- tremely rare. He pursued his researches to marks on the Answers for the King's Print- the last in the most recondite departments ers as to the exportation of Bibles, 8vo, 182U. of inquiry from a pure love of study for its 6. SeiTuon before the Society in Scotland own sake ; and probably the very variety for Propagating Christian Knowledge, 8vo, and accumulation of his learning, conjoined 1829. 7. Letter on the Annuity-tax and with a most fastidious taste, was the Ecclesiastical Arrangements of Edinburgh, principal reason why he gave so little proof Svo, 1834. 8. Letter to Lord Melville rela- 207 '

FIFESHIRE BIOGRAPHY. LEI tive to Glasgow University, 8vo, 1837. 9. ordinary merit. In simple and appropriate Refutation of Charges made against Dr l.inguage it explains many of the startling Lee by Dr Chalmers and Others, 8vo, 1837. phenomena of the starry heavens ; and 10. Observations on Lyon's "History of St without in the least disparaging the some- Andrews," 8vo, 1839. 11. Admonition on what over-wrought, although instructive, the Observance of the Lord's Day—Address volumes of his friend Dr_ Nichol on the upon the Fast—Pastoral Letter on Family same subject, we must give Mr Leitch's Worship, 1834-36. 12. Pastoral Letter for me the palm of superiority for promis- the General Assembly, 1843. 13. Catalogue cuousness and a pecuharly felicitous expo- of Books sold by Auction, 1842. Dr Lee sition of the newest discoveries in astrono- died in the beginniu" of May 1859. mical science. He even turned his knowledge LEITUH, l!ey. William, D.D., formerly to ])ractical account in the heating of minister of ilonimail, afterwards Principal churches—the churchesof MouimaU, Cupar, of Queen's College, Canada, was born at and many others besides, being warmed by Rothesay about the year 1817, and died at stoves on a principle of his suggestion. It Kingston on the 9th May 1864. He is more particularly, however, as a minister completed his education in the University that he will be remembered in this neigh- of Glasgow. Whilst a student in the Ijourhood. The clerical profession was that latter institution he greatly distinguished of his deliberate choice, springing from an himself in the departments of mathematics earnest desire to benefit s|>iritually his fel- and physical science ; so much so, indeed, lowmen. Having been licensed to preach that, for several seasons, he was intrusted the Gospel in 1839, he was soon after en- with the charge of the astronomical ob- gaged as assistant to the Rev. Dr Stevenson, servatorj', and on various occasions con- at that tune minister of Arbroath, and, ducted the classes of Dr Nichol, Professor afterwards an assistant to the .aged minister of Astronomy, and Dr Meiklam, Professor of Kirkden, in the same Presbytery. In of Natural Philosophy. During these years 1843, on the presentation of the late of of study and scientific pursuit, he acquired Leven and Melville, he became minister of that profound and varied knowledge, and Monimail, and there he continued tiU 1860, those habits of close and accurate -obser- when he was selected by the Trustees of vation, which afterwards so much distin- Queen's College, Kingston, for the office guished him—in short, the development of of Principal and Prim.iriu3 Profe3.sor of that academic mind which, in the opinion Divinity in that institution. His parochial of all who knew him, pointed to the Pro- labours at Monimail were manifold, and fessor's chair as his aiipropriate place. most acceptable to all classes of his parish- Everything about him, his conversation, ioners. Sabbath and week day he was ever

habits, pursuits, and even household equip- at his post ; on the former, not only offi- ments, indicated the scientific enquirer. ciating in the church, but also giving even-

The gigantic telescope in his lobby, which ing services in school-rooms in the villages ; his Monimail parishinners cnuteinplated and and on the latter, visiting regularly from

spoke of with awe ; his uiiori.)r^c( i] .fs and other house to house. Few ministers are in the

ajjparatus fiUiuL,' liis study ; the last scien- habit of doing more p.arochial work, for

tific journal on his taljle ; all gave indication with indefatigable assiduity he gave himself that his was a mind tliat loved to kee]) from day to day to the efficient superinten- abreast of the science of the day. Even dence of day schools, parish Ubrary, the when he took to keeping bees, the thing was poor, and especially the religious iustruotiou done, not as a recreation, but as a matter of the young in the Sabbath School. Long, of science. For some seasons he watched accordingly, will his labours be remembeieil the busy insects in his g.arden, experimenting in Monimail, and the Iciiulliest sentiments upon them with all sorts of contrivances; be aw.akened in the hc:iits of tljc jiarish- and we believe, that, at one meeting of the ionei-s there as they ree;d tlie bland look British Association, he embodied the results and genial accents of a minister whose of his investigations in a memoir imparting every and most earnest desiie was for their much curious information. If we mistake temporal and spiritual welfare. Dr Leitch not, several papers of his on this subject was constantly writing. To use one of his ' afterwards appeared in "Good Words." in own expressions, he always ' studied with consequence of such habits, he had no diffi- the jien in his hand." But we are not aware culty of occupying the position of popular that he has left behind bun any lengthened

lecturer ; and there are many in this quarter or consecutive treatise. Besides the astro- who still remember with much gratification nomical work already referred to, he was the instruction he communicated in his lec- author of m.any articles in "Macphail's tures, delivered before numerous audiences, EdinburL^h JIagazinu," and latterly in on Astronomy, Electricity, and even such " Good VV.irds," to Ij. ith of which periodicals topics as Artillery projectiles, and the -Minie he was a reLiular contributor. At the time Rifle. But astronouiy was undoulitedly Ids of the diseujsiuns rekitive to our Parish forte. He wrote f..r " Goo.l U-or.ls" a sei Schools, he piibUslieil a pamphlet on that of articles on his favnurite theme, wb subject, which was much thought of, and

were afterwords cnlk-cted and puiilislied extensively circulated ; and many years ago, a small vohuiie, under the title nf "tin a sermon of bis was gixeii in the second Glory in the Heavens." It is a work of volume of the " Church of Scotland Pulpit," LEI FIFESHIRE BIOGRAPHY. LEI " entitled the Missionary's Warrant," per- person he was inclined to stoutness ; his h:vps the host sermon, certainly one of the head was large, and almost entirely bald ; most ])o\veifully-reasonecl and eloijuently- his walk semewhat lame in conseipieuce of worded, in the two volumes of that publica- disease in the leg in early youth ; his face tion. His theology was not that of the ever beaming with good humour. We do modem and critical school, but founded on not believe he was ever angry in his life ; the earnest and jirofound study of the certainly, although we knew liim well, and Evangelical Divines of the sixteenth and had most frequent opportunities of witness- seventeenth centuries ; and therefore of a ing his deportment, sometimes in circum- far more solid and mascuUne description ; stances of great provocation, we do not in a word, the good old theology of the remember a single instance of his equani- Howes, the Baxters, and the Erskines of mity being disturbed, or of his showing former days. We have no doubt that, had resentment in word or even look. By Dr he been spared, he would have made a deep Leitch 's death the Church lost one of her impression of his massively thoughtful mind most accomplished and efficient office- on the theology of the Canadian C'hm-ch ; Ijearei-s, and all wlio had the honour of his and, perhaps, left behind him a hudy vi friendship one of the most kindly and loving lectures wortliy of taking their place Ijy the of friends. We believe his last illness — ac- side of those of the great teachersin Divinity companied with sjiiisms of the heart—was of similar institutions. His appointment long continued and very severe. But many as Principal in the Canadian College has dear and attentive friends encompassed his been pronounced by competent judges a bed—did all in tlieir power to mitigate his great success. The College, when he en- sore distress, and saw him deposited in an tered it, and, indeed, still, may be said to honoured grave. His was undeniably a be in its infancy. But no one could be life of Christian usefulness ; his soul in de- better fitted than Dr Leitch for the work of parting was cheered by the hope of tlie organisation ; and in this field he was con- Gospel ; and his end was the peace of those tinually labouring—strauiing every nerve to wbo die in the Lord. We learn from the complete the staff of Professors in all the "Presbyterian," a Canadian publication, faculties of University study, secure ade- that a movement had been set on foot to quate endowments, and acquire a prestige endow a memorial Professorsliip in the for the new establishiuent equal to that of Theological Faculty as "a tribute to the any of the more ancient seats of learning. personal worth, extensive attainments, and lu addition to this, he sought to maintain zealous labours of the late Principal." The in the pulpit, the platform, and committee- proposal is to erect a new chair for Chm-ch room, the cause ot the Church of Scotland History. In commenting upon the move- in Canada. Indeed, we have more than a ment, the " Presbyterian" says :—Dr Luitch sus])icion that his last Ulness was precipi- is acknowledged to havu sacritiLid much and toiled arduously in \iAi-Ai i-f MiKeu"s

' vaca- Univei-sity. While caring incessantly for tion to rest from the winter's many toUs, all the departments of the institution, lie and in congenial studies, he occupied himself was pai-ticidarly devoted to the business of in traveUiug amongst tlie churches, anil his own class-room. His students speak bearing a leading jiart in public and other with enthusiastic gratitude of the value of meetings of an ecclesiastical kind, so that, his prelections and of the fatherly interest when the College session commenced, he he took in them as aspirants to the office of came ti> the duties of liis chair in no small the ministry. His mode of superintending degree jaded and exhausted. He left be- their prejiaratious for the solemn work of hind him one sou and one daughter to caring for souls^ was somewhat novel, but mourn his loss. His wife died at Monimail eminently practical, and there is no doubt, many years ago. In many parts of the as we have heard several of them remark, country, but especially in Fife, there are that had his life been spared his course friends who will never cease to cherish his when fuUy matured would have been most memory. While his talents and learning interesting and useful. A substantial tribute were of the highest order, reflecting honour to the memory of such a man, to be con- at once upon himself and the sacred profes- nected in some way with the scene of his sion to which he devoted them all, his bear- latest efforts, occurs very natundly to his ing and manners were ever, and in no friends in Scotland and in this country as a ordinary degree, those of the gentleman and proper object for co-operation, and it is sug- Christian. No one ever heard him utter an gested, very happily we think, that it should unkind or ungenial word. The smile ever consist of a theological professorship. No played upon his countenance, and his ring more appropriate means of honouring and ing laugli in jirivate, wlien cheerful conver perpetuating his memory could be advised. sation was going on, indicated the genial It will be infinitely better than any monu- sympathies of the man. Dr Leitch ment of stone or marble, more consonant

man whose personal worth, distinguished with the spirit and tastes of the i attainments, and labours in the Christian titte reflex ministry had won for him the regard and posterity affection of a large circle of friends both in Monimail and other districts of Fife. In FIFESHTRK BIOGRAPHY. who Mujs^~^^^^^ LESLIE, D.vi., first Lord Newark a 1 was the mUitaxy.^ commander . celebratedlebrated . : the —^ ,. _._ , f^^.^'X^a, „.dand „aswas present at Pitcairly °i"farmy into England, fifth son of Sir Patrick Leslie of Worcester, defeat of the Koyal forces at of Lindores by his wife Lady Commendator 1651. He escaped from the battle, daughter of tbe tirBt Sept, 3, Jean Stuart, second in his retreat through youth he went into but was intercepted . In his and committed to the lo\yerot Adolphus, K.ing ot Yorkshire, the service of Gustavus he remained tiU 1060, being distinguished London, where Sweden, and having highly of (jrace, fined £4000, by Cromwell's Act wars of Germany, rose to the himself in the After the Itcstoi General Horse. When the Civil 1654. of Colonel of < rank Leslie, in consideration ..i ms in Britain he returned to Wars broke out suffering in tlie l^oyal appointed Major-General services and Scotland, and was Newark, Ijv i^iten of i-even, was created Lord of the army, which, xmder the Earl the he lalc August 31, 1661, to him, and England to aid the Parlia- marched into He also obtained a pension ot 1644. He mainly of his body. mentary forces in J anuary 165, he received a troops £500 a-year. In June contributed to the defeat of the Kmg's f-';'""''/'? " tbe fm:ther proof of his Majesty s Muir, in July of that year ; at Marston from Charles, dated the 10th of that his command having letter Scots cavah-y under of his continued con- of tbe month, assuring him broken and disjiersed the right wmg satisfied ot his fidence, and that he w.as fully In 1645, after the defeat of Gen, enemies Royalists. conduct and loyalty, his Lordship s Gen. David Leshe was re Baillie at Kilsyth, endeavoured to imiiress the King Scottish horse from the seige having called with the him. His Lordship died m 16b2. oppose the progress of the a^ainlt of Hereford, to had manied Jean, daughter of Su- J ohn Montrose, whom he overthrew He Marquis of Yorke, Knight, by whom he had a son who sanguinary engagement at Fhilip- after a succeeded him, and six daughters. Upon near Selkkk, on the 13th September Lord haugh, the decease, in 1694, of David, second For this victory the Committee of that year. Newark, without heirs-male, the title was Estates atterivards voted hun a gold chain to of assmned by his daughter, and continued merks, out of the fine imposed with 50,000 her descendants till 1(03, when one of the be borne by on the Marquis of Douglas, of Lords and it was disallowed by the House RoyaUsts' officers engaged m the action. is considered extinct. rejomed the Scots army „ , t i Leslie subsequently John, commonly caUed Lord Leven, then lying before LESLIE, under the Earl of died at Exmouth, June 5, 1818. on its return into Newark, Newark-uron-Trent, and North Britain and many Lieutenant- He was a native of Scotland he was declared Buffs or 3d upon years Lieut. -Colonel of the Old General, and had a pension settled the Kmg. Foot, and an aide-de-camp to per month, over and above his him of £1000 a friend to the distressed, and the the Perthshire Horse. He was pay as Colonel ot found in him a liberal beiiefac- he proceeded poor always VV ith a force ot about 6000 men was the fourth direct afterwards tor. His Lordship the northern districts, and -Gen. David into lineal descendant from Lieut. to the Western Isles, and complett^y Parha- passed Leshe, who commanded the Scotch suppressed the insurrection m favour of the Dunbar, Mon- mentary forces at the battle of Kin"- which had been set on foot by parts. In trose and his adherents in these The Family of, was entered upon ^1eSLi1--K0THES, 1648 when the engagement Leslyn, anobleHunga,nan, the Bortholemewde for the rescue of King Charles, then m the district ot settled with his followers m ParUament, Leslie was ottered ot hands of the in AberdeensMre, in the reign horse on the occasion, Garioch, the command of the and was ancestor ot the various the Chm-ch having William I., but deeUned to serve, those ot Rothes, Balqu- the army families of Leslie, disapproved of the expedition. Of (see Burkes h.ane, Wardes, Warthill, &c., remained in Scotland, he retained the that Gentry). The sixth m succession lu 1650, after Lauded rank of Maior-Geueral. Bartholomew was Sur Andrew de the covenant, David from Charles II. had taken marrried, in the tune ot the Earl ot Leshe, Knt., who Leslie was, on the resignation of and co-heir of Robert I., Mary, daughter appointed Commander-m-Chief ot Leven, Alexander Abernethy, of Abernethy by his behalf. By his cool- Sir the forces raised in the baronies of Kotbes repeatedly whom he obtained ness, vigilance, .and sagacity, he Andrew was one ot CromweU, whom and Ballenbreich. Sir baffled the superior army ot signed the letter to tne but, yielding the who shut up in Dunbar ; he at last 1320, asserting the independence of the Committee Pone in to the impetuous demands descendant, George Leslie, was ac- of Scotland. His of Church and State, by whom he the peer_age ot of Rothes, was elevated to companied, and who controlled all his move- 14o,, by Scotland before the 20th March ments, he rashly descended from his com- County Elgin the title ot Eari ot Kotbes,_ position, and in consequence manding Lordship married, first M argaret, defeat from Cromwell, His sustained a signal Lundin of Lundm, County his army daughter of Sept.3, 1650. With the remains ot daughter Mar- Fife by whom he had one to Stiriing, where he made the he retired to George Leshe of Leshe. dispositions, .and was rraret, married most skilful defensive secondly. Christian, CromweU his The Eari married, able, tor a time, to check m Hahburton, Lord Charies, dau-hter of Sir WiUiam victorious career. Being jomed by LES FIFESHIRE BIOGRAPHY. LES

Dirleton, by whom he had George, second by his elder sister, Lady Jane Elizabeth Earl. This nobleman .and his brother Wil- Leslie, .as Countess of Kcjthes. Her Lady- li.am., falUns together at Flodden, in 151.3, ship's right of succession w.as dis|iuted by the ]>eerage devolved upon the son of tlie her uncle, the Hon. Andrew Leslie, Equerry Latter, George, thii-d E.arl, who died in 155S, to the Princess Dowager of Wales, but the at Dieppe, in returning to Scotland, and Court of Session decided in her favour. was succeeded by hia eldest son, (by his The Couutpss niarrie.l first, in 1766, George second wife,' Agnes, second daughter of Sir Ravnioiid Mvrlyu. Esq., youngest son of John Somerville of Cambusnethan), An- William Exelyu (llanville, Esq. of Clere, drew, fourth Earl, who m.arried, first, lUtli June 1.54S, Grizel, daughter of Sir James her successor. Her Ladyship H.amilton of Finn.art, by whom he had married secondly, in 1772, .Sir Lucas Pejiys, John, fifth Earl. This nobIem.an married Bart., by whom (who died in 1830) she ha' Anne, daughter of John, , and issue. The Countess died in 1810, and ' ilying in 1C41, Wiis succeeded by his son, succeeded by her eldest son. George WiUiam, John, sixth E.arl, who carried the sword of tenth Earl, born 28th March 1768, who state when Charles II. w.as crowned at married first, 24th M.ay 1789, Henrietta Scone, in 16,'Jl. His Lordship's estates were Anne Pelliam, eldest daughter of Thomas subsequently confiscated for his adherence first , by whom (who to that mon.arch, and he became a prisoner died in 1797) he had Henrietta Anne, who himself at the Battle of Worcester. After succeeded him as third Countess, bom in the liestoration, however, he was re-instated 1790, and married in 1806, George Gwyther, in hi,«5 property, was constituted President of who assurae

Anne Lindes.ay, eldest d-iughter of John of Scotland ; born 4th February 1835, who , by whom he had two dying without issue was succeeded by his daughters ; but as he died without male sister. issue in IGSl, the dukedom .and inferior LESLIE, Henrietta Anderson titles of 1680 expired, while the Earldom of Morshead, Countess of Rothes, Baroness Rothes, according to the limitation of 1663, Leslie and BaUenbreich, was born in 1832, devolved upon his Grace's eldest daughter. and succeeded her brother in 1859 ; she Lady Marg

Tweeddale, High Chancellor of Scotland ; , in 1729, He was appointed a Lord of Council and Session in the room of James Erskine of Grange, and took his Lieuten.ant-General in the army, and Com- seat on the 11th of July 1734. He repre- m.ander-in-Chief of the Forces in Ireland. sented his Majesty George the Second as His Lordship married first, in 1741, H.annah, Commissioner to the General Assembly of youngest daughter and cc-heir of Matthew the Church of Scotland from 1741 to 1753— How.ard, Esq., of Th(n-pe, County Norfolk, was chosen one of the representative Peers by whom he had John, his successor, with in 1747—appointed to succeed Lord Tor- another son and two daughters. He mar- phichen as one of the Lords of Police in ried secondly, Miss Lloyd, daughter of 1754 ; and died at Balcarres on the 2d of Mary, Countess of Haddington, by her first September of that year. husband, but by her (who married secondly, LESLIE, Sir John, Professor of Natural Bennet Langton, Esq. of Langton, and Philosophy in the University of Edinburgh. died in 1820) had no issue. He died in —This eminent philosopher breathed his 1767, and was succeeded by his elder son, last on the night of Saturday the 3d of John, ninth Earl, who married Jane, November 1832, at his seat of Coates, situate d.aughter of Thomas Maitland, Esq., but within two miles of Largo, in Fifeshire, the dying without issue in 1773, was suoceeeded place of his birth. We grieve to think that 271 LES FIFESHIRE BTOGRAPHY. LES

his fate was too prnbalily hastened by one was a translation of Buffon's " Natural of those foibles which sometimes curiously History of Birds," which was published in protrude themselves amidst the better 1793, in nine octavo volumes. The sum he powers and habitudes of his original and received for it laid the foundation of that vigorous mind—a contempt of medicine, pecuniary independance which, unhke many and an unwillingness to think that he could other men of genius, his prudent habits be seriously ill. A neglected cold, and ex- fortunately enabled him early to attain. posure to wet, in superintending some im- The preface to this work, which w-as pub- provements on his much-loved place, fol- lished anonymously, is characterised by all

lowed by erysipelas in one of his legs, not the pecuharities of his later style ; but it much headed by himself at first, brought on also bespeaks a mind of great native vigour his death. He was out on his grounds on and lofty conceptions, strongly touched with

Wednesday se'nnight ; but the disorder from admiration for the sublime and the grand in that day incre.ased so rajiidly as to finish its nature and science. Sometime afterwards sad work, as already meiitit>ni.'d, on the fol- he proceeded to the United States of lowing Saturday ni'-,'ht. He was born tin Ameria, as a tutor to one of the distin- April 1766, and destined, we beUeve, by guished family of the Randolphs, and after his parents, to follow the humble though his return to Britain, he engaged with the respectable occupations connected with a late Mr Thomas Wedgwood, to accompany small farm and mill. But before he reached him to the Continent, various parts of which his twelfth year, he had attracted consider- he visited with that accomplished person, able notice by his proneness to calculation whose early death he ever lamented as a loss

and geometrical exercises ; and he was, in to science and to his country. At what consequence, early mentioned to the late period Mr Leslie first struck into that Professor John Eobison, and by him to brilliant field of enquiry, where he Ijecarae so Professors Playfair and Stewart. They conspicuous for his masterly experiments saw him, we think, in his boyhood, and and striking discoveries regarding radiant were much struck by the extraordinary heat, and the connection between light and

powers which he then displayed. After heat, we are unable to say ; but his differen- some previous education, his parents were tial thermometer—one of the most beautiful induced, in consequence of strong recom- and deUcate instruments that inductive mendations, and of obtaining for him the genius ever contrived as a help to experi- patronage of the late Earl of Kinnoul, to mental enquiry, and which rewarded enter him a student at the University of St its author by its happy ministry to the Andrews, Having passed some time in success of some of his finest experiments that ancient seminary, he removed to Edin- —must have been invented before the burgh, in company with another youth, year 1800, as it was described, we think, destined like himself to .obtain a high niche in Nicholson's " Philosophical Journal" the teniple of .scientific fame—James some time during that year. The results of these enquiries, in which he was so much aided by this exquisite instrument, Adarn Suiitli, to assist the studies of his were published to the world in 1804, in nejihew Mr Douglas, afterwards Lord his celebrated "Essay on the Nature and Keston. Disliking the church, for which, Propogation of Heat." The experimental we believe, he haarents, he proceeded to London, after com- distinguished this publication, far more pleting the usual course of study in Edin- than atone for its great defects of method, burgh. He carried with him some recom- its very questionable theories, and its trans-

mendatory letters from Dr Smith ; and we gressions against that simplicity of style recollect to have heard him mention, that which its aspiring author rather spurned one of the most pressing injunctions with than was unable to exemplify, but which which he was honoured by this illustrious must be allowed to be a quahty pecuharly philosopher, was to be sure, if the person to indispensable to the communication of whom he was to present himself was an scientific knowledge. The work was author, to read his book before approaching honoured, on the following year, by the him, so as to be able to speak of it, if there unanimous adjudication to its author, by should be a fit opportunity. His earhest the Council of the Koyal Society, of the employment in the capital, as a hterary ad- Eumford Medals, appropriated to reward venturer, was derived from the late Dr Wm. dLscoveries in that province, whose nature Thomson, the author of many and various and limits he had so much illustrated and liooks, all of wlucli, with the exception of extended. The year just alluded to (1805) his " Life of Phihp the Third," have fallen must, on other accounts, be ever viewed as into oblivion. Dr Thomson's ready pen was memorable in the history of Mr Leslie's life, often used for others, who took or got the and we fear we must add, in the history of merit of his labours ; and if we recollect ecclesiastical persecution of the followers of rightly, he employed Mr Leslie in writing science. It was in this year that he was or correcting notes for an edition of the elected to the Mathematical Chair in our Bible with notes, then publishing in num- University, and that our Church Courts bers, under some popular theological name. were disturbed and contaminated by an un- But Mr Leslie's first important undertaldng warrantable attempt to annul that election. 272 LES FIFESniEE BIOGRAPHY.

Cut we gladly pnss from this humiliating sufficient of itself for the formation of safe uxhibition to pursue the more grateful conclusions ; or in that subtilty and reach theme fiuTiishcd by that course of experi- of discernment which seizes the finest and mental discovery, by which Mr Leslie least obvious relations among the objects of conferred new lustre on that celebrated science—which elicits the hidden secrets of seminary, from which sumo mis;;uiik-d sons nature, and ministers to new combinationa of the Churcli woulil have cast hiiij furth as of her powers. There were some flaws, it an unworthy intrmhr. It wa^i in ISIO, we must be allowed, in the mind of this memor. think, that he arrived, tlirc.iiyli the assis- able person. He strangely undervalued tance of another of his ingenious contriv- some branches of philosophical enquiry of ances—his hygrometer—at the discovery of high importance in the curcle of human that singularly beautiful process of artilicial knowledge. His credulity in matters of congelation, which enabled him to convert ordin.ary life w,as, to say the least of it, as water and mercury into ice. We happened conspicuous as his tendency to scepticism to witness tlie consummation of the dis- in science. It h.as been profoundly re- coverv— at least of tlle pevforuianee of one markeil by Mr Dugald Stuart, that "al- of the first successful repetitious of the pro- though the mathematician m.ay be pre-

cess Ijy wliich it was elfected ; and we sliall from going far never forget the joy and elation which 5 to which his em irs beamed on the face of the discoverer, aa, apt to be revolted with his characteristic good nature, he pa- in other matters." tiently ex] Jained the steps by which he had ," he adds, "m.athe-

In; .11 1,111,. Ii;i\>' I > !,^l been led to it. We felt, on hu.kine :., . :,,M -U Id accpuescc m con- ^

listening to him, albeit not Ii:i|' i J ,1 • . - ::-::. liidcus to men of

- < verbal exposition even of his own 1 :e tiling of the same

-i ' \-:i',ii; how noble and elevating must U- ,ii^ ..ri i..i]M \.;,~ l-i 1 ill the mind of this faction derived from thus acquiring a miis- distinguislied mathematician, for such also tery over the powers of nature, and enabling he was. He was apt, too, to run into some man, weak and finite as he is, to reproduce startUng hypotheses, from an unwan-ant- some of her wondrous works. Mr Leslie able apphcation of mathematical principles

was removed to the chair of Natural Philo- to subjects altogether foreign to them ; as sophy in 1819, on the death of Professor when he finds an analogy between cu-culat- Playf.air. He had previoitely iHibhshed his ing decimals and the lengthened cycles of " Elementsot Geometry," andan " Account the seasons. In all his writing's, with the of Experiments and Instruments depending exception, perhaps, of his Last considerable on the Relation of Air to Heat and Mois- performance—even in the sober held of pmre ture." Of his " Elements on Natural Phi- mathematics—there is a constant straining losophy," afterwards compiled for the use after "thoughts that breathe and words that of his class, only one volume has been pub- burn," and a love of abstract, and figurative, lished. He wrote, besides the works men- and novel modes of exjiressiion, whichhas ex- tioned, some admirable articles in "The posed them to just criticism by impartial Edinburgh Review," and several very judges, and to some puny fault-finding by valuable treatises on different branches of others more willing to carp at defects than Physics, in the Supplement to the "Ency- to point out the merits which redeem them. clopEedia Britannica." His last, and cer- But when even severe criticism has said its tainly one of his best and most interesting worst, it must lie allowed that genius has compositions, was 'a "Discourse on the struck its captivating imiiress deep and History of Mathematical and Physical wide over .all bis wiiliS. His more airy Science," during the eighteenth century, pre-

fixed to the seventh edition of that National demin ' .1-itein.struments, and

I i Encyclopeedia. He received the honoOT of his 111 , iititul experimental knighthood, on the suggestion, we beheve, combiii.iiiiiii-i. \m:] evil- attest the faithful- of the Lord Chancellor. It would be im- ness of bis mind, .and continue to act as possible, we think, for any intelligent and helps to further discovery. We have already well-constituted mind to review the labours alluded to the extent and excursiveness of of this distinguished man without a strong his reading. It is rare, indeed, to find a feeUng of admiration for his inventive man of so much invention, and who himself genius and vigorous powers, and respect tor valued the inventive above all the other that extensive knowledge, wdiich his active powers, possessing so vast a store of learned curiosity, his various reading, and his and curious information. His reading ex- happy memory had enabled him to attain. tended to every nook and comer, however Some few of his contemporaries in the same oliscure, which books have touched upon. walks of science may have excelled him in He w.as a lover, too, and that in no ordinary profundity of understanding, in philosophi- degree, of what is commonly called anec-

cal caution, and in logical accuracy ; but we dote. Though he did not shine in mixetl doubt if any .surpassed him, whilst he must society, and was latterly unfitted by a con- be allowed to have surpassed many, in that siderable degi-ee of deafnsss, for enjoying it, creative faculty—one of the highest and his conversation, when seated with one or rarest of nature's gifts—which leads and is two, was highly entertaining. It had no necessary to discovery, though not all- repartee, and no fine terms of any kind, but No. XXXV. 273 ;

LIN FIFESHIRE BIOGRAPHY. LIN it had a strongly original and racy caste, and the OgUvics, who had qB.arrclled. and replete with etriking remarks and Alexander, fourth carl, sumamed the Tiger curious information. Our readers will have Earl, from the ferocity of his character, perceivetl that, much as we admire the entered into a league with the E.arl of genius and talents of the subject of this Dauglas and Macdonald of the Isles, to hasty sketch, we are not writing an indis- dethrone the King ; but after the murder criminate eulogy upon his mind and charac- of Douglfis, he w.o-s defeated by the Royal ter. His memory requires nothing such to Lieutenant Huntly at the b.attle of Brechin, ensure due concern for his loss, or to assuage in 1452. His estates were forfeited ; but on the feelings of surviving friends. He had his submission and surrender he was par- faults, no doubt, as all " of woman horn" doned, through the intercession of Bishop have ; and we have heard enough of them Kennedy. David, fifth tarl, his son, be- in our time from some who, it may be, have came the most powerful m.an of his family, more. He had prejudices, of which it would acquired theheredit.ary Sheriffdom of Angus, have been better to be rid ; he was not over was .apjiointed Keeper of Berwick and High fcharitable in his views of human virtue Admiral, Master of the Household, Lord and he was not quite so ready, on all occa- Ch,amberlain, Joint High Justiciary, and sions, to do justice to kindred merit as was for twenty ye.ars was employed in almost to be expected in so ardent a worshipper of every embassy and public negotiation that genius. But his faults were far more than took place between England and Scotl.and. compensated by his many good qualities— He was a strenuous supporter of James TIL by his constant equanimity, his cheerful- against his rebel b.arons, and, as a reward ness, his simplicity of character almost in- for his services, was created Duke of M on- fantile, his straightforwardness, his perfect trose. After the defeat .and de.ath of that freedom from affectation, and, above all, unfortunate monajch, the Duke suffered his unconquerable good nature. He was, severely for his loyalty. His son John, indeed, one of the most placable of human sixth earl, who did not assume the title of beings ; and if, as has been thought, he duke, fell at Flodden. In the gre.at struggle generally had a steady eye, in hia worldly between the Protest.ants and the Romanists course, to his own interest, it cannot be at the Reformation, the elder br,anch of the denied th.at he was, notwithstanding, a Lindsays espoused the Romish side, and warm and good friend, .and a relation on were deeply implicated in the intrigues .and whose affection.ate assistance a firm reliance plots of that pfirty during the reigns of could ever be pl.aced. M.ary .and J.ames VI. They were Royalists, LINDSAY, TheFashltop.—Thename too, in the gre.at civil war, and were ulti- of this noble Scottish family has figured mately involved in the ruin of the cause conspicuously in the history of the country. which they h.ad embr.aced. The Byres The first of the name who settled in Scot- branch of the Linds.ays rose on the ruins of land was an Anglo-Norman Baron named the old house, and succeeded them in the Walter De Lindsay, who flourished in the Gr.awford title. John, sixth Lord Lindsay reign of D.avid I. Their original possessions of the Byres, waa a zealous Protestant, and appear to h-ave been at Ercildun, now Earl- a man of stera character. It was he " whoso ' ston, in Roxburghshire, and iit Crawfortl in iron eye beheld fair Mary weep in vain"

Clydesdale ; but they speedily e.\tended when he assisted in extracting from her the themselves into H.iddington, Forfar, Fife, resignation of her crown at Lochleven. and most of the Lowl.and counties in Scot- His son James, seventh Lord Lindsay, was land, multiplied into numerous branches, " a man of great t.alent, supple, subtle, and attiiined high dignities both in church and ambitious," but a g.allant soldier and an ac- state, .and vast influence in the country. complished scholar. Earl John, his son. They were zealous .adherents of Wall.ace .and succeeded in obtaining the Earldom of Bruce. One of them .assisted at the slaughter Crawford on the extinction of the elder of the Red C!omyn ; .another perished in the branch, to the exclusion of the B.alcarras battle of Kirkencliflfe ; and no fewer thiin family, who were nearer in blood. He held 80 gentlemen of their name are said to have the offices of High Tre.asOTer of Scotland fallen .at Dupplin, fighting against Ealliol. and President of the Parliament, and w.os The ancient b.all.ad on the b.attle of Atter- one of the principal leaders of the moder,ate bum makes special mention of the v.al

LIN FIFESHIRE BIOGEAPHY. LIN

Princo Eufe'eue, and subscfiUBUtly fought deen, Inverness, Banff, Lanark, Dumfries, uuiiur Guueriil Munich in the war between Kircudbright, and Wigton. The family liusaia aud Turkey in 17;{8, and ao((uired alliances were of a dignity to this high estate. groat distinction forhis courage and activity. Thrice did the heads of this great house At the close of the cam|)aign lie rejointdthe match immediately with Royalty. Such Imperialists, and at the battle of Ki-otska was the dignity of the Earl of Crawford, wjw de^ijerately wounded by a musket ball, and such the extent of his power, and gran- whii:h broke his thigh bone, and caused him deur of his alliauces in the thirteenth, four- tlie most dreadful agony. From the etl'ects teenth, and hfteoiith centuries. Let us now of tliis wouml he never completely recovered. contemplate the fortunes of two of the prin- In 17.i'J ho was made Adjiitaiit-CIonoral, aud cipal members of this illustrious race in the obtained tllo ooialuaild ••!' tllo lilaok Watch, asthe-lL'ud lii-lilaiid JJo-iineut was then 'Jth of February 1G.S1, died, a prisoner in termed. In 1717 ho was appointod to the Eduiburgh Castle, David, twelfth Earl of command of the Scots Urcj-s, and ultimately CrawfortU Iteckless, prodigal, aud despe- ro.sc to the raids of Lientcnaut-Ueiieral. lu rate, he had alienated the possessions of his i 1743 he joined the Eriti-sh army hi Flanders earldom, so as to reduce the family to the under llarehal .Stair. His " nublc aud wise" brink of ruin. He had no sous, and, to conduct .It the battle of Dottiiigoii received prevent furtlier delapidation, the agnates of special commendation ; and at Foutonoy he the house determined, in solemn counsel, to covered the retreat with great gallantry. imi>rison him for life. Ho was accordingly Though his wound troubled bun much, and confined, the victim of his own foUy, and of though he had the misfortune to lose his this family conspiracy, in the Castle of wife, the Iwautiful Lady Jean Murray, Edmbm-gh until liis death. He left an daughter of the Duke of jVthol, before she oidy orphan child, the Lady Jean, hen-ess had completed her twentieth year, he con- of the hue of the Earl of Crawford. This tinued to serve with the army till the con- wretched girl, destitute aud uncared for, clusion of the peace of Ai.v-la-ChapeUe. On was doomed to undergo the deepest humiha- his return to Loudon his wound liroke out tioii. She received no education, and was for tile twenty-ninth time, ami ho oxiiiioi.! allowed to run about little better than a on Christmas day, 1740, aged forty-so\ou. tinker or a gipsy ; she eloped with a com- Lord Crawford was as much beloved for his mon crier, aud at one period lived entirely amiability, as he was admired for his great by mendicancy, as a sturdy begg.ir or talent, mihtary skill, and elegant mauuers. " tramp." The case of this high-boru His. countrymen regarded him as " the most pauper was made known to Kiug Charles generous, the most gallant, the bravest, and the Seccmd soon after the liestoration, and the finest nobleman of his time." The that monarch very kindly granted her a Byres Una of the Lindsays terminated in pension of a-hundred-a-y car- -then a very 1808, on the death of George, twenty-second considerable sum— in consideration of her Earl of Crawford. The Balcan-es branch illustrious birth, so that she must have of the family, which descended fi-om David ended her days in pecuniary comfort, at all

Lindsay of Edsell, ninth Earl of Crawford, events ; though it is not improbable that has produced a great number of statesmen, the miserable habits she had acquired pre- judges, and soldiers ; and continues still to cluded the possibility of the enjoyment of flourish. Lady Anne Lindsay or Barnard, her amended position. In little more than authoress of " Auld Robin Gray," belonged a century after the death of the spendthrift, to this house. James, seventh Earl of Bal- the impiisoned Lord - in the year 1744 carres, has made good his title to the ancient died at the age of eighty, in the capacity of family honours, and is now twenty-fourth hostkf in an inn at Kirkwall, in the Orkney Earl of Crawford. The Lindsays of Craw- Islands, David Lindsay, late of EdzeU, un- ford and Balcarres were second only to the questionably head of the great house of

Jioyal Stuarts. The Earldom of Crawford, Lindsay ; and Lord Lindsay, as representa- like those of Orkney, Douglas, March, &c., tive of David and Ludovic, of Craw- formed a petty principality, an " imperium ford. It would be tedious to explain how in imperio." The earls afteeted a Royal the earldom had gone to another branch, State,—held then- courts, —had then' heralds, but such is the fact ; and provided the claim and assumed the style of jiriuces. The to the Dukedom of Montrose brought for- magnificence kept up in the Castle of Fin- ward by the present Earl of Crawford were haven befitted a great potentate. The Earl sustamed, the iioor hostler would be one in was waited on by pages of noble birth, the series of the premier of Scotland. trained up under his eye as aspirants fur the One daj', this David Lindsay, ruined and honours of chivalry. He had his domestic broken-hearted, departed from EdzeU Castle, officers, all of them gentlemen of quality ; unobserved and unattended. He said fare- his chamberlain, chaplains, secretary, chief- well to no one, and turning round to take a marshal, and armour bearer. The property last look at the old towers, he drew a long that supported this expense was very con- sigh aud wejit. He was never more seen in Biderable. The EarLs of Crawford p.jssosbod the place of his ancestors. With the wreck more than twenty great baronies and hud- , he bought a small estate, on ships, aud many other lands in the counties of Fife, ForfajT, Perth, Kincardine, Aber- 275 LIN FIFESHIRE BIOGRAPHY. less and houseless outcast retired to the Orkney Islands, where he became hostler in moved to London, where she foi the Kirkwall Inn ! The Earldom of Craw- acquaintance of the principal personages ford is now most worthily possessed by the then occupying the literary and jwhtical true head of the great house of Lindsay, the arena, such as Burke, Sheridan, Dundas, , whose ample fortune and Windham. She also became known to enables him to maintain the splendour of the Prince of Wales, who continued to en- its dignity, while his worth and high charac- tertain for her the highest respect. In 1793, ter add lustre to its name. His learned and she married Andrew Barnard, Esq., son of accompHshed son. Lord Lindsay, has re- the Bishop of Limerick, and afterwards corded the heroic deeds and varying for- Secretary under Lord Macartney, Governor tunes of his race in a work, every page of of the colony of the Cape of Good Hope. which reflects his own chivalrous character, She accompanied her husband to the Cape, at the same time that it is enlivened by a and had meilitated a voy.age to New South charming fancy and a powerful wit ; this Wales, that she might minister, by her historical research has moreover made it a benevolent counsels, tiiwards thereformation most valuable, or rather indispensable, ac- of the convicts there exiled. On the death quisition to the Ubrary of every Scottish of her husband, in 1S07, she a^ain resided gentleman. with her widowed sister, the Lady Mar- LINDSAY, Lady Anne or Behnard, garet, tiU the year 1S12, when, on the mai'- was the eldest of a family of eight sous .and ri.age of her sister to Sir James Burges, she three daughters, bom to James, Earl of occupied a house of her own, and continued Balcarres, by his spouse Ann Dalrymple, a to' reside in Berkeley Square till the period daughter of Sir Robert Dalrymple of Castle- of her death, which took place on the 6th of ton, Bart. She was bom at Balcarres, in May 1825. To entire rectitude of prin- Eife, on the 8th of December 1750. In- ciple, amiability of manners, and kindliness heriting a large portion of the shrewdness of heart, Anne Barnard added the more long possessed by the old family of Lindsay, substantial, and, in females, the more un- and a share of talent from her mother, who common quality of eminent devotion to was a person of singular energy, though intellectual labour. Literature had been somewhat capricious in temper. Lady her favourite pursuit from childhood ; and Anne evinced, at an early age, an uncom- even in advanced hfe, when her residence mon amount of sagacity. Fortunate in was the constant resort of her numerous having her talents well directed, and n.itu- relatives, she contrived to find leisure for rally inclined towards the acquisition of occasional Uterary reunions, while her fore- learning, she soon liegau to devote herself noons were universally occupied in mental to useful reading, and even to literary com- improvement. She maintained a corres- posisition. The hiL;hIy jjciinihir ballad of pondence with several of her brilliant con- Auld Robin C4ray" was written when she temporaries, and, in her more advanced had only attained her twenty-first year. years, composed an interesting narrative of According to her own narrative, communi- family memoirs. She was skUled in the use cated to Sir Walter Scott, she had expe- of the Jiencil, and sketched scenery with rienced loneliness on the marriage of her effect. In conversation she w.as .acknow- younger sister, who accompanied her hus- ledged to excel ; and her stories and anec- band to London, and had sought relief from dotes were a source of delight tn htr friends. a state of soUtude by attempting the com- She w.as devotedly pious, and singularly position of song. An old Scottish melody, benevolent. She was liberal in sentiment, sung by an eccentric female, an attendant ch.aritable to the indigent, and sparing of on Lady Balcarres, w.as connected with the feelings of others. Every cii'cle was words uusuitable to the plaintive nature of charmed by her presence ; by her condes- the air, and, with the design of siipplpng cension she inspired the dittideut, and she the defect, she formed tl: banished dulness by the brilliancy of her "Auld Robin Gr.ay." The hero of tlie humour. Her countenance, it should be ballad was the old herdsman at Balcarres. added, wore a pleasant and animated ex- To the members of her own family Lady pression, and her figure was modelled with Anne only communicated lier new liallad— the utmost elegance of symmetry and grace. Bcrupulously concealing the fact of .author- Her sister, Lady Margaret Fordyce, was shij) from others, " perceiving the shjTiess eminently beautiful. The iiMjiularity ob- it created in tliose who covdd write notliing. '' tained by the ballad "f " Auld llobin Gray" While still in the bloom of youth, the Earl has seldom been execeded in the history of of Balcarres died, and the Dow.ager Coun- .any other metrical couipnsltion. It was tess having taken up her resilience in Edin- sung in every fashionable circle, as well as burgh, Lady Ann experienced increased by the ballad-singers, from Land's-end to means of acquainting herself with the world John o'Groat's ; w.as j-.rinted in every col- of letters. At her mntli.>v'= re-"l.-)i.- «h.' lectinu of national songs, and drew tears fnmi our military countrymen both in -Vni.riea and India. At length, in her cludingsiR-limen .as L. il sLventy-third year, and upwards of half-a-

I Hume, andHemylNIa rt, ri'ntury after the period of its composition, her sister, Lady Ma \\ho I the author vokuitai-ily made avowaj of the — ;

LTN FIFESHIRE BIOGKAPHV. LIN authorsliip of the balWl and its sequel. the popular ballad, thus evincing her deter- .She wrote to Sir Walter Scott, with whom mination not to have the secret wrested from she was acquainted, requesting him to in- her till she chose to divulge it. Some of form his personal friend, the author of those inducements may be enumerated. " Waverley," that she was indeed the The extreme popidarity of the ballad might authoress. She enclosed a copy to Sir Walter, have proved sufficient in itself to justify the

written in her own hand ; and, with her disclosure ; but, apart from the considera- consent, in the course of the following year, tion, a very fine tune had been put to it by he printed " Auld Robin Gray" as a contri- a doctor of music, a romance had been bution to the "iSannatyne Club." The founded upon it by a man of eminence ; it second part has not acquired such decided was made the subject of a play, of an opera, popularity, and it has not often been pub- and of a pantomime ; it had been claimed lished with it in former collections. Of the by others, a sequel had been written to it fact of its inequality the accompUshed autho- by some scribbler, who professed to have ress was fully aware ; she wrote it simply composed the whole ballad ; it had been to gratify the desu-e of her venerable mother, assigned an antiquity far beyond the author's who often wished to know how the unlucky time, the Society of Antiquaries had made business of Jessie and Jamie ended. The it the subject of investigation, and the Countess, it may be remarked, was much author had been advertised for in the public gratified by the popularity of the ballad, prints, a reward being offered for the dis- and although she seems, out of respect to covery. Never before had such general lier daughter's feelings, to have retained the interest been exhibited respecting any com- secret, she could not resist the frequent re- position in Scottish verse. In the " Pirate," petition of it to her friends. In the charac- pubhshed in 1823, theauthorof "Waverley" ter of Lady Anne Barnard, the defective had compared the condition of Minny to point was a certain want of decision, which that of Jeanie Gray, in the words of Lady not only led to her declining many distin- Anne, in a sequel which she had published guished and adv.xutageous offers for her to the original ballad : hand, but tended, in some measure, to deiirive her of posthumous fame. Illustra- tive of tile latter fact, it has been recorded that, having entrusted to Sir Walter Scott She thought it content, but her cheek it grew a volume of lyrics, composed by herself and by others of the noble house of Lindsay, And she droop'd like a snowdrop broke down the hail." with ]iermission to give it to the world, she by withi-lrew her consent after the compositions had been printed in a quarto volume, and The following anecdote appears— in Mr were juet on the eve of being published. Couolly's " Life of Bishop Low" : "Bishop The copies of the work, wliich was entitled Low, who was on terms of intimacy with " Lays of the Lindsays," .appear to have the IBalcarres family for sixty years, and been destroyed. One lyric only has been who was treated more like a kinsman than recovered, beginning—" Why tarries my a visitor, gave a curious account of the love?" It is printed a« the composition of ballad, which was to this etfeet—" Robm Latly Anne Barnard, in a note a]ipended to Gray," so called from its being the name of the latest edition of "Johnson's Musical the old herdsman at Balcarres, was pro- Museum," by Mr E. K. Sharpe, who trans- duced soon after the close of the year 1771. I.ited it from the " Scots Magazine" for Lady Margaret Lindsay had married and May 1805. The popular song "Logic o' accompanied her husband to London. Lady Buchan," sometime attributed to Lady Anne was melancholy, and endeavoured to Anne, in the collections, did not proceed amuse herself by attempting a few poetical from her pen, but was composed by Geoi-ge trifles. There was one ancient Scottish Halket, parochial schoolmaster ot Kathen, melody of which Lady Anne was very fond in Aberdeenshire, about the middle of the a dependant used to sing it to a qaint old last century. With the exception of Pin- song, and her Ladyshi]) wished to adapt the kerton, every writer on Scottish poetry and air to different words, and to give to its song has awarded it a tribute of commenda- plaintive tones some little history of virtuous tion. " The elegant and accomplished distress in hmnble life, such as might suit authoress," says Ititsun, " has, in this it. While attempting to effect this in her beautiful iiroduotion, to all that tenderness closet. Lady Anne called to her little sister, and simplicity for which the Scottish song Elizabeth, afterwards Lady Hardwicke, has been so much celebrated, united a deU- who was the only person near her—" I have

cacy of e.\i)ression which it never before been writing a ballad, my dear ; I am op- attained." "Auld Eobin Gray," says Sir pressing my heroine with many misfortunes. Walter Scott, " is that real pastoral which I have already sent her Jamie to sea, and is worth all the dialogues which Corydon broken her father's arm, and made her and PhiUis have had together, from the mother fall sick, and given her Auld Robin

days of Theocritus downwards." During a Gray for a lover ; but I wish to load her long lifetime, till within two years of her with a fifth sorrow in the four lines, poor death. Lady Anne Barn.ard resisted every thing, help me to one, I pray." " Steal the temptation to declare herself the author of cow, sister Anne," s.aid Elizabeth. The —;

FIFESHIRE BIOGRAPHV. LIN cow was immediately lifted by the fair time. Pitt, the younger, was four years old authoress, and the song completed. when she was born ; Fox, a young pickle of

LINDSAY, The Right Rev. Chakles, fourteen ; Sheridan, a not particularly clever Bishop of Kildare, was the sixth son of lad of twelve, so that they were strictly her

James, fifth Earl of Balcarres, and was boru contemporaries ; Burke was turned of in 1756. Dr Lindsay was appointed to the thirty, but the most brilliant part of hia See of Kildare in 1804, and nad been in re- public life was passed after she was old ceipt of the revenues for forty-two years, enough to remember him ; she was twenty- which amounted to about £6000 per annum. one years old when Dr Johnson died, and Under the provisions of the Church Tem- a well-grown girl when Goldsmith departed, poralities Act the Archbishop of Dublin andshe might haveknown them both, thoogli became Bishop of Kildare at Bishop Lind- say's death, and the temporalities thereof, ft-ith those of the Deanery of Christ Church she was near thirty when he died. Of (a dignity also held by Dr Lindsay) were course, all the literature of the century, vested in the Ecclesiastical Commissioners running back to the birth of Scott and for Ireland. Under the same Act, the Dean Wordsworth, eight or nine years after her of St Patrick, Dr Pakenham, became, own, was as much hers as ours. She was without installation or ceremony. Dean of married and six-and-twenty before the Christ Church, without the ecclesiastical French Revolution began, and the whole of patronage, which became vested in the the American Itevolution must have been Archbishop of DubUu. Dr Lindsay was a within her personal recollection. Tlio genial, warm-hearted, benevolent man, dis- thought of such a consciousness is enougli tinguished for shrewdness and strong good to make one giddy. In short, Lady Hard- sense, and those mental qualities which he wicke's own recollection embraced an ex- liossessed, in so eminent a degree, were tensive range of what may be called modern brought to bear predominantly on the sub- history—many iuteresting particulars relat- jects of reUgion. He died at Glasneven, ing to her brothers may be found in Lord near Dublin, on Saturday the 8th of August Lindsay's "Lives of the Lindsays." Lady 18-46. Hardwicke, like her gifted sisters Lady LINDSAY, The Right Hon. Eliza- Anne Barnard, and Lady Margaret For- beth, Dowager Countess of Hardwicke, dyce, enjoyed the confidence and intimacy daughter of James, fifth Earl of Balcarres, of many ancient and remarkable personages was bom on the 11th October 1763, and indeed, there were few of the great and good died on 2Gth May 1858, in her ninety-sixth of her time who did not reckon her as a year. Everybody feels an interest in a case friend. Her personal attractions — her of extraordinary longevity, even if it be a varied accomplishments, her wit and talent daily labourer who has never been out of —exalted principles and clear good sense sight of the old church spire under whose rendered her the delight of every society shadow he was bom - how much more in- into which she entered. La

only ninety -five years old ; but her father, directly connected us with the Literary Club the Scotch Earl of Balcarres, having been at its foundation, all the members of which well stricken in years at the time of her she must have seen, and most of whom she was birth, their two lives extended back to be- old enough to know well aa grown-up young fore the beginning of the eighteenth cen- ladies. Lady Louisa Stuart, the daughter of tury. It sounds queerly enough to hear the famous Earl of Bute, actually remem- that a person lately dead could speak of her father as having been "out in the Fifteen" (1715) with Lord Derwentwater and For- since 1850, and was the intimate friend of ster, and having been begged o£F by the Scott, and one of the few original deposi- ' great Duke of Marlborough ! And yet taries of the ' Waverley" secret. And Miss such was the fact. Aud not only so, but Berry, who might have been the Dowager her grandfather, having been born in 1649, Countess of Oxford as the widow of Horace the three lives of grandfather, son, and Walpole, if she had so pleased, died within granddaughter, stretched over a period of a year or two. These favoured persona 209 years. And when her grandmother was really seem to have had too large a share of married, Charles 11. gave away the bride ! the world's plumb-cake. But none of them This venerable lady must have had a chance had such luck as betel the Marquis di Mauso, at some pietty good company in her own who lived long enough to bt the personal LIN FIFESHIEE BIOGRAPHY. LIN

friend of Tassoand of Milton, though the much longer there, they might have suc-

first clieil more than ten yeara before the ceeded ; fortunately, in four months, he was other was born. recalletl to Cadiz, where the g.iieties of the LINDSAY, The Hon. Robert, of Bal- town soon made him forget the mysteries of carres, was born there on the 25th of Jan. the convent. He once more occupied his 1754. He was the second son of James, seat in the counting-house, but his sissiduity fifth Earl of Balcarres, and Anne, daufrbter at the desk was never conspicuous. Mr of Sir Robert Dalrymple. In the autumn Duff's business lay chiefly in the shipping

of 1768 his father died at Balcarres, leaving department ; ships, with cargoes in search of a family of eight sons and three daughters. a market, came consigned to him from diffe- His mother's brother, William Dalrym[jle, rent parts of the world. He soon found then a merchant at Cadiz, offered a situation that Robert Lindsay had abundance of for one of them ; being the second son, this activity, and, in this department, was daily was proposed to Robert, who cheerfully becoming more useful to him. One instance accepted it, then at the age of fourteen. will here be mentioned :—The better houses Charles Dalrymple, his mother's youngest of Cadiz have each a tower, from which brother, carried his brother Colin and him ships m.ay be seen at a great distance. One to London. He left Colin at Mr Rose's morning, having risen early, it then blow- academy atCheswick, and embarked Robert ing a heavy gale of wind, Mr Lindsay on board a Cadiz trading vessel at Deptford. looked through the telescope and observed The talents of his brother Colin were said to a ship standing into the. bay, with a signal be far superior to those of Robert—he was of distress flying, and also carrying the dis- very handsome, showy in his appearance, tinguishing flag of Mr Duff's house. He and elegant in his address ; they were bosom immediately ran down to the mole, and companions, and the same intimacy con- with much difficulty succeeded in getting a tinued. Twenty-seven years afterwards, boat to venture off to the ship. Upon Colin's duty as a gener.al officer called him boarding her he found that she had lost all to the West Indies, where he fell a victim her cables and anchors, and in this situation to that unhealthy climate. In the interval was drifting towards the shore before the he served at Gibraltar during the memor- wind ; he put about, went on shore, and able siege, and he has left behind him, as a soon returned with aU .she required, and proof of his abilities, an approved work on thus saved the vessel. For this Mr Duff military tactics. So much tor a favourite gave him a severe reprimand, but at the brother, whose memory Robert ever re- same moment slipped a couple of dollars spected. Robert lived with his uncle happily into his hand, to carry him to the opera in for some months, when his affiiirs became the evening. Some months had p.assed involved in consequence of unsuccessful away, and he had nearly made up his mind specidation connected with South America, to continue in the house, when a circum- and he therefore accepted his cousin Mr stance occurred to change his destination to James Duff's invitation to occupy a room a distant part of the globe, and made him in his house until Mr Wm. Dalrymple's take leave of his worthy friend for ever. In affairs were settled. The arrangement was the spring of the year 1772, Mr Lindsay soon made, and Mr Robert Lindsay took embarked for India on board the Prince of of seat possession hisroom and at the desk ; Wales E.ast Indiaman, commanded by Capt. but his good friend, Don Diego, was too Court, a peppery Welchman, with only one kind a master, and, uistead of giving him a arm, having lost the other in a duel with fixed task in the counting-house, he left him one of his passengers during the former to do as he pleased, and so he learnt nothing, voyage, respecting a young lady to whom not even the langu.age of the country. In they Were both attached. Upon the voyage a few months it was found advisable to send the ship stopped a fortnight at the Cape of Robert to Heres de la Frontera, the place Good Hope. " The town is beautiful," says where the sherry wine is made. He was Mr Lindsay, " but affords little novelty to consigned to the care of Don Juan Haurie, a stranger. The country, upon the whole, the correspondent of the house, with direc- e.xhibits a sterile appearance, there being tions to have him instructed in the Spanish very Uttle ground capable of cultivation in hmguivge without delay. Don Juan, on his the vicinity, some few partial spots excepted part, made him over to his father confessor, between the mountains, such as the farm of a friar of the Order of San Francisco, who Constantia, and others, producing all that gave him an apartment in the convent. He can be wished for, both as to grain and hiid no reason wh.atever to complain of his fruit.'' On leaving, the captain took a great fare ; and, having none to converse with stock of sheep with him from the Cape, of but the friars, his progress in the language which the seamen expected to partake was rapid. He was regularly summoned to largely ; but findingthemselves disappointed, attend the morning prayers, and vespers a trifluig occurrence took jJace the following followed, of course ; and before and after Sunday, which gave all on board a good meals a long benediction was never omitted. laugh. During divine service on deck, the Often during the course of the day, and hundredth Psahn was given out by the clerk, particuharly in his walks with the holy when, instead of the words, "And for his brethren, they admonished him to become sheep he doth us take," a stentorian voice a Roman Catholic, and had he remained sung out, " And from us our Cape sheep did 279 ;

LIN FIFESHIEE BIOGRAPHY. LIN take !" The captain looked foolish, but by salt w.ater. It is a dreary waste of they had abundance of mutton next day for great extent, but beautiful in the extreme, dinner. From the day they left the Cape the lofty trees growing down to the water's until they struck soundings off the sand- edge with little or no brush or underwood. heads of Bengal, nothing interesting oc- The innumerable rivers and creeks which curred, excepting that more than once they intersect the country in every direction form fell in with the Rockingham, Hamilton, a passage so intricate as to require the as- bound to China. Mr Lindsay's brother sistance of a pilot ; its windings are hke the

William was a midshipman on board ; and mazes of a labyrinth, in which a stranger the two were often so close as distinctly to would find himself immediately bewildered. see each other with the telescope. The In twelve days Mr Lindsay found himself young midshipman was afterwards lost, domiciled at Dacca, in a situation in every homeward bound, at St Helena. In sculling respect suited to his genius ; the society was a shipmate on shore, his foot slipped, and not numerous, but ple.^sant ; independent he fell overboard, at too great a distance to of the Company's servants, there were receive assistance from the ship. William several free merchants, who carried on a

was a sweet-tempered, pleasant lad, and, considerable trade ; between both he passed had he lived, he would have succeeded well, his time most comfortably. Da3ca is a as he was an excellent seaman. The jiilot large straggling town, extending along the banks of a most beautiful river, a branch of the Ganges. In its outward appearance it hours they came to anchor at Saugur Island, is evidently upon the decline, the houses of in the mouth of the Hoogly River, a branch the natives being mean and insignificant of the Ganges, leading to Calcutta. Here, but the ruins of bridges, decayed porticos, on taking leave of the officers and descend- and columns, some of them of no mean ing from the ship, old Budworth, the chief architecture, show that it has formerly been mate, attended at the gangway and shook a pl.ice of note. Mr Lindsay was the Mr Lindsay and his companions by the youngest man in the settlement, and en- hand, with the consoling speech, " Fare- deavoured, as far as lay in his power, to

well, my lads ! you will stow away better keep clear of politics. The public business homeward bound ;" and " too truly (says was transacted by a few able individuals, Mr Lindsay) was this Terified," for, upon and the younger servants had full leisure to his embarking for Europe eighteen years amuse themselves. When the periodical afterwards, he well remembered Budworth 's rains subsided, they encamped in tents upon laconic observation, and, upon looking over the plains of Tongee, and enjoyed the sports the melancholy list, could only trace the of the field to the fullest extent. Mr Lind- names of five of his fellow-passengers in say was particularly fond of the wild boar existence. Mr Lindsay landed in Calcutta chase, a bold and manly amusement, in

in September 1772, in perfect health ; and which both corn-age and dexterous horse- although the weather then was extremely hip are required. Upon ( sultry, still he found little inconvenience Mr Lindsay was mounted upon a very un- from it, his early residence in Spain having ruly horse, and was obhged, to his great accustomed him to such, and he continued mortification, to quit the field. In return- to take exercise whilst his more delicate ing to the tents, accompanied by his servant, companions confined themselves to the house. he fell in with a large boar, which he at- His fellow-passengers in the civil Hne were tacke'd, and was fortunate enough to kill. now appointed to do duty in the different He had him carried to his encampment, offices under Government, and he was and, with the assistance of the cook, cut named as a.ssistant to the accomptant-general off his head, and, with much dexterity, in the revenue department. He preferred sewed it on his hind quarters, by which this situation, as it afforded him immediate means his boar became a lusus naturw of a opportunity of becoming acquainted with very unusual description, his fore legs being all the subordinate branches in that hne, in much longer than the hind ones. As such which he aspired, sooner or later, to be an he exhibited him to his companions when

active agent. The study of the Persian they returned from the chase ; various, in- language now occupied a considerable por- deed, were the debatesthatensued respecting tion of his time. In the autumn of the year the animal, until the trick was discovered. 1776, he left Calcutta on his way to Dacca The district of Sylhet, on the e.ost side of by water. He embarked at Balaghant, on the Brahmaputra river, had for some years the salt-water lake three miles to the east- fallen under the superintendence of the ward, and in a few hours found himself in Dacca Council, and two years previous to the Sunderbunds, completely secluded from ;Mr Lindsay's appointment, his friend, Mr the world in a wilderness of wood antl water. W. Holland, as one of the members of that This navigation is part of the Delta of the Council, had been deputed to effect a settle- Ganges, extending more than two hundred ment with the Sylhet landholders, with miles along the coast, through thick forests, power to cess with revenue, or levy a rent inhabited only by tigers, albgators, and from those lands held on military tenure. is wild animals peculiar to a tropical climate ; Such a transaction seldom accomplished the human population is very scanty, the withoutmuch difficulty. Mr Holland having country being overflowed every spring-tide finished his business in that troublesome 280 r.iN FIFESHIRE BIOGRAPHY. LIN Bettlement, returned to Dacca, and pre- afterwards found that the sented his rent-roU to the Council, fanatics attend- amount- mg the tomb were ing to no less than £25,000 not a little dangerous. per annum ; but It was not his business to said, at the same time, that they combat rehijioua were a prejudices, and he most turbulent people, and therefore went in state- that it would as others reqmre had done before him—left his much trouble to realise it; th shoes other members on the threshold, and deposited held the settlement in de- on the nsion. tomb five gold mohurs as Mr Lindsay's intimacy with an offering. Mr Being thus nunfied, he -nolland continued to increase who was returned to his man of (IweJUng, and received the homage high honour and principle, posst of his .jects. One of the mng- a considt-i-able fortune, which tenets, both of the he i Hindoo her.tedfrom and .Mahometan faith, is, his father. In a confident! never to nt tlii'iiisL-Iyes conversation with Mr Lindsay, to their superiors empty- he rcLaett ed .Mr that his ; Lindsay's table was, health did not permit him to ret in con- iiici-, soon covered to hyUiet to complete the work he had with eilrer, none prosperously iig less than one rupee, others commenced. " I am sensil.l four or said he, In rftiirn, the great man, "itwiU prove an arduous un,i whoever taking, and gives the donor a few leaves none but a man possessed o of pawn sound constitution, with of the difierent great energy and l*^ s inas at,\Jthis time'^"'*">^'*f conducted by two of confadential agents—Gorhurry ....„ ^ wu,.,.v.iu.i jjuse round, said, "I know ; they were both &r;S':ia?SE?»-r;SSthe'man~wil _,.. ot suit you good character, and, as exactly." " And where is such, Mr he to I LindsayLii confirmed '"''' them in their charges He answered. Th"The former continued ^'Vam th "^^'^'"T'^- with him during his itay in India, "°'''and, '^for thirty thesummiL"fhl'ambit'otln7Lt'adieu m7t?I^ V,—-' —years ffte^ to Dacca, where he had li^ed ^--P^d^ ^ii^If^^.'S^i-,.., of | ^.^o^ ujoi=;;g^j^'^^^^^ two years with much comfort and aLLaciiea inend. sati ot the faction. Proceeding down ~ ofhcers belonging to the the river (,- - twenty - . ,..,.. department, there miles, he stopped at Feringee-bazar was also a full at establishment of black this place the Dacca river, which officers in the Court is ot Judicature, over branch of the Ganges, which court it was one joins the great of his numerous ^jahmaputra when duties to preside. In this ; both united, they are aniuous known .by the undertaking he was greatly nam^ o7llegnaTknd i?S by assisted o^e of the seyera pundits, who always largestirtigeau nversovers in thetue world. This attended to river * he had now to ascend for ?"' *°'' "'^'e "f much use many mUes, wnen»)f "'vffi , but, as the dithculties occurred. The periodical rains had set in, the Criminal whole Court continued as yet under country exhibited a most melancholy the charge of and the Nabob of Bengal, and desolate appearance, being involved remained so for in some years, when a a general dehige. On the seventh different arrangement day after took place. his eaving The population of the c'iun^^y Dacca, the lofty mountains be- hind Sylhet came into view almoft equaUy divided between ; they appeared ttie^L w- °f as a dark cloud Hindoo and Mahometan. at a great distance, inter- The former sected with ™°'''* inoffensive race perpendicular streaks of white Utfl'' "r than the which he latter, who upon many occasions afterwards found were cataracts were ot found troublesome. E.xclusive considerable magnitude, seen of the lar-er at a dis branches of commerce tance of forty mUes, in already mentioned, the rainy season there are Soon after the Soorah, or mmor articles bought to a cou^ Sylhet river came siderable m sight, distant from amount, such as coarse muslins Sylhet thu-ty miles. ivory, honey, ihe country here guns, and drugs for improves, the banks of European the tne river market ; and, in the became higher, and everythinc fruit season, assumed a more comfortable ""^''^ quantity of the finest appearance! oranges,n?.. ''"'f'found -t^ was at this place met by growing spontaneously in the Omlah or the mountains. officers belonging to the But the only great staple establishment, who and steady ari^icle of commerce is chunam " ^^"^ty of boats, OT dressed^^=t I '^/T'^l™ lime. In no part of out for the occasion, and accom- Bengal, or even panied him Hmdostan, is the rock found so to the house intended for perfectly his pure, or so free of aUoy residence. On asking for the as in this province, town, he therefore Calcutta ^^"^^ consisted is chiefly suppfied from of an incon- hence This ^?riv,i"'? branch immediately attracted "^T^^^^f?!>-\'>^^!^'^^>^t-pl^ce, the houses his of the inhabitants attention, and he was led to bemg fantastically built investigate and scattered upon *'?''*' "=,™-''^ ^^ improved or the numerous hUJs and tended.t!^Z A u ex- rismg grounds, He found it had been so buried in wood as to be hitherto occu,,ied by Armenians, Greeks, ^'^^ appearance was and low siwl^singular, butK IT'!]'''- Europeans, but to a trifling had every mark of comfort. extent only, He was while he had so greatly the now told that it was advantage over customary for them, from the the new resident to command of the curi-ency, pay his respects to^ the that shrme of It was evident the trade the tutelar saint, Shaw JuboU. might soon centre with himse f it ; and accorch°ngIy did so, ana the trade shrine fr^yvery part became of essential use to of India, and he tnm, by expending the cowries within the —

LIN FIFESHIEE BIOGRAPHY. LIK

province, which in the course of six months cruel .and vindictive in his resentments." became converted into cash from the sale This he experienced in his future dealing.'?

of the lime, and enabled him to fulfil his with them, as will hereafter appear ; his contract, which otherwise would have been present interview terminated most hrvr- difficult. The mountain from whence the motiously. The whole party had a most lime is taken was not situated within bis sumptuous entertainment on the turf. The jurisdiction, but belonj^ed to independent viands, to be sure, were neither of the most chieftains, inhabitants of the high range which separates the British possessions from the Chinese frontier. His great object was the diindies of the jiresent day. The repast to procure from these people a lease of the consisted entirely of si.x or eight large hogs, lime-rock, but they previously demanded an barbecued whole, or rather roasted in an interview with him to consult on the sub- oven, according to the Otaheite fashion ject. A meeting was accordingly fixed at a hole being dug in the ground, lined with a place called Pondua, situated close under plantain le.aves, and fiUed with hot stones, the hills, forming one of the most stupendous the hog |>laced therein, more hot stones amphitheatres in the world. The mountain laid on at the top, and the whole covered appears to rise abruptly from the watery over with turf. The chiefs acted as carvers, their dirks being the only instrument used, and the large leaves of the plantain served ijc«.uA»«v i>^ « tropical climate, which ^^^^^ for plates. The entertainment was univer- to grow spontaneously from the crevices of sally admired, and abundance of fermented the lime-rock. A more romantic or more liquor closed the festivities of the day, it beautiful situation could not be found. The having been previously agreed that no busi- magnificent mountain, full in view, ap- ness should be discussed till the following

peared to be divided withlarge perpendicular morning. They accordingly then met ; .and stripes of white, wliich, npon a nearer in- the arrangement between them terminated spection, proved to be cataracts of no small to their mutual satisfaction, a Large portion

magnitude ; and the river, in which the of the mountain, where the quarries are boats anchored, was so pure that the trout worked, being allotted to Mr Lind.say, and other fishes were seen playing about in including the most favourable situatiim for

every direction ; above all, the air was access to his boats, so as to afford him the delightful when contrasted with the close fullest command of water-carriage. After and pestilential atmosphere of the putrid the business of the day was closed, several plain below, so th.at the visitor felt as if of the chiefs proposed to accompany him up transplanted into one of the regions of Para- the river and show him the quarries, but dise. But the appearance of the inhabitants told him to prei>are for a service of danger, of this Garden of Eden did not enable him and such as he was little accustomed to. to follow out the theory he could have H.alf-a-dozen canoes were manned on the wished to establish ; it certainly deserved occasion, each carrying six stout men, fur- a different style of inhabitants from those nished with p.addles for the smooth water, wild-looking demons then dancing on the and long poles to push the boat over the banks. In order to pay due attention to ra]')ids. For a few miles they got on well

the great man, they had come down from with the paddles ; by degrees they got into every part of the mountain, accompanied the broken water, when the first rapid came

by their retainers, dressed in the garb of full in view ; the poles were then resorted war, and, when thus accoutred, their ap- to, and they got through it without much pearance is most unquestionably martial, difficulty. A couple of miles further and by no me.ans unlike the Scottish High- brought them to the second, which was in- landers when dressed in the Gaelic costume. finitely more rapid than the former; the Many hundreds of this description were people were obligeeople jumped out, dissimilar to of main force lifted the canoe that other mountaineers ; and nearly by and the opinion thus hastily formed was corroborated in the sequel. After a resi- dence of twelve years in their vicinity, and stream—a magnificent cataract having had much business to transact with rolling over the adjoining precipice—the them, he thus describes the Cusseah, or scenery altogether was truly sublime. The native Tartar of these mountains:—" A mountain was composed of the purest fair man in his de.aUngs, and, provided you alabaster Hme, and a]ipeared, in quantity, treat him honourably, he will act with equal to the supply of the whole world. perfect reciprocity towards you ; but be- When the canoes were loaded at the bottom ware of showing him the smallest appearance of the hill, they appeared to descend the of indignity, for he is jealous in the extreme, r.apids with the rapidity of lightning; in- 282 LIN FIFESHIRE BIOGRAPHY. LIN

deed, it is often attended with danger, and Chief Magistrate and forms of Court en- even loss of life, wlien liiiii-ing down tlie grossing much of his time. Let it be recol- stones. On liis iias;s,i;,'e down tlie river with lected tiiat for the last three years he had his new friends, he landed at a projecting hved the Ufe of a hermit, nearly without point above Pondua, and, admiring the anj' society whatever. The few Europeans beauty of the situation, expressed his in that place were of the lowest description,

anxious' wish to be permitted to build a with whom he could not associate ; but Ins small cottage, and surround it with a wall mind was of an active turn, and he found to protect it from the depredations of the out various devices to furnish himself with animals of the forest. To this they cheer- occupation and pleasure in the hours of re- fully consented. He gave immediate orders laxation. Several ingenious workmen, both to build his proposed villa, which became a in wood, iron, ivory, and silver, attached beautiful retreat, and never failed to restore themselves to his service, and afforded him him wlien exhausted by the noxious vapours a source of much amusement. He and his occasioned by the inundation. But in this assistants became alsr) in great rei)Ute a.s budding he had a more important object to eleg.-mt boat-builders ; in this department gain than his Tartar friends were aware of they particularly excelled, and it had the the garden wall was constructed with un effect of leading him to the building of ships usual strength, so as to serve in the hour of of burthen, which is mentioned in the sequeL danger .as an excellent blockhouse, or place But a circumstance soon occurred to give of defence, until reinforcements could be him additional occupation. His military furnished fromSylhet, distant about twenty- strength did not in general exceed one hun- live miles. During the few da}'s of his resi- dred effective men, being a detachment of brigade sepoj^s, dence at Pondua, he had the uncommon commanded by an officer ; gratification of witnessing a caravan arrive the men were chiefly natives of the higher from the interior of the mountain, bringing provinces, but the climate of the hills, and on their shoulders the pmduce of their hdls, particularly the water, was so pernicious to consisting of the coarsest silks from the their health that whole detachments were

confines of China, fruits of various kinds successively destroyed ; the party was in but the great staple was iron, of excellent consequence withdrawn. Owing to this qualits', as already described. In descend- untoward circumstance, he proposed to the ing the mountain, the scene had much of board to undertake the defence of the pro- stage effect, the tribes descending from rock vince himself at an expense far interior to to rock as represented in Oscar and Mal- the former, with native troops formed into militia corps. vina. In the present instance, the only a This was readily agreed to ; descent was by steps cut out in the preci- the command remained with him, and this pice. The burthens were carried by the arrangement continued during his residence women in baskets, supported by a belt in the country. The corijs he increased or across the forehead, the men walking by reduced as occasion requiretl. He accom- their side, protecting them with their arms. panied them himself in every service of Tlie elderly women in general were ugly in difficulty, and his business of course was the extreme, and of masculine ajipearance; well done. Mr Lindsay hitherto had no their mouths and teeth are as black as ink medical assistance nearer than one hundred from the inordinate use of the betel-leaf and fifty miles ; but necessity is the m<)ther mixed with lime. On the other hand, the of invention. " Buchau's Domestic Medi- young girls are both fair and h.andsome, not cine" and a box of simples for several years being allowed the use of betel-nut until lered him independent ; he was even after their marriage. Tn appearance they er the necessity of sometimes tryijig his resemble very much the Malay. The d with the knife, and more than once, strength of their arms and Umbs, from con- ^u the barber's nerves failed him, suc- stant muscular exercise in .-^ceuding and ceeded in extracting barbed arrows from descending these mountains, loaded with intricate places. A few successful opera- heavy burthens, far exceeds the idea of tions raised his character so high as to Europeans. He asked one of the gii-ls to compel him to apply for a, medical gentle- allow him to lift her burthen of iron, but man to relieve him from the constant appli- from its weight could not accomplish it, cations he received as a descendant of which occasioned a laugh in the hue of Esculapius. A gentleman was in conse- march to his prejudice. He now took uence sent up, who proved a comfort to leave of his Cusseah friends, and returned im in future. Occasional excursions into to Sylhet, having estabhshed the ground the interior country were his chief amuse- work of the lime trade upon a firm and per- ments, and an opportunity soon occurred, manent footing, so as to ensure success. of which he avaUed himself. The Jointah He appointed British agents at Calcutta Rajah, of the Cusseah tribe, was his nearest and eUewhere, so as to relieve himself of frontier neighbour ; he was by far the most the laborious part of the duty. Fleets of powerful and the most civilised of the boats now covered the rivers, and the trade whole, holding large possessions, both on increased so rapidly as to keep five or six the mountain and the plain, about fifty hundred men in constant employ. He now 'les distant. When a younger man, he resumed the same mountainous life he had had been misled by the false idea of his own hitherto followed at Sylhet, the duties of power, and he had in consequence been the | 2S3 FIFESHIRE BIOGRAPHY. UN aggressor, by entering the British territories native Tartars—all dressed and armed in a hostile manner : a regiment of sepoys agreeably to the custom of the country or drove him back, ana convinced him of hia mountain from whence they came. The insignificance, and of the wisdom of remain- inhabitants of the plain were also fancifully ing perfectly quiet in time to come ; and he dressed ; their garb, in many instances, was was now endeavouring to convince Mr a mi.\ture of both—their arms, in general, be-

Lindsay of his perfect attachment to the ing those of the mountain, viz. , a large shield British Government. The Eajah proposed over the right shoulder, protecting nearly the Mr Lindsay's giving him an interview in whole of the body, the mountain sword, a his own country, to partake of a chase he quiver suspended over the left shoulder full had prepared for him, and, after arranging of arrows, and a large bamboo bow. Tha the preliminaries of meeting, the day was place into which they were introduced was fixed. By mutual agreement, they were to a species of open balcony ; on either side of be accompanied by few attendants. It was Mr Lindsay's chair were placed those of the duriug the season of the rains, the whole Rajah, his Prime Minister, Commander-in- country being completely overflowed, and Chief, and Officers of State, who all ap- having the appearance of an extensive lake. peared to be native Cusse.ihs, or Tartars, Mr Lindsay embarked on board a beautiful dressed and armed in the hill costume. The yacht of lus own building, well manned, Rajah himself aff'ected the dress of a man and armed with eighteen swivel guns, and more civilised, and wore the Mogul dress arrived at the place of rendezvous at the and arms. Upon Mr Lindsay's entering appointed hour, when, to his surprise, he this apartment, the Raj.ah embraced him, saw advancing towards him a fleet of boats and the hookaburdars being in attendance, not tfewer than fifty in number, with they took their seats, each with his streamers flying, and fantastically dressed. hookah in his mouth. Each man now pre- As this was contrary to the agreement, he pared his arms for the magnificent chase was not well pleased at the display, but ali.nit to begin. LTpon looking around him betrayed no kind of alarm. With a fine withatti-iition, Mr Lindsay found that there breeze, all sail set, he steered through the were n"t fewer than two hundred of the middle of the fleet, and with his speaking !ar"est butFaloes enclosed, some hundreds of trumpet hailed the Rajah, and invited hiiii th.^lar-.' el!; .Ic.-r, a -reat variety of deer of into his boat. He came, accordingly, ac- a smaliri- .lts> liiitim,, and wild hogs in- companied by hia otiicers, and no sooner iiuuicralile. These aiiiinals were now gal- was he seated in the cabin than Mr Lindsay L.l.ing ar.jund in quick succession, when the could perceive his astonishment in finding Rajah, turning politely towards Jlr Lindsay, himself enveloped in smoke in consequence asked him to begin the shekar by taking of a royal salute from hia Lilliputian artil- the first shot. He was a bad marksman, lery, which were well served upon the occa- and, afraid to betray his want of skill in so

sion ; but he instantly recovered himself, public a manner, at first he declined the and talked on iudifterent subjects. Mr offer — the Rajah insisted, he therefore Lindsay found him a handsome young i raised his well-loaded rifle to his shoulder, with a good addresss. After examining the and, taking a gt)od aim, to his own astonish- yacht and guns with attention, and par- ment dropped a large burtalo dead upon the ticularly admiring the sailing of the boat, spot. There was immediately a general he requested Jlr Lindsay to accompany shout of admiration. Mr Lindsay, ou his him to his barge, to partake of the shekar, part, put the pipe into his mouth, throwing or hunting party, previously prepared for out volumes of smoke with perfect indif- his amusement. This proved of so uncom- ference, as if the event was a matter of mon a nature, and so seldom witnessed by course. But no power could get the Rajah Europeans, that it is worthy of tle.soription. to exhibit, from the apprehension of not They rowed for some miles towards a risiuy Ijeing equally successful before his own ground, on which they landed, and wert l>eople. On Mr Lindsay's left hand sat liis

then carried on men's shoulders (their regal Lu.shhar or Prime Minister ; his quiver, Mr mode of conveyance) to a temporary stagt LinJsay observed, only contained two erected for the occasicm. On surveying tht •arrows. " How comes it, my friend," said arena around, Mr Lindsay found that tht he, *' that you come into the field with so enclosure was not less than thirty acres, few arrows in your quiver ?" With a sar- surrounded by a stockade, and lined on thi castic smile, he replied—" If a man canunt outside by the vassals of the Rajah. They do his business with two arrows, he is unfit had previously driven the wild animals of for his trade." At that moment he let fly

the country to this place, being the highest 'a shaft, and a deer dropped d*ad ; he had ground in the plain, and encircled them. iiunieiliately recourse to his pipe, and The sight was whimsically wikl .and mag smoked profusely. The loud and hollow

nificent ; the concourse of peojile was im siiund of tlie nagarra, or war-drum, and the mense, the whole population, both of the discordant tones of the conch-shell, an- mountain and the plain, having turned out nounced a new arrival. The folding doors on the oucasion. The first thing tha of the arena wex'e thrown open, and ten struck his observation, upon entering thi male ele]>hauts with their riders were mar- arena, was the singularity of the dresse shalled befiire the Rajah, and a motion from worn by the different tribes of Ciisseahs, o: the Rajah's hand was the signal to advance. 284 LIN FIFESHIRE BIOGRAPHV.

The buffiilwiu},' their drivers, and breaking down an equal proportion, promising at the same the stockades—one solitary elephant ex- tune a higli price for the produce next year. cejited. This magnificent animal had been During the currency of the season, he made trained for the Rajah's own use, and accus- frequent enquu-ies, and the invariable an- tomed to the sport. The buffalo, in retiirn- swer was—" that the crop promised stbU ;" iiig from his pursuit, attentively surveyeil but when the revolving year came round, it him, as lie stood at a distance, alone in the appeared that not one man out of the whole arena. He seemed for a few minutes un- had put the seed into the ground. certain whether to attack him They or rejoin his had argued the case among herd. None themselves and who do not possess the talents voted it an infringement that ought to be of a Ziittany can describe the conflict that resented, ami his wheat was baked into now took place. The elephant, the most cakes. The oppression of the Mahometan unwieldy of the two, stood on the defensive, Government was not yet forgot, and it must and his position was remarkable. In order be many years before these people can fully to defend his iiroboscis, he threw it over his understand the nature of head, a free constitution, his fore leg advanced ready for a here every man benefits liy his own in- start—his tail in a hoi-izontal line from his dustry. Mr Lin, Isay had, at very consider- body—his eager eye steadily fixed on his an- able expense, introiluced the culture of tagonist. The buffalo, who had hitherto ludigo and the silkworm, and jiresented to been tearing the ground witl the Presidency very fair samples of both rushed forward with velocity—the elephant ; but he was obhged to abandon the under- advancing with rapid strides at the sam( taking from the heavy inundations the moment, received the buffalo upon his tusks country is subject to, from being in the and threw him into the air with the same vicinity of the mountains, and which occa- facUity an English bull wouM toss a do-- sionally swept all before them. The growth theu.lrove his tusks through the bodyo of coffee also occupied his attention. the buffalo, and iu He that position carried hin brought a great as number of jjlants from a easily as a baby, and laid him at the distant province, where it was cultivated. Kajah's feet. The collection of the revenues Being on the point of leaviug Sylhet for a was now reduced to so regular a system as few months, he gave the plants in charge to give him no trouble whatever; but the to his native gardener, with strict injunc- interior pohce and the civil court of justice tions to defend them. Upon his return, required unremittmg attention. As in other being anxious to see the progress they had unciviUsed countries, the natives were made, he found that they had completely litigious iu the extreme, and they were not changed their character ; some were without their lawyers to render lar-'er their simple than before, others small. story as compUcated as Upon further possible. The herd examination, the gardener acknowledged shekest, or infraction of boundaries, formed that the goats had broken in and destroyed at least nine-tenths of the causes before the most of the plants, and, in consequence, he court. The boundaries of the land under had gone to the woods, and furnished him- cultivation were well defined, but in the self with an equal number of plants of the wild regions, covered with trees and brush- same description. He fortunately still pre- wood, there is no landmark or mode of as- served a few of the old stock, which were certaining to whom such lands belong. Nor carefully planted out with those newly does the party injured ever complain when acquired, and in due time they both pro- his opponent first begins to clear the jungle, duced the identical coffee—and thus estab- but watches the progress as an unconcerned lished the curious fact that the coffee plant spectator, until the whole is cleared—then was the indegenous or natural growth of loudly complains of bemg forcibly dispos- the high ground of this country. I3ut he sessed of Ins property. In such cases the left it to his successor to prosecute the cul- decision often leant to the side of the indus- tivation or not as he thought proper, his trious man, particularly on the high ground other occupations fully occupying his time. such unprovements being always attended Having ah-eady mentioned his being much with much expense. He had himself taken occupied in the court of justice, we here much pams to infuse into the zemindars "' relate an incident that hajipened proprietors of the to him, high grounds, spirit "'hich for the of moment gave him uneasiness. industry, of which tlu was well „™'^ Trials by water and by fire were occasionally deservin-aeservin^. "'TheJ. tie nonnint'fmr population was abundant, resorted to, | when a difficulty in decision LIN FIFESHTRE BIOGRAPHY. LIN occurred to the judge. Oue day two men tion of the country, they delight in tho were brouglit to him, in his official capacity, sequestered range of the mountain; did the one accusing the other of having stolen they prefer the plain, whole kingdoms would a piece of money from his girdle. The ac- be laid waste. As it may prove interesting cused person solemnly asserted his inno- to the reader, we shall endeavour to describe, cence, called God to be his witness, and in as few words as possible, the method demanded the ordeal, or trial by water. The adopted in catching, training, and taming with plaintiff cried out — "Agreed! agreed! these wonderfid animals. It m.ay !" multi- safety be affirmed that few people have water ! water The surrounding tude looked to the judge, and he ordered, caught more of them, or are more conversant with magisterial solemnity, that the will of with their natural history, than Mr Lindsay. God be obeyed. The Cutchery, or Court of This statement is grounded on the experience Justice, stood on the banks of a beautiful of twelve years, during which period he pond. In a few minutes, both plaintiff and caught from one hundred and fifty to two defendant plunged into the water, and dis- hundred annually. During the Mogul considered aiipeared. The supposed thief instantly governmet Sylhet was always arrival there floated to the surface, and acknowledged the chief station, and upon bis remains of the his guilt, but the accuser was not to be seen, he found the very important coonkies, or and for some moments Mr Lindsay was old est.abUshment, viz., six under much alarm, having countenanced decoy females, completely trained to the without their powerful assistance the frolic—so offered a sum of money to any business ; person who would dive to the bottom and nothing can he done. There were also still experienced old men, regu- bring him up ; this was effected just in time remaining many profession. He to restore life, which was nearly gone. He larly brought up to the had clung tenaciously to the weeds, and was therefore started under every ailvantage. determined to die upon the spot rather than Early in October, when the periodical rains frequented abandon his chiim. Mr Lindsay's next subside, he sent out to the hiUs p.anjallies, or alarm was still more ridiculous. In walking by the elephants, eight or ten and re- to the Court, he was accosted by a mendi- tracksmen, to make observations, — often to cant priest, in the words "If you are a connoitre the forest. They had fifteen d.iys' journey ere they reached gentleman you will give me money ; if you travel Their business are a decoit (or robber), I have nothing to the place of destination. the expect." Mr Lindsay gave him a blow was to ascertain as early as possible herd this re- with the palm of his hand for so insolent s number .ind quality of the ; and, as the speech, when he fell prostrate on the ground, quires considerable experience, is thick to allow them as if dead. Mr Lindsay went on without jungle or thicket too paying him the smallest attention, and in a full \'iew of the herd, it can only be of their four or five hours, returning the same way, learned by examining the marks in the mud, the quantity of dung, the found him stiU lying in the same position ; feet trodden his attendants first lifted a leg, then an arm, broken branches, the underwood the remains of the bamboo, and reported him dead ! Mr Lindsay on this down, and When the certainly felt an unpleasant sensation, but, which is their favourite fodder. stooping Immediately to the ground, he panjallies are satisfied that the numbers will they send picked up a straw, and, tickling his nostrils, justify the expense to be incurred, of the number to give intelli- the air resounded with hia sneeze ! to the back two the no small astonishment of the bystanders. gence. Two bands of people have in prepared for The mendicant had a good whipping ir meantime been victualled and consequence. To return to his commerci.al service under distinct leaders—the one body the other operations. It has been already mentioned to join the panjallies in the forest, at the that elephants formed a very considerable to prepare the Keddah or enclosure, detachment des- branch of trade in these sequestered regions. bottom of the hill. The first from They are found in considerable number un- tined to the forest take the field ; aie der the same range, where the hills are not so one hundred andfiftytotwohundredmen purpose. When precipitous, .at Chattagong, Jipper.at, and generally required for this arrived the spot, the leader of this Sylhet ; each of these places furnishes an- they on and, marcli- nually a considerable number for the use of httle band parades his troops, every two our armies, but these stations united could ing at their head, drops a man of cir- not supply the number required, had not hundred y.ards, thus forming a line mght, the elephant flock an easy communication cumvallation round the herd. At with the adjacent countries of Aracan, each man lights a fire at his post, and fur- himself with a dozen joints of the Pegu, and Siam ; these countries produce nishes occasionally elephants to any extent, which migrate large bamboo, one of which he con- hither to India occasionally, and supply its throws into the fire, and, the air it it explodes walks when they prove deficient. This ob- tains being rarefied by the heat, The servation will be fully understood when it with a report as loud as a musket. intimid.ated, confine is stated, that in the twelve years Mr Lind- elephants, being thus say resided under these mountains, at least themselves to the centre of the wide circle, less than five hundred elephants were caught an- which certainly does not contain nually by an equal proportion from each a hundred acres. After a few days' pause, herd being station. Most fortunately for the popula- the number and description of the —;

LIN FIFESHIRE BIOGRAPHY. LIN

now completely ascertained, pr6i)arations ing her protection, .and clinging to her in are made to return towards the plain. The difficulty. Mr Lindsay found from expe- party on the phiin Ijelow have, during thia rience that the numl.ers of fuU-growu males interval, been completely occupied in form- thus taken are by no means in iirojiortion to

ing the Keddah or enclosure, which is pre- the females of the same age ; the reason is, jiared at the mouth of a ravine or entry into that the captain of the herd allows none to the hills. Attention is paid that the Keddah remain but such as pay obsequious obedience be well suijplieil with a stream of water, and to his will. He has himself fought his way the tjreatest care is taken not to injure the to this despotic pre-eminence by many a hard- brushwood, or turn up the soil at the en- fought battle, as his numerous scars testify, trance, as this would alarm. When this and woe be to him that dares show attention enclosure is reiKirted complete, the circle to any of the females in his presence. Few upon the mountain is opened on the side of choose to be members of the society on such the jilain, and the people advance by slow terms, and the ni.ales thus expelled are found

marches, encircling the herd each successive wandering on the plain in solitude ; they night, until they reach the vicinity of the are of the very liest description, and are low country. The circle is now open for afterwards caught with the assistance of the the last time, the leading elephant, with a tame elephants. They are called Goondahs, alow but cautious step, feeding and walking and their character as warriors being thus alternately, and finding no obstacle in the established, they fetch a double price to the

way, gradually enters the enclosure ; the common sort. But to return to the Ked- peo)ile behind now rapidly rushed forward, dah : the elephants having been enclosed driving the elephants before them with a eight days, and everything bearing the ap- quiclc pace, until they all enter. After pearance of vegetaljle being at last con- walking round the enclosure, finding them- sumed, hegia sorely to feel the effects of selves entrapped, they rush back to the hunger, and are glad to ajiproach the side place through which they entered, but this of the enclosure to pick up small quantities they find strongly barricaded. The whole of grass, thrown to them by the guai-ds. enclosure is now lined on the outside with After being still more reduced by famine, people ; fire and musquetry are also used each wild animal is surrounded in the en- when violence is resorted to ; and it fre- closure l)y half-a-dozen decoy females, large quently occurs that a successful charge is ropes are passed round its body, and it is made, the animals break through the en- lugged out of the Keddah by force. In closure, and the whole escape. The hunters this operation great assistance is given by then, for the first time, have an opportunity the tame ones, who assist in passing the of examining the herd minutely. In the ropes, aud even beat the wild animal when Keddah, to which allusion has just been refractory. He is now drawn to the bottom made, there were found seventy-two in number, including the old and superan-

' nuated, the young and middle-aged, and simple as that of catching ; they are led the cub just dropped. This at once accounts the water each day by the decoy elephants, for these sagacious animals allowing them- the wild animal is in the centre, and a decoy selves to be caught in so simple a manner, on each side, so that he can do no harm. one might say without a struggle ; for, For a few weeks his keeper is cautious in during the period of fifteen days' march approaching his trunk, but he soon makes towards the plain, at the rate of ten miles him more familiar by giving him salt tied each day, they .allowed themselves to be up in a leaf, which he is very fond of. It encircled each successive night, without is in the water the elephant is first mounted ever attempting to force the cordon ; this the driver leaps from the back of the tame seeming indifference can only be attributed elephant upon his : at first, he is highly dis- to the uncommon affection and attention pleased, but, with coaxing, throwing the the females show to their young ; for, water over him, and scratching his back, he rather than abandon their offspring in then: soon becomes reconciled, and in less than distress, she resigns herself to voluntary two months he learns to obey his keeper, slavery. In order to corroborate this theory, and becomes tractable. In the course of Mr Lindsay mentions a fact of which he the year he is well fed, and prejiared for a had occular proof when standing before the distant market. Mr Lindsay fortunately Keddah now referred to. In the hurry of had several confidential native servants, on .stopping up the gap at which the elephants whose integrity he could implicitly rely entered, two of the females had wandered one in particular, of the name of Manoo, a

from the flock ; their young had entered Hindoo. To his care he frequently en-

with the rest of the herd ; for several days trusted from fifty to sixty elephants, giving they continued to bellow and walk round him the wide range of Hindostan for his the enclosure, and at laat forced their way market. In those days, when the country in by breaking down the stockade. Nor is princes were in full power, there were con- the mother's attention confined solely to stant demands for them, either in the war the sucking cub, for, upon thia and other department or parade. The average price similar occasions, there have been seen three at a distant station was from £40 to £50 ; or four young ones, the brood of successive years, following their mother, alike claim- LIN FIFESHIRE BIOGRAPHY. leaped into the beauties comrades, but he persisted, market racer. The natives have blemishes in their opinion of them ot and desired her to kneel down, she did so, and foreigners know but little. They which her out of the enclosure in triumph. and unlucky marks. An he rode have their lucky Mr Lindsay had, among others, several with the left tooth only is elephant born elephants, who proved highly black spots m the superannuated reckoned sacred ; with removing the useful to him m carrying and and not saleable ; mouth unlucky when he commenced shipbuildmg. bnrn without teeth, is d, mukna, or elephant had occasion to launch a mast ammal differs so One day he thought the best. No the ground being a paces some ot into the river, but the elephant in hia ; much as it could not be effected by his pleasant, others are qua"mire, them are smooth and allowed the elephant people ; he therefore for heavy burthens; when weU only fit gest the means. He launched half ot is a niost valu- tr.ained for a gentleman, he ground did it into the stream easily, but the conveyance, as one may cross the rough- able not allow him to advance further. After his back at the rate of six est country on for some time what was to be particularly useful in considering miles an hour. He is few yards of rope tied to the traverse a forest done, seeing a shooting, as you may extended his trunk and animals with im- end of the mast, he abounding with fierce to the "Ot hold of it, and drew the mast bringing down a buffalo or a tiger punity, Shore. He then put the point of his toe to walk without danger. In the sports in your the extremity, and, giving it a violent kick, surprising he is so little of the field it is mast into the stream. Mr Lindsay owing to the expense threw the used; this is Ukely having often heard his coun- male elephant must in complains of attending it, for a the honesty of the lower female, to trymen impeach general be atttended by a In order to Had Provi- ranks of the natives of India. manage him when refractory. he relates a fact animals counteract this impression, dence, in bestowing upon these hardly be instanced m more . far beyond wliich can Buoh strength and sagacity, He never had from Go- given them courage in civilised society. other quadrupeds, contract by which he could of man vernment a the same proportion, the power elephants to ad- Fortunately, dispose of his numerous hardly control them ! would v.antaf'e, he therefore sent off anuallly from are the most timid animals in the they SyUiet from one hundred and fifty to two found in a herd, they confine world ; when four distinct flocks or and avoid the hundred divided into themselves to the desert, They were put under the charge barking of a spaniel caravans. haunts of man : the of the of the common Peon, or menial drive them into their retreat, were would description, with directions to sell number. A fter they are lowest they a hundred in wherever a market could be found- at they acquire confadence them rendered domestic Seringapatam, Hydrabad, or Poonah. gradually brought Delhi, in their driver, and are were often absent eighteen requires length These people their enemy ; but it to face months. On one occasion, his servant before they wiU oppose either tiger, of time Manoo (already mentioned), after a twelve or rhinoceros in the open held. buffalo, months' absence, returned all covered with occasion do they use their proboscis Upon no appearance most miserable ; he it is dust and in or defensive weapon ; as an offensive girdle, and produced a scrap of food to the mouth, unfoide.1 his only used to convey their dimensions, which proved to throw it paper of small and in the moment of danger they three or four be a banker's bill amounting to head, or put it to either side, as over their thousand pounds-his own pay was thirty to secure it from danger. In best calculated sterUng per month. Mr Lindsay Keddah, above described, Mr Lindsay shillings the had no security whatever but his experience saw a female with her proboscis nearly cut might have gone of the man's integrity ; he the pipe which conveys water to through, money if he pleased. But he destroyed. Being off with the the mouth completely showed the smallest distrust, device she would tall never felt or curious to know what returned with bills to the he waited the and they always upon to supply this defect, Lmdsay left India, then fuU amount. When Mr period when she went to drink, bhe these ex- was still absent on one of trunk into the water about Manoo dropped the he deUvered to Mr Lindsay s foot, closed the cursions, but two feet, and, with her fore an account of the produce the proboscis, agent as faithful wound by carefully bending done to himself. Can injured at he would have so as to restore the suction of the given than stronger proofs of honesty be thus quenched her thirst ; no tube, and related? Mr Lindsay certainly could have suggested a that now human ingenuity all his menial ser- occurrence was most fortunate m better resource. Another trifling changed theni vants, having seldom or never at this Keddah, which deserves happened residence of eighteen years. But showing the memory of thi during a notice, as preference to the Hindoo rather elephants were safely he gale the animals. After the During his residence pre- than the Mahometan. enclosed, their captors were making pros- in India, when British affairs were less parations to extract them, when one ot tbe perous than at present, the country was drivers called out—" Jaim Piaree, as 1 am less convulsed by occasional com- '" he meant, and more or alive He was asked what period when Mr twelve motions. We refer to the replied—" That is my elephant I lost Hastings visited Benares m the year 17HA years ago." He was laughed at by his — "

LIN FIFESHIRE BIOGRAPHY. LIN

and the temporary revolt of Rajali Cheit justice. It is my duty, as Chief ^Magistrate, Sing, and Vizier Ali. By a well-constructeil to place you also under custody. I must plan, they had nearly succeeded in takini; also senil to your house for your trunks

Mr Hastings and his body-guard prisoners ; containing your papers, and have them had this been effected, the whole of India examined in open durbar. The man ap- would have been in anns and open revolt, peared in much agitation, and asked if such

being justly disaffected ; as it was, there were the reward of his services ? Mr Lind- was considerable agitation in many of the say promised him full justice in due time. provinces of Bengal, and it was partially In a few hours his papers were brought and felt even at Dacca and Sylhet. In order to inspected, when a scene of villainy appeared show the troublesome people he had to deal which proved him an offender of no common with, we mention the following anecdote : standing. Mr Lindsay found that the letter An inhabitant of the village of Sylhet, by he had jiroduced, and also the seal attached

trade a silversmith, and of some note, re- to it, were forgeries ; and various attempts quested a private interview. He told Mr at forging were found among the papers, till Lindsay that one of the Cusseah chiefs had they had reached perfection—and even the lately come down from the mountains, and Government official seals were done with lodged next him in the town, that from cir- the utmost nicety. He was, of course, con- cumstances which had appeared, he was signed over to the regular courts for trial, and afraid a conspiracy of an alarming nature the commandant received public honours, was carrying on, of which Mr Lindsay was to prove his superior's approval of his past not aware, and produced a letter he h:\d services. Mr Lindsay hail never hitherto picked up, addressed to Mr Lindsay's com- been in the practice of riding out into the mandant of sepoys ; the language, he said, country with attendants of any kind ; even he did not fully understand, but advised .Mr yet he preserved the same plan, knowing Lindsay to send for the Cusseah interpreter. that, if he had betrayed any fear, there would

Mr Lindsay accordingly did so. The man, be no end to alarms ; but an incident oc- upon reading the paper, started, and hastily curred soon after, to show that fanatical

shut the door ; the letter was addressed as zeal had been roused to resent the death of described—to his commandant of Sepoys. the high priest, which made him more This person was possessed of Sir Lindsay's cautious in future. His friend, Robert full confidence, and the latter was not a Hamilton {a captain in the army, son of a httle alarmed and mortified to find that he gentleman of the same name, foi-merly laird was in correspondence with the hill chief to of Kilbrackmont), came to pay him a visit. betray and put him to death. —The letter He and his guest were sitting together at contained the following words : " I per- dinner, which bad ]ust come in, when his fectly understand your la,st communication, servant informed him that a fakeer, or and will act accordingly. On Monday mendicant priest, wished to speak with morning, two hours before daybreak, I will him on urgent business. Although the surround the house of your chief, and take hour was unseasonable, he desired him to him and the whole of his establishment be admitted. Mr Lindsay was sitting at

prisoners. You , and your sepoys who are the top of the table, Mr Hamilton at the

In my interest, must be on the watch, and bottom, next the door ; the priest entered shall be amply rewarded." This was, indeed, and stood immediately behind Mr Hamilton. enough to startle Mr Lindsay. He retired He began his story by saying that he had to his room, and dressed his pistols. He been robbed on entering the jirovince, and, then sent his European servant for Reim being plundered of all he possessed, he Khan, his commandant, and told him that looked to Blr Lindsay for redress. There he ever considered him as a trusty man and was an irritation in his manner, and a faithful servant, but th.at he had some in- wildness in his eye, and his right hand formation against him, which made him rested in the cummerbund, or cloth which alter his opinion. " You are now under encircled his body. His appearance alarmed " arrest," said Mr— Lindsay, and"—turning Mr Lindsay ; therefore, without— changing to his servant "there is a brace of pistols, his voice or manner, he said " Hamilton ! watch this man during the night, and if slip behind that man and knock him down." any resistance is offered, or a rescue at- Hamilton hesitated at first, till Mr Lindsay tempted, shoot him through the head." The exclaimed, "Obey my orders!" Hamilton commandant then deUvered up his sword, was a strong man, and, rising up, with a

and Mr Lindsay retired. To the informer blow from behind, laid the priest prostrate ; in the adjoining room he held a different but, in the act of falling, he aimed a blow language. " My friend," said he, " 1 am at Hamilton with his poinard, which he infinitely obliged to you for your informa- had held concealed, and, finding he had tion on this occasion, as you have probably missed his aim, immediately buried the steel saved me and the settlement from the in his own breast. The priest fainted from

greatest calamity ; and be assured, you loss of blood. When, having recovered from shall be amply rewarded when the con- his swoon, Mr Lindsay asked him what his

spiracy is fully traced ; the commandant is motive was for this atrocious act, his answer now under confinement, and the proofs was that of a mad man—" That he was a must soon appear. At the same time, it is messenger from God, sent to put to death necessary to preserve the appearance of the unbelievers. " M r Lindsay's suspicions No. xsxvil. 289 ;

FIFESHIHE BIOGRAPHY.

fice. The poor creature lingered some harsher tone, he added, "you killed my weeks and then died, but never altered his father also." " Was he an old'man, Seyd- statement. Instances such as that described ullah ?" " Yes." " Your father was not to the killed in 1 saved hia life myself, frequently occurred to him, owing action ; — am annual assemblage of fan.itics at the shrine I right or wrong ?" He said " You are of the tutelary saint. Before quitting the right ; he was wounded, and died in conse- subject of the foregoing affray, we must re- quence, some months afterward." Seyd- turn to the death of the high priest, and the ullah confirmed, in broken English, Mr old man lying wounded at Mr Lindsay's Lindsay's former details on the subject. feet at the top of the hill, it being connected He would not allow that his father was — with the following singular occurrence : actually the slave of the high priest, but In Mr Lindsay's domestic circle, long after styled him liis s.alteater, or dependent. He his return to this country, he had more than said that the Pier Zada and his two brothers once told the story relative to the death of fell in the atfi-ay, with several others of their

the high priest ; he was listened to with in- adherents, but would give no account how terest, but was evidently allowed the lati- the disturbances originated, further than tude of a traveller, when, more than twenty that the country was at that moment in a years afterwards, his veracity was fuUy con- convulsed state. About this time a friend firmed in the presence of his whole family. made Mr Lindsay a present of some Cale- In taking his usual morning's ride along the donian newspapers. On examining them coast, be passed the door of the parish clergy- at his leisure, Mr Lmdsay found an adver- man, his worthy friend, the Rev. Mr SmalL tisement from the agents of the Yoolc There he perceived a man standing, dressed Buildings Company, stating that certain in fuU eastern costume, with turban, mus- estates belonging to them were on sale ; and as tachios, trowsers, girdle, and sandals. To an encouragement to intending puijjhasers, the money might remain in the hands of the buyer for a term of years. It immediately were you bom ?" " In Calcutta." " Toot- struck Mr Lindsay that, upon such favour- " bant—it is a lie," said Mr Lindsay ; your able terms, he or any man might become a

accent betrays you ; you must belong to a landed proprietor ; he therefore, without a different part of the country." "You are moment's delay, despatched a letter to his right, sir," he replied, "but how could I mother, vesting her with full authority to e.xpect to be cross-questioned in a foreign purchase. This she accomplished with land ?" With a salaam to the ground, he equal promptitude, purchasing, at that asked Mr Lindsay's name, and where he happy moment, the estate of Leuchars, for lived. Mr Lindsay pointed to the house on £31,000, which most assuredly is now the hill, and desired him to call upon him worth double the amount or more. Tlie next morning. He came accordingly, and society being now more enlan^rd. several Mr Lindsay's numerous family were aU Europeanshavingjoined, Mr Lindsay.L;l:ully present at the conversation in the Hin- joined with them in such aniusoiiiriiisas tliv dostani language. Mr Lindsay first asked country afforded. The foreuoun ^^a^ inva- his name—" Seyd-uUah," he answered. riably devoterl to business, and in the even- " How came you to tell me a lie the first ing they adjourned for a few hours to a question lever asked you?" "You took garden on the top of a liiU, to which Mr me by surjjrise, sir, by addressing me in Lindsay had for a series of years paid jiar- my own language. The fact is, I was born tieular attention. It w.a-s on one side at a place called Sylhet, in the kingdom of covered with a thick grove of orange trees, Bengal, and came here as servant to Mr which he had yihxnted, and which, from the Small's son, who was purser of the ship rapid vegetation of the country, had become

A gentleman of your name," he continued, a wood ; on the opposite side of the hill a ' ** was well known in that country, an clump of fir trees had made considerable

London I euileavoured to find him out, Ijut progress ; they were the only trees of that in vain, nowhere could I trace him description he ever saw in India, and had " Sup])ose," said Mr Lindsay, loolciug hi been ijrought to hhn when young from the full in the face. " that I am the man.' i Thiliet Jloantains, and S(jon became a started back with horror in his countenance great ornament to the country. In the cold

—"What ! Did did you kiU the Pier Za season they had shooting in perfection (the son of the high priest). " Yes,"' pe.acocl;s, partridges, wild cocks and hens, " Lindsay rephed, I did ; he attacked me and water fowl in abundance; but it was sword in hand, and fell a victim to his own dangerous to shoot on foot, from the multi- rashness." Seyd-uUah immediately re- plicity of tigers and leopards that infested the covered his composure. When Mr Lindsay woods. One day, while shooting with his asked him what was the opinion of the Highland servant, .Tolm Mackay, the latter people on tliat sul.ijeet, he answered—"Some suddenly exclaimed, in his own broad ac- ;" ?" approvedyourconduct, others disapproved cent—" Gude G , sir, what ca' ye that "and," putting his hand on his breast, with pointing at the s.anie time to a huge animal ' " a sUght inclination, ' I was but a boy in the path before liim. That, John, is a " Where were you during the fray, Seyc royal tiger!" "Shall I tak' a whack at 200 UN FIFESHIRE BIOGRAPHY. LIN

" ' him, sir?" No, Johu ; let be, for let be' veyed to the town. The place chosen for is the surest plan." Another day, having his public debut was generally an old marked a peacock into a large tamarind mosfjue surrounded by a high wall, enclo.s- tree, Mr Lindsay took aim and was about ing full half an acre of ground. In this to draw the trigger, when he observed a enclosure a buffalo awaited his arrival, and leopard rapidly tlescending from one of the stages were erected for spectators to see the branches, on which he had been basking. sport. It signiiies but little whether the Inif-

Mr Lindsay of course made a speedy re- falo is in his wild or domestic state ; they treat. There is seldom any danger to be have in either case the same antipathy to the apprehended when you can fi-t the eye of tiger, and attack him wherever tliey meet. these cowiirdly animals; they leap u|ion In the |ireseut instance the buffalo was iu you when off your guard, not when dis- his tame state, brought from his daily oc- covered, and their blow is generally fatal. cu]>ation in tlie lield, and submissive to his In this oountrv, ti'^'ers of all Icincls were lirivi'i-. I'.iit I.Iki iii.imout tlie tiitcr entered,

witli 1-y at Mr Hflv lit llUllSL'lf

•sixty :iiniuallv, wl.i.-li art'ordi'd th^u. iiiiu-li Sflf . liis back, ' amusnurut. W'lien a buUocJc is carried off

by a ti'^'er, the fanner gives information to the buffalo soon overpowers 1 tlu-ev tossing liii the ottioe ; the )iaiij:dla, or traoksman, traces him m the air,

him by liis fi:)0tsteps t(j his den ; the diums horn, until he was ilcad. The leopard are beat, the nets .are coUecteil, and the shows much more play when tlirown

haunt is surrounded with the net to prevent into the enclosure with the buffalo ; in au his escaiie. A tem|)orary stage is erectOL instant, he is on the toj) of his back, autl for the chief and his attendants. Elephani,! makes him completely furious ; he then

are ordered out to beat down the brush jumps from Umb to liml) iu every dii'ection ;

wood ; they soon succeed in rousing thf but whenever the buffalo can hit him a fair tiger, and the gentlemen have an oppor^ blow he is done for. They sometimes, tunity of shooting the animal in perfect though not often, fell in with a rhmoceros. safety. Upon one of these occasions they He is of a morose, sulky disposition, and

successively shot four tigers ; the crowd shuns the other beasts of the forest. During supposing them all killed, jumped into the the raius, one of a very large size lost his enclosure, when a fifth tiger sprung out from way, and took refuge in a thicket within a under a bush, and killed a man. This mode few miles of the town. The drums, as of catching is seldom practised, as it is op- usual, beat to arms, and the whole popula- pressive to the inhabitants, occupying their tion turned out. The situation was favour- time for several days. Another method, able, three small hillocks close to each other, more simple, and equally effectual, is re- covered with brushwooil, and surrountled sorted to. Large traps, constructed of with water. But to rouse him from his den wood and turf, of an enormous size, not less was a business of no small difficulty. Find- than thirty-six feet long, with four doors ing himself surrounded, he lay close. The successively opening from each other, are party fired into the thicket, and threw fire- built in such places as the tigers frequent. works, without effect. At last, the sports- The bait is a Uving biUlock in the centre. men got a very long rope, and tied a log of

The tiger may enter on either side ; on wood to the middle of it ; they then passed treading on a spring, the two counter doors the ends to the two opposite hillocks, hold- drop, and he is secured, while the bullock ing the weight suspentied over the place remains in perfect safety. A tube or cyhu- where the rhinoceros lay, and, at a signal der, of about twelve feet long and eighteen given, they dropped it directly upon the inches' cahbre (made of mats and fortified animal's back. On this, he made a furious with rope or ground rattans, and secured at charge, but they received him with a shower the further end by two sticks, run across of iron balls, which compelled him to retro- it), is now introduced ; and the tiger, being grade. They continued to fire "at hun, with previously teased in the trap, and abundantly no offect whatever, owing to the toughness anxious to escape, seing this ray of daylight of his coat of maU. iSlr Lindsay ordered conveyed into his prison through the tube, one of his servants to aim at him between gathers himself together, and darts into it, the folds under the neck, in a horizontal in hopes of finding a passage at the opposite direction from the lower ground, upon which extremity ; but it is stopped by the cross- he at last feU. Mr Lindsay had then an op- bars. A man stands by to drive iu two portunity of examining his body, and found other bars across the end by which he en- that, (except the last) he had not sustained tered. No mouse was ever more inoffensive any injury from the many balls fired at him. than this powerful animal now finds Inm- And he was not a Uttle pleased to extricate self ; the whole space he has to move iu is himself from the crowd ; for the inhabitants only eighteen inches' calibre, which barely from the adjoining villages, with a savage allows him to move, and Mr Lindsay re- enthusiasm, had besmeared themselves with peatedly took him by the whiskers with his blood, and were dancing around him impunity. But his troubles are not at an with frantic wildness. Every part of the end. He is now Hfted upon a cart and con- carcase possessed, in their opinion, charms LIN FIFESHIRE BIOGRAPHY. LIN for one disease or another, and was carried ful friend, his wife.'' " It is now," he says, off piecemeal. It was with much difficulty " near thirty-five years since we were happily that he secured the head and horn, which united, and during that long period I have he brought home with him, and retained in enjoyed in her society, and that of our his possession. He had also the curiosity numerous family, as much comfort and to secure a collop, with which he made a happiness as this world can afford. To very tolerable steak. Upon the first view her, with perfect gratitude and affection, I the hunters had of him, when charging them consign the care of the foregoing jiages for on the hill, he had all the appearance of a the perusal of my family—thus fulfilling my hog of enormous size. Mr Lindsay never father's advice, in transmitting to my knew an instance of his coming in contact children this trifling memorial of myself." with the elephant or builalo ; but, from the In consequence of his sight being much im- powerful weapon on his nose, he thinks he paired by a catai'act in his eyes, Mr Lindsay would prove a formidable antagonist. Mr wrote with difficulty ; he therefore dictated Lindsay mentions another animal, a native this sketch to liis three daughters, Anne, of these hills, thegayaul, nowhere described Elizalteth, and Cecilia. in Buffon's Natural History. He is about LINDSAY, Gent-ral .Tames, of Balcarres, the size of a large English ox, but stouter in was the sou of the above Hon. Robt. Lindsay, the body, and well made. He partakes of who w.as a younger brother of the late Earl the cow and buffalo, but is evidently of a of Crawford, Lindsay, and Balcarres, and separate class. Attempts were frequently from whom he purchased the family estate. made to send them to Calcutta, but they Gener.al Lindsay was born at Balcarres on always died when brought to the low the 17th Aprd 1793, and died at Genoa on country. Then: milk was yellow as saffron, the 5th December 1855, whither he had gone and in considerable quantity. Tiiey are for the benefit of a milder climate during domesticated in the Chittagong and Tip- the winter months. The General was one perat hills, where Mr Lindsay h.as seen of the most respected of the county gentle- them in consider.able numbers. On visiting men of Fife. He long occupied a con- the country where the greater part of his spicuous position in the country. He sat elephants were caught, Mr Linilsay fell in during a short session in Parliament for with a smaU tribe of hill-people, Uving more the county of Fife, but at an ensuing elec- in the style of the brute creation than any tion, his Conservative principles not suiting he had ever met with. They are well a majority of the electors, he was defeated known by the name of Cookies, and have by Captam Wemyss after a keen canvass, their habitations on spreading trees, to which, however, was carried on with great defend them from be.ists of prey. They hve good feeUng on both sides. General Lind- on wild honey and the fruits of the forest, s.ay was appointed Colonel of the Fifeshire and have but little connection with the JliUtia on the death of the Earl of KeUie, people of the low country. He procured and only resigned that office when his de- one of their children, whom he endeavoured cUning years suggested the propriety of such to educate, but found his capacity very in- a step. In the affairs of the county he took ferior J he was fonder of the society of a a deep interest. For a number of years he office of Joint-Convener, along tame monkey than any other companion ; held the nor did he, during the course of one year, with Mr Tindal Bruce, and at the April acquire a single word of the language of the meeting of 1854 resigned that office, which country. At last, he made his escape into he had discharged with the highest honour the woods, and Mr Linds.ay never saw him to himself, and with the utmost advan- again. The year 1787 had now commenced, tage to the business of the Commissioners and he began to feel the effects of the labo- of Supply. In the discharge of public duty, rious and active life he had led during he was invariably firm, but courteous and eighteen years' residence in Incha. Upon concUiatory punctual to every engagement; ; balancing his accounts for the two preceding and ever anxious to maintain or extend the years he found that his affairs had been fair fame of the county. He was also a more prosperous than he imagined. He Deputy-Lieutenant of Fifeshire. The latest therefore prepared, with a glad heart, to public matters in which this re.spected gentle- return home. He embarked for England man concerned himself specially, were in in January 1789, on board the Brittauia, fine keejiing with his character. These Captain Cumraing, and arrived there after were—railway extension to the East of Fife, a tedious voyage of six months. He found .and the improvement of the cottages of many of his friends in London in as agriculturiil labourers—both calculated to good health as when he left them, particu- advance the comforts of the general com- larly his excellent brother and best friend, munity. In the latter work more especially, Colin, then General Lindsay, who accom- General Lindsay manifested much zeal, panied him to Scotland, having travelled both as a member of the society for effecting the same road with him twenty years before, the important object alluded to, and also as

on his way to Spain. The subsequent years a priv.ate landholder ; and, we understand, he of Mr Lindsay's life were devoted to the had in view extensive improvements on aU education of his children, and improvement the cottages belonging to his estate, which of his estate, in both of which he s,\vs " he his death, of course, pat a stop to foratime. was most ably assisted by his best and faith- In poUtics, General Lindsay was throughout 292 LIN PIFESHIRE BIOGRAPHY. LIN life Conservative, but without a tinge of many daring exploits of the intrepid men bitterness against those who tlifFered from by whose energy and unshaken courage the him. As a landlord, he enjoyed the esteem allied armies were carried to the heights of of the whole of his tenantry, and iu private Alma, we have not heard of an instance life he was one of the most amiable of men which surpassed, in cool daring, the conduct — a perfect type of " the old country gentle- of Mr Lindsay, then a Lieutenant of the Bian"'-kind, affable, and easy of access. It Scots Fusilier Guards, and carrying the is not, therefore, matter of surprise that Queen's colour. At the moment before the during his later years he found himself sur- heights were gained, and when the deadly rounded and blest with struggle raged so fiercely as to make it almost impossible to tell friend from foe, Mr Lindsay and another lieutenant became separated from their battalion, and found The intellisence of his death cast a gloom themselves, with four sergeants whose duty over a wide district of the country, where it was to sujiport them, attacked by a body his name and his virtues will be long remem- of Russians, whose commanding officer had bered and cherished by many a grateful led them against that colour. A desperate family. General Lindsay married in 1823, conflict ensued ; tlie four sergeants quickly Anne, eldest daughter of Sir Coutts Trotter, fell under a shower of balls. The Queen's , and left issue—Sir Coutts Trotter colour carried by Mr Lindsay was torn Lindsay, Colonel Robert Llyod Lindsay, into stripes, being pierced by twenty-eight and other children. bullets. The flagstaff was shot in two, still LINDSAY, Sir Coutts Trottek, of the two gallant officers jiersevered, and suc- WestviUe and Balcarres, Baronet, was born ceeded in cutting then- way thn^ugh the on the 2d day of February 1824. He was enemy which surrounded tiiem. They were eldest son of General Lindsay, the subject ably assisted at the critical moment by of the fm-egoing article, and was a Captain Cairtain Drummond, the Adjutant of the in the Grenadier Guards. He succeeded his regiment, whose horse was shot under him. maternal grandfather. Sir Coutts Trotter, of The successful Ijearer of the standard Westviile, Baronet, in his title and estates, escaped almost miraculously, and succeeded in 1837, and his father, in the estates of iu planting the colours on the heights which Balcarres and Leuchars, in 1855. Born to had just been won from the Russians, Mr a position of high rank and afBuence, but Lindsay having climbed the face of the hill with the aid of the broken staff, while he e.xultingly waved what remained of it with became early attached to literature, and the tatters of her Majesty's colours over his his tweuty-secoiid year wrote two dramas head—neither this gentleman nor his equally entitled ".'Alfred," and "Edward the Black distinguished companion received any hurt. Prince." These productions did no small But this was not the only gaUant achieve- credit to their young author, and were re- ment in Mr Lindsay's career - he was called markably well received. Some years after- upon to discharge other anluous and im- wards, he devoted his attention to painting, portant duties —he did not shrink from the and after studying in Italy, during which suffering m the trenches without sleep, he became distinguished for his knowledge food, water, or any covering—doing his duty of the old masters, he returned to England, along with the common soldiers, sharing and took a position of no common order as theur toils, their privations, and their dangers a portrait painter. His picture of Mrs without even a change of clothes for weeks. General Lindsay, his mother, which is Then came the battle of Inkermann, the ]ilaced in Balcarres House, is an' admirable most bloody of any, in which Mr Lindsay also Eainting. It was highly commended in the nobly bore his part. He received four medals, fondiin Exhibition. The drawing is ac- four clasjis, the grand cross of the legion of curate, the expression true and graceful, and honour, and the Victoria Cross, which the the handlingspirited and refined. Sir Coutts, Queen with her own hand suspended on the in short, has painted fewer pictures than gallant officer's breast, as a reward of high lovers of art could wish ; his productions merit and hard-earned honours. He has being doubly valual)le in respect, none of also been appointed the Companion and them are painted for the market. Few Equerry in Waiting on his Royal High- gentleman-artists have done more to propa- ness the Prince of Wales. Colonel Lindsay gate a taste for the fine arts in Scotland married the Honourable Miss Jones Lloyd, than Sir Coutts Trotter Lindsay. On the only daughter of the the Right Hon. Samuel 3Uth June 18134, Sir Coutts married CaroUne Jones Lloyd, Lord Overstone. Blanche, ohly surviving child of the late LINDSAY, The Hon. Mrs Harriet Eight Hon. Henry Fitzroy, at Upper .S.iKAH Lloyd, wife of the foregoing Colonel Grosvenor, London. Robert Ltndsay, The family of. The LINDSAY, Colonel RoBEKT Llotd, family of Lloyd is of ancient Welch descent, second son of General James Lindsay, of long resident in Carmarthenshire. Lewis Balcarres, was born on the 16th April 1832, Lloyd, Esq. of Overstone Park, county of and entered the army at an early age. He Northampton, formerly a very eminent was present at the battle of Alma, and banker of the city of London, born Ist Jan. greatly distinguished himself. Among the 1708, the eldest son of Wm. Lloyd, of Court 293 —

LIN FIFESHIRE BIOGEAPHV. LIN

Henry, County Carmarthen, married, 11th gifts of Providence. For what have we co- our November 1793, Sarah, daughter of John operated together, with our capital, with our Jones, Esq., of Manchester, and had a son intelligence, our industry, and labour ? For what do and heir, Samuel Jones, Baron Overstone, hard and persevering cultivation of the SOU ? Is of Overstone and Fotheringehay, both in we improve the these fair fields trampled the county of Northampton, so created by it that" we may see see these just and patent, 2Sth February 1850. His Lordship down by hostile feet, and legitimate efforts of our industry and our was bom 25th September 1796 ; married, from us by an invading 10th August 182'J. Harriet, third daughter exertion wrenched are other considerations of lohabod Wright, Esq. of Mapperley, army ? But there Harriet-Sarah, above which go more directly to our hearts. Notts, and has issue, emblem mentioned. Lord Overstone was educated There is in this country that visible recognise all the blessings at Eton and Cambridge. He was at one by which we beloved per- time a partner in the firm of Jones, Lloyd, we enjoy—that revered and and from & Company, bankers, but retired on his sonaUtv who sits on that throne people the glorious elevation to the peer.age. He has long been it diffuses over her constitutional government, eminent as a financier, and it was stated at li'^ht of our light of hsr private the time Sir Robert Peel brought forward kindled by the genial domestic worth. Are we as his Bank Charter Act, that the Minister virtue and see that throne was indebted to Lord Overstone for suggest- Englishmen [jrepared to that beloved Queen ing the most valuable portions of the bill. rolled in the dust and presence He has published several pamphlets on humbled and degraded by the in Buckingham Palac banking and commercial matters, and in of 1 foreign enemy cheers and cries of "Never.") many circles ia considered an authority on (Loudul oi youi- uwu uuiuca •jl such subjects. He s.it for Hythe, in the might speak to you and bliss, whose House of Commons in 1S19, and was fre- those homes of purity wives and daugh- quently proposed by the Liberal party of guardian angels are your consecrated by then- London, as a member for the City, but he ters, and which are (Cheers.) I leave decUned to stand, although at all times he virtue and sjTnpathy. however, to every lent his influence to secure the election of these considerations, no doubt, we were to Liberal men. A collection of his papers man's heart. Slow, fact that the pro- has been printed not long ago, in two recognise the undoubted from the pristuje volumes, for private circulation. As tection wliich we derived power was owing specimen of his Lordship's style, we refer and the influence of our our former great a speech delivered by him on the defence of to the remembrance of which have been the country, at a banquet given at North- deeds by laud and sea, and time. Slow were ampton, to his son-in-law, Lieut. -Colonel weakened by the lapse of such an eff'ect Lloyd Lindsay, as Captain of the Overstone we to recognise the fact that that the defences Mounted Rifle Corps, by the members of had Iwen produced, and around which the tenor follows :— which Providence h.ad long thrown that corps, of weakened " Lord Overstone, in responding to the toast our Island had been materially of science. But when once of the honorary members, said they were by the progress the British mmd, come together in connection with a great this conviction pervaded Why, the fable of national movement, and for the purpose of what was the result? reduced to a practical declaring their allegiance, separately and old was at once hero of old who pos- collectively, to one of the noblest principles reaUty. We read of a virtue of stamping which, in his judgment, could animate the sessed the mysterious and armed men sprang breast of man, or could rouse him to great upon the ground, England stamped on deeds, whether of sacrifice or exertion. He up under his foot. armed men have indeed was speaking of the love of their country. the ground, and her. (Loud cheers.) (Hear, hear.) I might speak to you (said sprung up around consider what are the the noble Lord) of great historical associa- Then we are led to ingredients of this great tions, of all those deeds of virtue, of sacrifice, true and real and what are the real and of energy, by which our ancestors have national enterprise, and safety. up that great and noble inheritance secrets of the national honour piled you may un- which we have received from them as a You may increase your navy— task of reconstructing sacred trust to be maintained and to be de- dertake the gigantic you are right in d.mig fended. I might speak to you of the con- the British navy, aaid have a large area of circum- stitution of tfis country, under which we so ; you may plant batteries on enjoy so large a sh.are of well-regulated vallation, ajid you may of your coast you may and continual prosperity. It is the every weak point ; liberty and you may m- noblest work man has ever effected, but if augment the artillery ; weiu'ht of their metai—but what we are to look upon it in a more humble but crease the hearts are wanting? in a more reasonable manner, as a blessing are these if JBritish prolonged cheering.) Where is from Heaven, it is—and it is with reverence (Loud and without these ? Crentlemen, I say it— the greatest blessing which God your power would be unprotected. has ever bestowed uoon any nation of this without these you be your fields without earth. (Clitirs.) Cast your eyes over the Of what use would without that great benefi- fair face of that nature which surrounds h"ht and heat— warm and rouse them you. Look at it teeming with crops, the cence—the .sun—to 29-4 )

LIN FIPESHIRE BIOGRAPHY. UN

to fertility ! Of no more use would be all lating the peo))le of France, to make timely your fortifications and appliances, if you precaution during a period of peace to pro- had not British hearts. Gentlemen, permit tect themselves against the possibility of me to say—in no language of flattery, in no invasion by England. It is a reinarkaMo terms of exaggeration, allow me to say to coincidence. Times are changed, circum- you, as the representatives of the whole stances are changed, parties are in ditferent volunteer movement of this country, that in jjositions, but the principle is engraven in you I see two great elements of a ^-eat the nature of the thing, and I address it to State, and the only certain secrets of national you with the most earnest recommendation safety and honour. Therefore 1 congratu- that you attend to it, and that you act by late you, and I congratulate the country, it. The passage is from King Henry V. :— on the position in which this movement now stands. It has removed a blot from the ' In cases of defence, 'tis best to weigh The enemy more miyhty than he seems. character of this country ; it has put an end It is most meet we arm us 'gainst the foe to those unm.anly and discreditable panics ; For peace should not so dull a kingdom of wliich you have heard. It has restored (Though war nor no known quarrel were in the British jjeople to a manly sense of self- question) dignity and of reliance for safety upon But that defences, musters, preparations. nothing but the energies of their own arms. Should be maintained, assemliled, and col- This has produced a profound sensation " As were a war in expectation.' throughout the world, and has added to the dignity of England, and her just and useful (The noble lord resumed his seat amid loud influence over the nations of the world. and prolonged cheering. Then there remains but one remark in con- LINDSAY, Lord Alexander William clusion. Persevere in and consolidate this Crawford, eldest son of the Earl of great movement. Remember that the evil Crawford and Balcarres, Premier Earl of against which you have to guard is a per- Scotland, was born in 1812. He was edu- manent and enduring danger. It is a cated at Trinity College, Cambridge, and danger arising from the altered condition his studies being terminated, he travelled in and circumstances of the world in general, Europe and the East. In 1838 he pub- ' and the position of this country in particu- lished ' Letters on Egypt, Edom, and the lar. Remember also that the treasure Holy Land ;" in 1841, " Letter to a Friend which you have to guard is the glorious on the Evidence and Theory of Chris- Constitution of this country, and the moral tianity," and "Sketches of the History of influence of this country in upholding all Christian Art in 1847." Lord Lindsay's that is valuable to man throughout the more recent productions have been confined world. It is, I trust, enduring, and your to family biography, the chief being " The efforts will be directed towards preserving Lives of the Lindsays," to which we have and maintaining it. (Cheers.) But, gentle- been greatly indebted f.jr our sketches of men, it is said that " we are now at peace, the Hon. Robert Lindsay and Lady Anne and why should we decorate ourselves with Bernard. Lord Liudsay, on the 2:5d of the panoply of war !" We are not at war, July 1846 married JIargaret, eldest daughter

undoubtedly ; but that is all you can say. of General James Lindsay, of Balcarrres, It suits the convenience or the poUcy of the subject of a preceding memoir, and has other countries at the present moment to extend to us a friendly hand, and to do so LINDSAY, Sir David, of the Mount,

with apparent cordiality ; but there is an a celebrated poet, moralist, and reformer, old saying— " Trust not the Greeks even descended from the noble family of Lord when "they bring you presents." Remem- Lindsay, of Byres, in Haddingtonshire, was ber, if yon wish to preserve peace an(> all born in 1490. His birth-place is supposed the blessings of peace, you can do it by no to have been his father's seat, called the other meansthan by showing at all times that JMount, near Cupar- Fife. He was educated you are adequately and sufficiently prepared at the University of St Andrews, wliich he for war. (Cheers.) This was repeated over entered in 150.5, and quitted in l.oOO. In

. and over again as the very basis of the 1512 he became an attendant on the infant

power, the safety, and the greatness of the Prince, afterwards James V. , and his duty Roman people. 1 could multiply to you seems to have been to take the personal references without end, but I would rather charge of him in his hours of recreation. express that sentiment to jou in the lan- He held this post till 1524, when be was guage of our great writer, Shakspeare, a dismissed on a pension through the intrigues man who seems to have been imbued by a of the four guardians to whose care the sort of inspuration from Heaven. He knew young king was committed in that year. all the secret springs of human conduct and In 1528 he produced his " Dreams," written the motive machinery of human actions. during his banishment from Court. In this It is remarkable that the words which I poem he exposes, with great truth and bold- shall ask the liberty of reading to you, and ness, the disorders in Church and State, with which I shall conclude my address, which had arisen from the licentious lives of were put by that great man in the mouth of the Romish clergy, and the usurpations of the son of a King of France, advising that the nobles. In the following year he pre- King, his father, and urging and stimu- sented his " Complavnt" to the King, in 295 JLIN FIFESHIEE BIOGRAPHY. LIN which he reminds his Majesty of his faithful little inferior to Dunbar andGawin Douglas, services in the days of his early youth. In The whole of his writings are in the Scottish 1530 James appointed him Lyon King-at- language, and his satirical powers and broad Arms, and conferred on him the honour of humour long rendered him an especial fa- Knighthood. In the " Complaynt of the vourite with the common people of Scotland, King's Papingo," Sir David's next produc- with whom many of his moral sayings tion, he makes the Royal Parrot sath-ise the passed inti> proverbs. The most accurate vices of the Popish clergy, in a style of such edition of his works is that pubhshed by Mr pungent humour as must have been most George Chalmers in 1806. galling to the parties against whom his in- LINDSAY, John, eighteenth Earl of vective is directed. He was, however, pro- Crawford, and fourth , a tected hy the King against their resentment. distinguished military commander, waa In 1531, the poet' was sent, with two other bom October 4, 1702, and succeeded his Ambassadors, to Antwerp, to renew an father in 1713. After studying at the ancient treaty of commerce with the Nether- Universities of Glasgow and Edinburgh, lands ; and on his return he married a lady and receiving, besides, instructions from a of the Douglas family. In 1535 he pro- private tutor, in his nineteenth year he duced before the King, at the Castlehill of went to Paris, and entered at the Academy Cupar, a drama, entitled " A Satyre of the of Vaudeiiil, where he continued for two Three Estatis." The same year, he and Sir years. His progress in learning was so John Campbell of Loudon were sent as rapid, and his acquirement of all the manly Ambassadors into Germanj', to treat of a and elegant accomplishments usual with marriage with some Princess of that country, young men of rank and fortune, so great, but James afterwards preferred a connection that his talents e.vcited general admiration. with France. In 1536 he wrote his answer In horsemanship, fencing, and dancing, to the " Kingis Flytin," and bis "Com- particularly, he surpassed aU competitors. plajmt of Basche, the King's Hound ;" and In 1723 he quitted the academy, and after in 1538, " The Supplication against Syde remaining some time at Paris, returned to Tallis," part of women's dress. On the Britain, one of the most accomplished death of Magdalene of France, two months gentlemen of the age. In December 1726 after her marriage with James V., Lindsay he obtained a Captain's commission in one composed his " Deploratioun of the Death of of the additional troops of the second Regi- Queen Magdalene." In 1538, on the ar- ment of Scots Greys, and on these troops rival in Scotland of Mary of Guise, James' being disbanded in 1730, he retired to the second consort, Sir David supei'intended a seatof his grand-aunt, the Duchess-Dowager variety of public pageants and spectacles for of Argyle, at Campbeltown, which had been the welcoming her Majesty at St Andrews, his home in his youth, where he remained In 1541 he produced " Kittie's Confession,'' for eighteen months. In January 1732 he written in ridicule of auricular confession. was appointed to the command of a troop of In 1542 King James died, and during the the Seventh, or Queen's own Regiment of succeeding Regency, the Romish clergy Dragoons. The same month he was elected obtained an act to have Lindsay's satirical one of the sixteen Representatives of the poems, against them and their corruptions, Scots Peerage in the room of the Earl of publicly burnt. In 1544, and the two suc- Loudon, deceased, and was thrice re-chosen ceeding years, he represented the town of afterwards. In June 1733 he was appointed Cupar-Fife in Parliament. In 154G was a Gentleman of the Bed-Chamber to the " Printed at London, Lindsay's Tragical Prince of Wales ; in February 1734 he ob- )eath of David Beatoun, Bishoppe of St tained the Captain-Lieutenancy of the first

Andrews, in Scotland ; whereunto is ioyned regiment of Foot Guards, and in October the Martyredom of Maister George Wys- foUbwing was nominated to a company of charte, for whose sake the aforesaid Bishoppe the third regiment of Foot Guards. Finding was not long after slayne." His pithy no chance at the time of distinguishing motto about the foulness of the deed, com- himself in the British service, and being bined with its desirableness, h.os been often desirous of acquiring military experience in quoted. In 1548 Sir David Lindsay was the field, his Lordship obtained the King's sent on a mission to Denmark to solicit the permission to go out as a volimteer to the aid of some ships to protect the coasts of Imperial army, the Emperor of Germany Scotland against the EngUsh, a request that lieing then at war with Fr.auce. He jnined was not granted, and to negotiate a free the Imperialists at Bruchsal, on the Rhine, trade in grain for the Scottish merchants, in 1735, and was received Ijy their com- which was readily conceded. In 1550 he mander, the celebrated Piince Eugene of published the most pleasing of his compo- Savoy, with every mark of distinction. sitions, " The History and "restameut of There being, however, no prospect of active Squire Meldrum ;" and in 1553 appeared duty in that quarter, with Lord Primrose his last and greatest work, "The Mo- and Captain Dalrymple, also volunteers, narchie." He is supposed to have spent his he proceeded to the army under latter years in domestic tranquillity on his Seckendorfi', by whom. October 17, 1735, paternal estate. The date of his death is they were sent on a reconnoitring excursion, unknown ; but Dr Irving places it in 1567. when, meeting with a party of the enemy, As a poet Sii' David Lindsay is esteemed three times their number, a skirmish ensued, LIN FIFESHIRE BIOGRAPHY. LIN

in which Count Nassau was killed and Lord in that situation till about eight o'clock next Primrose severely wounded, close beside morning, when he was discovered by one of Lord Crawford. The same afternoon was his own grooms, holding fast by the horse's fought the battle of Claussen, in which Lord mane with both hands, his head uncovered, Crawford highly distinguished himself by and his face deadly pale. He was carried his bravery and good conduct, and the re- into Belgrade, suffering the most excru- sult of which compelled the French to re- tiating ag(>ny. His wound wa.s at first pass the Woselle. The preliminaries of considtreil mortal, but though not imme- peace bein;:; eonchided the same month, tlie diately fat.al, he never recovered from its Barl quitted the Jmperial army, and after effects. He was removed from Belgrade, making the tour of the Netherlands, re- September 2G, to a vessel on the Danube, turned to Britain, where he remained in- in which he sailed to Comorra, where he active for two yeai-s. Anxious to be again arrived December 27, and there the prin- employed, he obtained the King's ]ierrais- cipal part of the bullet was extracted sion to serve as a volunteer in the Russian February 20. 1740. He left that place army, under Field-Marshal Munich, then April 28, and proceeded up the Danube to engaged with the Imperialists in a war Vienna, where he an-ived May 7, being all against the Turks. In April 1738 he em- the time in a recumbent posture, pieces of barked at Gravesend for St Petersburgh, the fractured bone continually coming away. and on his arrival there he was gratified He was able to walk on crutches for the witli a most land and gracious reception first time September 3, and on the 20th of from the Czarina, who conferred on him the that month he was removed to the baths of command of a regiment of horse, with the Baden, where he remained tiU August 11, rank of General in her service. In the be- 1741. Then proceeding by Presburg, ginning of May he left the Russian capital Vienna, Leipsie, and Hanover, he arrived For the army, and after a harrassing journey at Hamelen October 3, and had an inter- of more than a month, during which he was view with George II., who was there at exposed to imminent danger from the that time. He now departed for England, ^ enemy, he at length arrived at the camp of where, during his absence, he had not been

Mar.=ihal Munich, who received him with neglected ; for, in July 1739, he was made all the respect due to his rank and charac- Colonel of Horse and Adjutant-General; ter. The army having passed the Bog, on on October 25 of the same year, Colonel of its way to Bender, was three times attacked the 42d Highlanders, and December 2.5, by the Turks, who were as often repulsed. 1740, Colonel of the Grenadier Guards. In A fourth sanguinary battle took place May 1742 he went for relief to the Baths of July 26, when the Turk.s and Tartars were Bareges, in France, where he arrived June again defeated, and the Russians took post 12, and after frequent bathing, on July 12, the Dniester, July 27. In this last engage- three years after he had received his wound, ment Lord Crawford, who accompanied the he was able to walk about with one cruton Cossacks, excited their astonishment and and a high-heeled shoe. He left Bareges admiration by his dexterity in horseman- September 25, and after visiting the King ship ; and having sabred one of the Tartars, of Sardinia at Chambery, proceeded to whom he had engaged in personal combat, Geneva. Afterwards passing through Milan, he brought his arms with him to England Genoa, Modena, Verona, and Venice, he as a trophy of his jjrowess. Munich after- travelled by Trieste, Gratz, Lintz, and wards retreated to Kiow, when the Earl through Bohemia and Saxony, to Hochstet, left him to join the Imperialists near Bel- where he joined the British army, of which grade, with whom he continued for sue Field-Marshal the was com- weeks. On the Imperial army going into mander, May 24, 1743, George II. being winter quarters, his Lordship proceeded also there at the time. At the battle of with Prince Eugene's regiment to Comorra, Dettingen, fought June 16, the Earl of 3.3 miles from Presburg, where, and at Cravrford commanded the brigade of Life "Vienna, he remained till the middle of April Guards, and behaved with his usual cool- 1739, occupying his leisure with drawing and intrepidity. After encouraging plans, and writing observations on the len by a short speech, he led them to Russian campaign. He then joined the the charge, the trumpets at the time playing Imperiahsts under Marshal Wallis, at the animating strain of "Britons, strike Peterwaradin, and was present at the battle home." At the beginning of the battle his of Krotzka, near Belgrade, fought July 22, Lordship had a narrow escape, a musket 1739, when he had his favourite black horse ball having struck his right holster, pene- shot under him, and while in the act of trated the leather, and hitting the barrel of mounting a fresh horse, he received a severe the pistol it contained, fell into the case wound in the left thigh by a musket ball, without doing him any injury. The Earl which shattered the bones and threw him showed the ball to King George next day at to the ground. General Count Luchesie, Hanau, where his Majesty, on seeing him observing his Lordship lying as it dead, approach, exclaimed— '* Here comes my ordered some grenadiers to attend to him. champion !" Having been promoted to the They accordingly lifted him up, and placed rank of Brigadier-General, his Lordship him on horseback, but were compelled to joined the combined armies in camp near leave him in that condition. He remained Brussels, in the beginning of May 1744. NO. XXXVIII. 297 ;

LIN FIFESHIRE BIOGRAPHY. LIV

is to be relied upon when cor- At the battle of Fontenoy, April 30, 1745, testimony only correct the Earl behaved with great gallantry and roborated by other authorities. A " Scotland" was judgment, and conducted the retreat in ad- edition of the Chronicles of John Graham mirable order. Of this battle he wrote a published in 1814, by Mr very interesting memoir, described by Dalyell, in 2 vols. 8vo. Sir John, a gallant naval General Andreossi " aa essential to the his- LINDSAY, descended from an ancient family in tory of that war." The Earl was made officer, Having en- Major-Genera! May 30 following. On the Scotland, was bom in 1737. young, about 1756, he breaking out of the insurrection jn Scotland, tered the navy very Commander of the Pluto his Lordship was ordered home, to take the was appointed the ensuing ye.ar, formed command of the corps of 6000 Hessia-ns, fireship, which, in squadron, on employed by Government in that service. part of Sir Edward Hawke's expedition against Roche- With these troops he secured the towns of the unsuccessful 1762 he accompanied the fleet Stirling and Perth, with the Passes into fort. In the Havannah, low country, while the Duke of Cumber- under Sir George Pococke to the Cambridge hav- land proceeded north after the Highlanders. and the Commander of the killed in the course of the expedi- On this visit to his native country the Earl ing been th.-it ship by the formed the acquaintance of Lady Jane tion, he was promoted to return to England he Murray, eldest daughter of the Duke of Admiral. On his Knighthood. In Athole, whom he married at Belford, in received the honour of appointed Commodore of a England, March 3, 1747. When the Rising 1769 he was for and during was suppressed, his Lordship rejoined the small fleet destined India, in he was created a army in the Netherlands, and at the his absence, 1771, Bath. In 1778 he was pro- battle of Rocoux, October 1, 17413, he com- Knight of the and soon after to the manded the second line of cavalry, which moted to the Victory, which he commanded in drove back the French infantry with great Prince George, with the French fleet off slaughtCT. In 1743 he had been made the engagement nominated Rear-Admiral Colonel of the 4th or Scottish troop of Ushant. He was September 24, 1787 ; and died Horse Guards, and on its being disbanded of the Red, Marlborough, on his road to Bath, in 1746, the command of the 25th foot was at oiven to him December 25 of that year. He June 4, 1788. AND NEWBURGH, got the command of the Scots Greys on the LIVINGSTON of. Sir John Livingston of death of the Earl of Stair, May 22, 1747, The Familj — from Robert, second and September 26 following, attained the Kinnaird, descended Sir John Livingston of Calandar, rank of Lieutenant-GeneraL At the con- son of Earls of Linlithgow, had clusion of the campaign he went to Aix-la- ancestor of the Kinnaird, county Chapelle, for the benefit of the baths. His charters of the Barony of created a Baronet wound again breaking out, occasioned him of Fife, in 1616, and was died the following year, much suffering, and while confined to his in 1627. Sir John succeeded by his son. Sir James, bed, his Countess was seized with a violent and was Gentlemen of the Bedchamber to fever, of which she died, after four days' one of the II., was elevated to the Peerage illness, October 10, 1747, seven mon" Charles who Scotland as Viscount Newbargh, 13th after her marriage, and before she had com- of 1647. His Lordship retired to pleted her twentieth year. At the opening September during the Usurpation, and re- of the campaign of 1748, the Earl joined the Hague with his royal master at the Restora- the Duke of Cumberland and the confede- turned he was appointed Captain of his rate army, with whom he remained till the tion, when that year. He Majesty's body-guard, and advanced to an conclusion of the peace in _ by the titles commanded the embarkation of the British Earldom, 31st December 1660, Viscount Kinnaird, troops at WilUamstadt, February 16, 1749, of , Flacraig, with re- and then returned to London, where, after and Baron Livingstone of his heirs general whatsoever. He suffering the most excrutiating tortures mainder to 26th December 1670, an from his wound, he died, December 25, left, at his decease, son, his successor, Charles, 1749, in the forty-eighth year of his age. In only surviving man-ied Frances, daughter 1769 his " Memoirs" were published at second Eari, who George, London, compiled from his own papers and of Francis, Lord Brudenell, son of Cardigan, which lady married, other authentic documents. Having no Earl of Richard, Lord Bellew, of Ireland issue, the Earldoms of Crawford and Lind- secondly, was succeeded in the sav devolved on George Viscount Gamock. and dying in 1694, first Baronet and LINDSAY, Robert, of Pitscottie, the Earldom, &c. (the by his only daughter, compiler of the curious work entitled " The Baronetcy expiring), Countess of Newburgh. Chronicles of Scotland," was bom about Charlotte Maria, married, first, the Hon. the beginning of the sixteenth century. Her Ladyship eldest son of Hugh, Lord Beyond"the fact that he was a Cadet of the Thomas Clifford, she had noble family of Lindsay, nothing else has Clifford of Chudleigh, by whom Countess married, been recorded of his personal history. His two daughters. The "Chronicles" include the period between secondly, the Hon. Charies Radcliffe, third KadcUffe (by Mary 1436 and 1565, and are rem.-vrkable for the son of Francis, Lord Charles II.), prosing simplicity of the style, and the un- Tudor, natural daughter of Earl of Derwent- common credulity of the author, whose and brother of James, 298 , ;

FIFESHTRE BIOGRAPHY. LOW

water. Both the Radcliffes engaging in the BancUni, of Lanciano and Rustano, in the rising of 1715, the Earl was executed, 24th States of the Church, died 1850, by whom she has issue, Si^ismund, Viscount Kinnaird, while Charles, and other children. Her Ladyship was natu- taken prisoner at Preston, 14th November ralized by Act of Parliament in 1857, and 1715, found guilty of high treason, 18th had the titles (which were dormant since May 1716, and condemned, effected his the death, in 1853, of Dorothy, Countess of escape out of Newgate, 11th December fol- Newburgh, the last descendant of Charlotte lowing, and retired into France. On the Maria, Countess of Newburgh, by her mar- death of his nephew, John, Lord RadcUffe, riage in 1724 with the Hon. Charles Rad- in December 1731, Mr RadcUffe assumed cUffe) adjudged to her by the House of the title of Derweutwater. Adhering still Lords in 1858. to the fortunes of the House of Stuart, he LOW, the Right Rev. David, D.D., embarked with his son, to join the Chevalier, LL.D., Bishop of Moray, Ross, and Ar- in 1745, and was taken prisoner on board gyU. This venerable Prelate was born the Esperance, privateer, by the Sheemess, at Brechin in the month of November 1768, man-of-war, when he was immediately com- of respectable but not wealthy parents, mitted to the Tower of London, and be- who were both related, however, to the headed, under the former sentence, on family of Allardice of AUardice, in Kincar- Tower HUl, 8th December 1746. The dineshire. For liis station his father had Countess of Newburgh had, by this faithful earned a competency, which his son the but unfortunate personage, several children. Bishop inherited, and which was cultivated She died in 1755, and was succeeded by as a nursery not far from the present Epis- James Bartholomew Radclifle, her eldest copal Chapel in Brechin. The Bishop yearly son, as fourth Earl, who claimed the re- coUected the rents, and amusing little anec- version of the Derweutwater estates ; but dotes are remembered as to the minute the claim appears to have been relinquished, business manner in which he surveyed his for his Lordship seems to have acquiesced gardens, and their pecuniary produce. in an Act of Parliament passed in 1749, David appears to have been one of four settling those estates upon Greenwich Hos- children, no other of whom, excepting a pital, but allotting thirty thousand pounds married sister, attained any great age. He therefrom to himself and his sisters. This had entered on his eighty-seventh year, and nobleman, who was born at Yincennes in although younger than the marveUous old 1725, married in 1749, Barbara, only man of Magdalene College— the late Dr daughterandheiress of Anthony Kemp, Esq. Routh, who was a great friend to the of Hendon, Sussex, and granddaughter, Scottish Episcopal Church—he had been maternally, of Henry, fifth Viscount Mon- longer in holy orders, having been ordained tagu ; and dymg 2d January 1786, was a Deacon (owing to the circumstances of the succeeded by his only son, Anthony James, Church) when only nineteen years old, so fifth EarL This nobleman married, in far back as 1787. Ho was educated at 1719. Anne, daughter of Joseph Webb, Marischal College, Aberdeen, and after-

Esq. , and niece of Sir Thomas Webb, Bart. wards under Bishop Gleig, at Stirling, and by whom he had no issue. Lord Newburgh settled as pastor at Pittenweem 1790 ; the having presented a petition to Parliament, duties of which he discharged for sixty-six leave was given, 3d June 1788, to bring in a years. He was consecrated Bishop of the bill for granting him £2500 per annum, com- united Dioceses of Ross and ArgyU in 1819 mencing from March 1787. The Earl died and at the demise of the saintly Bishop 29th November 1814, when the honoui-s JoUy in 1838, the See of Moray was added devolved upon his first-cousin, Francis to his Episcopal jurisdiction, and his official Eyre, Esq., as sixth Earl. His Lordship, title became Bishop of Moray, Ross, ArgyU, who was born 10th February ] 762, married, and the Isles. In the year 1847 he effected 29th August 1787, Dorothy, daughter and the separation of ArgyU and the Isles, and co-heir of John Gladwin, by whom he left its erection into a separate see by his own issue. His Lordship died 23d October 1827, endowment, amounting to £8000 ; and find- and was succeeded by hLs elder son, Thomas, ing that the clergyman whom he earnestly seventh Earl, who was born 21st October wished to appoint to the first Episcopate, 1790, and married, 14th November 1817, was elected by the Presbyters, and their Margaret, third daughter of the Marquess of choice confirmed by the CoUege of Bishops, Ailsa, but died, without issue, 22d May 1833, Bishop Low had the satisfaction of taking when the honours devolved on his brother, part in the consecration of the Rev. Alex- Francis Eyre, as eighth Earl. Yiscount ander Ewing, formerly Presbyter at Forres, Newburgh, Viscount Kinnaird, and Baron to the newly divided diocese, at Aberdeen Livingston of Fkcraig, bom 7th July 1794, on the 21st November 1847. The reUef succeeded his brother in 1833. arising from the surrender of a portion of LIVINGSTON AND NEWBURGH, his charge was not sufficient to compensate Maria Cecilia Giustiniani, Countess of for the increasing infirmities of advancing Newburgh, Viscountess Kinnaird, and age. He continued, however, for a few

Baroness Livingstone of Flacraig ; Princess years longer to retain his charge. At

Giustiniani in the States of the Church ; born length, on the 19th December 1850, he

1796 ; married 1815 Charles, fourth Marquess defit-itely resigned his diocesan authority. —

LOW FIFESHIRE BIOGRAPHY. LOW and the Key. Robert Eden, Rector of Leigh, and brought up in a district pre-eminently Essex, and Rural Dean, was elected by the devoted to the cause of the Stuarts, almost presbyters of the diocese to be Bishop of under the shadow of Edzell Castle, the Moray and Ross, in the room of Bishop ancient stronghold of the Lindsays, and Low, and the election being confirmed by the having lived much from time to time in his College of Bishops, Bishop Eden was con- early years, in the Western Highlands, Becrated at St Paul's, Edinburgh, on the among the Stuarts of Balachulsh and Appin, 9th day of March 1851, by the Primus, he had enjoyed famiUar intercourse with William Skinner, assisted by the Bishops the veterans of 1715 and 1745, and detailed of Edinburgh, Argyll, and Glasgow. As a the minutest events and adventures of those pubUo man, Bishop Low took a deep La- times with a freshness and a graphic force terest and a frequent and active share in which afforded infinite dehght to his younger promoting the great movements afFectuig auditors. To sit for an evening with Bishop the Episcopal Church of Scotland. Standing Low and encourage him to talk of old times forward in his public capacity as an avowed was sure to be productive of high enjoy- adherent and uncompromising advocate of ment. We felt that we lived a hundred that ecclesiastical order and church govern- years back, among people of a stamp en- ment, of which he was a chief ruler, henever- tu'ely different from our actual contempo- thelesa proved himself to be the friend of raries. Men who had fought at Sheriff- all good men, and deeply interested in the muir came before us in their fidl natural welfare of every branch of the holy CathoUc lineaments, originally gallant and aspiring, Church of Christ. With the Bishops and but now soured by disappointment—like a Clergy of his own Church, as well as those generous wine that had been kept too long. in the ministry of the Establishment, and Foiled by Whiggery in all the essential clergymen in other denominations of Chris- points, r ' - tians, he lived in terms of frank and cordial against 1 intercourse ; assuming no authority over fancy which cannot be so easily found trea- the humblest, offering no slight to the sonable. There were troops of Fife lairds, feeblest, and rejoicing to assist all, as far as who, meeting at some favourite tavern, over lay in his jiower. Perhaps the most re- a newly imported butt of claret did not markable feature of the Bishop's beneficence part tiU they had dra.nk the same dry. was the extraordinary munificence of his There were broken down Forty-five men, pecuniary donations, as contrasted with the obliged in their old age to live, in a great scantiness of his means. With a small measure, by their wits. More striking patrimony and a professional income, never, figures stUl started up in the Wilds of we believe, amounting to £250 per annum, Appin—gaunt old Highlanders that had and for many years much less, his hand was cloven the heads of the British infantry at ever ready to render liberal assistance to Prestonpans, and still dreamed of the every church object. When he took the Prince coming back some day in all the charge at Pittenweera, we understand that graces of a never-faiUng youth, to set all to his annual stipend was about £40. Before rights that had been so long wrong. Our he came to the East Neuk, he was one year venerable friend knew well the proud over the old nonjuriug congregation at Ogilvy, by whose shoulder-belt the Prince Perth, where he got the same recompense. held as he marched by night over Shap- Besides his annual and smaller contributions fell, fast asleep. He was intimate with a to various schemes, he devoted, as already Scotch Episcopalian minister, who was so mentioned, £8000 to the endowment -of the pressed by the harsh laws imposed upon his Bishopric of Argyll, presented donations to Church, that a child, which was to be bap- the Church Society and Trinity College, tized by him, had to be smuggled into lus amounting to nearly £1000, and £1000 house in a fish-wife's creel. He knew respectively, To St John's Chapel, Pitten- Colqahoun Grant, W.S., Edinburgh, who, weem, £1200, and as one of the latest acts in his youth, pursued a couple of English of his life, settled bis residence of the Priory, dragoons from Preston aU the way to the with some acres of ground attached, upon Castle of Edinburgh, where, finding them the incumbency of Pittenweem. As a taken in and protected, he left, quiveiing l")rivate individual, the Bishop was one of in the wooden gate that dirk with which he the most amiable of men—he was also one was prepared to despatch them had they of the most interesting relics of the older made resistance. The Bishop's congrega- days of Scottish character and man- tion included the Erskines of Kelhe, children ners. His appearance was most striking of the Earl who figured in the affair of 1745. thin—attenuated, but active—his eyes Also the Lindsays of Balcarres, whose sparkling with intelligence—his whole ap- father, the Earl of Balcarres had fought for pearance that of a venerable French Abbe the old Chevaher in 1715. Another of his of the old regime. His mind was eminently flock was Sir John Sinclair of Longformacus, buoyant and youthful, and his memory was residing at Carnbee, who gave him many a fount of the most interesting historical anecdotes of the cavaUer notables of an information, especially in connection with earlier day, particularly one regarding an the Jacobite and Chevalier party, to wliich ancient Aberdeen Highlander, who canae he adhered from early association and strong to the Highland army at Perth in 1517, political and religious predUectiou. Born accomp,anied by his two sons, professing not 300 LOW FIFESHIRE BIOGRAPHY. LOW to be able to do much himself, but if his treatment, and when Pitcalnie sons didn't do their duty, can 1 no slieet part, he asked him to stc them ? said he, showing a large horse pistol went ' ben the house.' ' I just remem-

' in his belt ; and another, no less remarkable, bered,' said he on returning, that a httle . respecting a Highlander of Montrose's wars, money had been left in a desk there, and whom, strange to say. Sir John Sinclair here it is, very much at your service." had seen—and conversed with, who used to Pitcalnie appeared exultingly before his in- remark ' It was a braw day Kilsyth ; at credulous friend, and explained how the every stroke of my broad sword I cut an miracle had been achieved. ' Stay a wee,' ' ell o' breeks,' alluding to the Lowland attire said he, this is forty out of Gladsmuir : of the mihtia, whom Montrose cut up so I've Fa'kirk i' my pouch yet— I wudna gie unmercifully on that occasion. The Bishop it for auchty !' The Earl of Stair had a himself, while spending some of his youthful Jacobite servant, whose misfortune it was d.ays in the West Highlands, with a Mr one morning to report that a favourite horse Stuart of Balahulish, was told by him that of his master's was found banged in the not long before he had a servant of a style stable, at Newliston. His Lordship having of character, and with habits and feelings expressed great surprise as to how the horse which may be said to take us fairly back could have hanged himself, and not without into the middle ages. Led by a grateful implying some suspicion of carelessness on sense of this man's long and faithful ser- John's part,— that worthy at last ventured vices, Mr Stuart had gone to his bed side, to remark ' It was strange, my Lord ; and and given him the assurance, that when the puir brute had naething to dae either he died he should have honourable burial wi' the Revolution or the massacre o' in the churchyard of Glenorchy, among Glencoe.' The shifts and stratagems were Mr Stuart's own children, *Your bairns,' numerous by which lairds and others of a said the expiring Celt, ' were never com- Jacobite tendency had to conceal their pany for me, dead or alive. But I'U tell opinions from the officers of the crown. you what to do with me. When the breath Oliphant of Gask, for instance, had the is out of my body, take my sword and break favourite toast, • The King' and ' The

my back ; then lay me across a beast and Restoration, ' both of them excusable as re- carry me to the graves of my forefathers. ferring to legitimate objects, yet pronounced There lay me with my face to the scoundrels in such a significant manner as to leave no

the Gamerons, and put my claymore by my doubt that he meant ' J ames, ' not ' George,' side.' So saymg, he expired. With that and referred to a potential, not a past resto- intense desire for the humorous which ration. One day when an ofBcer of the marked his character, tlie worthy Bishop army was dining with him, he felt somehow

seemed to have c^dlected every curious fact rather nervous about giving the latter toast j that had cume in his way, and though we so after the ' King' had been given and ac- cannot follow him in this general Une, yet cepted by the two, in their respective sense,

there are a few Jacobite anecdotes and he propounded, ' The King ar/ain, sir; ye pleasantries, which bear such a smack of the can have nae objections to that.' A party of old world about them, that they almost be- Enghsh troops being stationed at Peterhead, come historical, and may be thought entitled under the command of a young cornet, to some notice. Of such a character was and he having received some civilities from his account of a certain Ross of Pitcahiie, the inhabitants, resolved to give a party in

a broken-down Jacobite laird, who was return ; and, in spite of the remonstrances very desirous of raising a little money, of some Whig friends, he resolved to include which, in the state of his credit, was no easy in the invitation Bishop Dunbar. The matter. He told a friend that he thought worthy Bishop tried to excuse himself on that- he should get it from Colquhoun Grant, the ground of age and infirmities, and be- before mentioned, although he bore no cause there might be political toasts given, great character for Uberality. The friend, in which he could not join, but the cornet of course, was incredulous, but Pitcalnie triumphed over every scruple. After din- jiroceeded to make the attempt. Mr Grant, ner, ' The Xing' being given as a toast, on being asked for the loan of £40, pleaded Bishop Dunbar quietly qualified the noun that he should have been happy to obhge by adding the word ' rightful.' ' How sir !' ' his old friend, but, unfortunately, the whole cried the young officer, our rightful King ! of bis money was locked up in investments By Jove, that is not King George !' ' Very ' and banks, in such a way as that he had no well,' said the Bishop ; you see, gentlemen, spare funds. Ross appeared to accept the our landloril is of opinion that King George excuse, and proceeded to draw the conversa- is not our rightful sovereign, and certainly tion to the affair of 1745, in which both he I have no wish to dispute it.' The resolu- and Grant had borne arms. He dwelt par- tion adopted, with the good will of the ma- ticularly on the prowess which Grant had jority in most congregations, after the death shown at Gladsmuir (the battle of Preston), of Prince Charles, to introduce the prayers attributmg to him the whole merit of the for the reigning family, left a minority of victory, inasmuch as he had captured the the old-fashioned people in extreme, though cannon of Sir John Cope, on which every- helpless, indignation. All they could do was thing depended. The astute north country to keep shuttling their feet, and blowing writerwaxed quite warm under this judicious their noses, whilst these prayers were said. LOW FIFESHIRE BIOGRAPHY. LOW

Old Oliphant of Gask, kept at home by any. ' No,' says Paterson, ' but T think I gout, on hearing of the backsliding of a could bring you a few grey-beards that particular clergyman, who used to come would hold a great deal ; perhaps that would and minister privately at Gask, and was do.' The lady assented, and appointed a hospitably entertained there, sent him the d.ay in which he should come again and old surplice and gown which he used to keep bring his grey-beards with him. On the in the house for those purposes, with a proper-day Mr Paterson made hia appear- pointed request that he would never attempt ance in Mrs Belfour's little pariour. ' Well, to show his face there again. It happened Mr Paterson, have you brought your grey- that George the Third took his unfortunate beards ?— ' Oh, yes ; they're down stairs illness soon after the Jacobites commenced waiting for you.' How many ?' * Nae less

' ' praying for him : Ye see what ye've done,' than ten.' Well, I hope they're pretty ' said an old stickler to his clergyman ; the large, for I really find I have a good deal !'— honest man has never had a day to do weel more ale than 1 have bottles for ' I'se since ever ye took him by the hand.' warrant ye, mem, ilk ane o' them will hand

The good old Bishop had a wallet of such twa gallons. ' 'Oh, that will do extremely Btories. He knew his countrymen in their weU.' Down goes the lady. 'I left them broadest humours and quaintest aspects, in the dining-room,' said Paterson. When and in that particular period too, of transi- the lady went in, she found ten of the most tion from clan life to civilization which Sir bibulous lau-ds in the north of Fife. She Walter Scott delighted to delineate. These at once perceived the joke, and entered men of a past generation Bishop Low loved heartily into it. After a good hearty laugh to talk of, to his church wardens and friends, had gone round, she said she thought it after dinner. Some more of these stories would be as well to have dinner before filling we present to our readers, and among othi the grey-beards ; and it was accordingly arranged that the gentlemen should take s ramble, and come in to dinner at two fore us. Mr Hamilton was visiting at o'clock. The extra ale is understood to the house of a friend, whose wife was rather notorious for her extreme economy. The first day there was a pigeon pie for dinner, abundant and curious which was but shghtly partaken of. The store—comparatively few are preserved ; second day it appeared at breakfast, dinner, some of them, however, of which the fore- and supper, and on the third day also ; but going are a specimen, have been collected on the remainder, now reduced to very and are embodied in Mr ConoUy's " Life of small proportions, appearing the fourth day Bishop Low"—but those Scottish stories at breakfast, Robbie could stand it no longer, form the least of the good Bishop's claims to but exclaimed on seeing it, much to the regret and remembrance —a most kind and

' amusement of the guests, Hech, sirs ! that noble heart gave a charm to his daily inter- pie mak's nie an auld man.' It is also re- course inexpressible by words, while the lated of Robbie, that, hearing some thieves devotion of his every thought to the cause rummaging in his drawers—in the middle of of religion, and the especial interests of the the night, he said quietly ' Hand ye busy, Episcopal Church of Scotland, gave a con- lads ! baud ye busy ! an' if ye find ony siller sistent dignity, amounting to grandeur, to there i' the dark, it's mair than I can do in his whole life and conversation. His per- daylight.' On another occasion, all other sonal habits were of the most simple and resources being exhausted, he had a com- austere description—denying himself' in pany assembled to purchase the trees around order that he might have it iu his power to his house, and, as usual on similar circum- r/ive to others. He was most regular and stances, it was hinted to him that it would be l)Unctual in all his customs and duties, as well to produce a bottle or two of braudy, which were seldom diversified day by day. to inspire competition. ' Lord have a care He was an early riser, getting up in winter o' your daft heads,' exclaimed the poor laird, as soon as he could see, and iu summer if I had two or three bottles o' brandy, d'ye about half-past six. He dre.ssed quickly, think that I wud sell my trees?' Of a took a turn up and down the avenue for different stamp, partaking more of the half-an-hour before breakfast. He then humorous than the witty, was a legend re- waited about the grounds eagerly for the garding a Mrs Balfour of Denbog, in Fife, post dehvery. After this, about half-past who flourished about 1770. The nearest ten, he returned to his dining-room and neighbour of Denbog was a Mr David read the psalms and lessons for the day out Paterson, who had the character of being a of a foUo bible (the gift of an old lady good deal of a humorist. One day when friend), which lay on a side table beside a Paterson called, he found Mrs Balfour en- quantity of shps of writing paper. He gaged in one of her half-yearly brewings, it answered about twelve o'clock any cor- being the custom in those days, each March respondence, and then either walked to and October, to make as much ale as would Anstrutber on some household errand, serve for the ensuing six months. She was visited some of the country or village mem- in a great bother about bottles, her stock bers of the congregation, or amused himself of which fell short of the number required, with the Dutch hoe in the garden. The and asked Mr Paterson if he could lend her Bishop wore and used officially a small gold LOW FIFESHIRE BIOGRAPHY. LOW

finger ring, which was found among the carried to Scotland by some of the disciples

ruins of the Cathedral, at Fortrose, having of the Apostle St John. ' But still we have no a niche cut in the stone. It is left in the certain information. It is only matter of custody of the Incumbents of Pittenweem. inference ; and when we come yet farther There is also a painting of the Crucifixion, down it is still much the same. Irenieus, on oak panel, in the Priory, which the Bishop of Lyons in France, who wrote early Bishop got as a gift from Bishop Luscombe. in the second century, mentions the exist- cabinet is richly carved, discovered of churches The oak ence among the Celtic nations ; about the cellars of the Priory in 1829, and and Tertulliau, about a.d. 200, asks, 'For which used to adorn the Bishop's librivry, in whom else have all nations believed, but was given by him in 1S54 to the Scottish in Christ, who is alrea

Aberdeen gray granite, over his grave, near ject to Christ ; by which ]iarts were most the chapel, in the ground recently conse- probably meant the mountainous seclusions crated by himself. The stone, which bears of Wales and Scotland. StiU, only conjec- the mitre and —other emblems of office, is ture. But, a hundred years later, we meet inscribed thus : ' Hec sepultus est D.1.V1D with conclusive proof that the Christian Low, Morav. El Ergal. Episc. Natus 1768, faith was professed in Britain. The names obijl 1855.' And within the chapel there of British Bishops are found among those is placed a tablet of Sicilian—marble bearing who were present at the Council of Aries in the following inscription : ' Sacred to the France. And the Dioclesian persecution, memory of the Eight Rev. David Low, in A.D. 303, drove majiy of the Christians D.D., LL.D., for 66 years Pastor of this to Scotland and to the island of lona, Congreg.ation. Born in 1768. Ordained in where they built a church called the Church 1787. Consecrated Bishop of Ross, Argyll, of our Saviour. But we are not inclined to ar.d the Isles, 1819. Died 26 January 1835. allow so remote an antiquity for the Priory Simple but dignified in manners. Self- of Pittenweem, and that for a very sufficient denying in habit. Liberal in benefactions. reason. Being a place where monks lived, Earnest in principle. Devout in spirit. of course it could not be built before such The memory of the just is blessed.' The an order of men arose. Now, that did not name of Bishop Low is so inseparably con- occur till the fourth century. True, many nected with his residence, ' The Priory of had been in the practice of living alone be- Pittenweem,' that we think we cannot do fore that time. We meet with such in the better than give an historical account of second century. They generally retired to the Priory as far as we can, as a deserts and such soUtary places. But it sequence to the life of the worthy Bishop. was one Anthony who, in the year 305, col- No records that we have inform us when lected them into an associated community the Priory was founded, nor by whom. But in Egypt, and regulated their mode of living we can point to a time when no Priory was by fi.\-ed rules. Monkery then had its birth there. Before Christianity was introduced in the East ; but it was not long in ap- into this country it would be vain to look pearing in the West also. Monasteries for any such building. History leaves us were founded in Italy. Martin, Bishop of in uncertainty. We search the records, but Tours, in France, first established a monas- can come to no sure conclusion. Here are tery at Poictiers ; and from thence and some of the things we gather :—It tells us thereafter, this way of life gradually ex- that the Romans conquered a part of this tended over the other countries of Europe. island, and that ' the British Prince Carac- We may then agree to this—that it could tacus, and his father Bran, were sent to not be built before the fifth century. But Rome in the year 51, and stayed there as hos- in a number of the East of Fife Record, tages seven years.' We know that St Paul, there was given an extract from a note ap- the apostle, was sent to Rome, according to pended to one of Sir W. Scott's poems—his the Church historian, Eusebius, in the second Glenfinlas—wherein it was stated that ' ac- year of Nero, that is a.d. 56, and he stayed cording to Camerarius, St FUlan was an there, according to St Luke, two years. Abbot of Pittenweem in Fife ; from which Now, it is said in the Welch ' trials' that situation he retired and died a hermit in the Bran was the first who brought the Chris- wilds of Gleuurchy, A.D. 649,' We seem tian faith to the Cymri or Welch. He had, now to have got on stable ground ; and yet therefore, in all probability, received it it may not be very firm. We spoke of the from St Paul at Rome. It is said, too, that Dioclesian persecution in 303; and how Bran brought back with him three Christian Christians were driven to the island of lona. teachers, lUtid, an Israehte ; Cyndaf, and And 262 years later, or a.d. 565, Columba

Arwystli, which is Welch for Axistobulus ; with bis companions sailed from Ireland to whom St Paul sends salutation (Rom. 16, and landed in lona, where they found the 10). Again, we are told that * in the year Christian Culdees and also some Druids. 81 occurred the Domitian persecution, dur- Well, in that Dioclesian persecution why which Christianity appears to have been may not some fugitive Christians have LOW FIFESHIRE BIOGRAPHY. LOW

come to Fife ? It is a known fact that to its founding, but to its history also. The Christianity was early introduced, and Fife Priory of Pittenweem may have been small was famous for her Culdees. And although at first, but it grew in size, and reached its we do not indeed claim so remote an age for ultimate extent by gradual additions from the introduction of the Christian faith, yet, time to time. The monks deserve all credit tradition hints that a monk took up his for their selection of a locality. Indeed, it residence at Pittenweem in a far off and is generally admitted they had good eyes in long by gone time. Whether this was St that respect. The situation is admirable. Fillau himself, or somebody soon before But to see how suitable it is, one has to him, it has not retained the memory thereof. suppose the present town swept away, and But this is the story :—A boat containing nothing remaining save the original shores three persons—two oarsmen and a third and braes. The coast does not proceed in was seen coming across the Firth. It was a straight line, but has many bendinga ; evidentlycomingtowards Pittenweem. This and the most sheltered bend would be the may have been an unusual thing in those one most suited, provided it had the best days—more than 1200 years ago—though outlook. The coast rises from the shore now it would excite no surprise. The in- almost abruptly, but may not have done so habitants of the quarter, few in number, in former days. It is evident that the sea is turned out to see— as they used to do in St making encroachments, and hence it may be Monance even in our own memory, \ concluded that it was further out in olden any strange appearance hove in sight in times. But what could chiefly induce the * their streets, and when the cry ran. monks to erect their monkery in that par- Meg, luk—what's that? wha'sawm?' And ticular spot would be the cu-cumstance that so, when the boat reached the beach, the there was a cave there. And, besides, as inhabitants of course gathered round, and we know that where this mode of living inquired at one another ' What's that ? originated—in Egypt, as was said—they wha's aw'm !' till one of the oarsmen ex- were in the habit of abiding in caves —places plained the matter by saying, ' We put in which they found ready made to their wi' 'im—meaning that the monk had or- hands—and whereby they were saved the dered them to land him there. of And labour erecting dwellings : so the cave so the crowd repeated, 'Put in wi' 'im at Pittenweem may have served for the —put in wi' 'im ;' and hence, we have monks' abode for a time. How long this heard it said, that the place got its name, would be the case one cannot tell. But the Pittemoeem. In the Town Hall, above the Priory was begun to be built, and in its best fireplace, there is painted a boat with two d.ays must have '" been of no small extent. rowers, and an abbot standing in the mic' We can judge from the ground which and the same parties are represented on the reaches from what is called the Abbey wall Town's Seal of Office, and on the stone pillar in the east to the buildings yet remaining of the old Market Cross. It is well known on the west, and from the shore on the that there is a cave at Pittenweem—one of south, to St Mary's Street on the north, natural formation, and by no means small and have some idea of the extent of ground in size. It is known, too, that cave would enclosed for the Priory. Of course we need be csWed-weem, in Saxon times ; and further not beheve that aU the land was occupied up the Firth there is a place califd Wemyss, with building, though they were extensive, doubtless from of district. for the caves the So their gardens were there also ; and they far as we know, there is just one cave at had lands in other quarters. There is a Pittenweem ; and the late Professor Ten- wynd called the Lady Wynd, which runs nant used to say that, likely enough, the opposite the old chapel that used to stand the town got its name from the cave or on the south side of St Mary's Street, called vieem. It was the petty weem—the small the Chapel of our Lady, but which was cave—corrupted into Pittenweem. But taken down some years ago in order that while we have no doubt that the cave or the chui-chyard dyke nughtbe straightened, weem has some connection with the name, and a footpath formed. The remains of the we think the meaning and origin of the Priory that still exist are not of a great JPitten have been missed. Other places extent—consisting of two houses (one of have names beginning in the same way ; them styled the Priory, and in which the and surely the meaniu» in all cases would Scottish Episcopal clergyman resides), and be the same. A short time ago, an entrance some other buildings. The late Bishp Low with a flight of steps leading down to a purchased the Priory and grounds from the square door was the mouth of the ' cove,' proprietor of Elie House, and left them to the was discovered about the centre of the gar- Incumbent of St John's Episcopal Chapel, den before the Bishop's old house, now the who thus enjoys what once the Roman Catho- Parsonage. Pieces of encaustic tiles were clergymen possessed. The pecuUarities also dug up, which constituted the pave- of the monkish life of the earliest period con- ment of some parts of the Priory. We have sisted in solitariness, manual labour, spiritual not settled when it was built ; and unless exercises, restraint of the bodily appetites we had access to documents in the Vatican for the purpose of mortifying the sensual at Rome we do not think it can otherwise nature, and allowing the spirit, with less be determined. There, however, we should disturbance, to be absorbed in the contem- find all that is needed—not only in regard plation of divine things. The rules of the b04 LUi\r Flb^ESHIRE BIOGRAPHY. LUM

monasteries, indeed, made more moilerati property till the early part of the fourteenth

demands on the abstinence of the inmates ; century, wlien, becoming possessed of the but the majority of the monks did more km. Is ,,f r.lanerue, in the same iv.unty, they choice than was required of their own free ; erected there for tlieir futu.e i, si,L-nee a and many even withdrew from the cells of niansi,,n on thr b.inl s nf the Wliitadder, the convents into the deserts, that they the ruuis of nhi.h still inuam. Adam de might suppress sensual desires by tlie most Lmiisdm's ii.n.ic aiM".>vs amcmg the ingenuous self-tortures, and attain the signatures In /,',,./„,/,/', l!,ill in fealty to highest degree of holiness. ^VhetUer it was Edward I. in IJ'U, IL'MI,, anil 1297. He was for this end that St Fillan withdrew to the then the iuiui, di.,te an. .-tor of the Lums- wilds of Glenurehy it is not said, but C'ame- ilens of Lumsilauie and I'.lanerne, whose rarius mentions that he had lieeu engaged in transcribing the Scriptures when in the daine, was cohniel in the .miiv of (Justavus- Priory, and that his left hand was observed Adolplms, King of Sw eden. At the siege of to send forth such splendour as to afford Frankfort, he and Hepliuiu, who com- light to that with which he wrote—a miiacle manded another .Seotrh i.-imcnt in the which saved many candles to the convent, Swedish service, benig cdled upnn by name

as St Fill.in used to spend whole nights in by the King, forced tbr i,- it.^ of the city,

that exercise. The most innocent and and entered at the hea I of th. ir nun. Sir praiseworthy occupation of those who spent James Lumsdaine's regiment alone took their lives in convents was the transcription eighteen colours. His great gr.andson, of the Bible and other works, which was Kobert Lumsdaine of Lumsdaine and In- also a great source of gain to the writers. nergellie, became afterwards of Stravithie, in Sometimes the monks wrote in separate right of his wife, Eliza, daughter and heiress cells made round the calefactory—which of his cousin James Lumsdaine, Esq. of was a contrivance for distributing heat to Sti'avitbie, upon whose death he married, all. But they did not write the Scriptures secondly, Sophia Lundin. He left issue, only, they also read them. Their rule en- to wit, James Lumsdaine, his elilest son, joined the assiduous study of the Bible. who married Christian, daughter of Sir The monks who could read well were ap- Philip Anstruther of B.alcaskie, Bart., and pointed in their turn to read at meals. They dying without issue was succeeded by his read the wi-itings of the Fathers alternately brother. Captain Kobert Lumsdaine, .ind lie with the Bible. The winter evenings wei-e ilying unmarried, was succeeded by Major spent in listening to large portions of the John Lumsdaine of Lathallan, Lumsdaine, Word of God. The monks laboured with -Jlanerne, and Innergellie, upon wh<.sc death their hands, as by the rule of lona, and he estates reverted to his cousin, third son gi'eat care was taken that, during the read- E William, fourth son of James Lumsdaine, ing, no one should l)e overcome by sleep. Esq. of Eeiinyhill, ^^ hose great grandfather, The reader sat in an elevated place, and uel WiUiam Lumsilauie, was youngest the hearers on benches ranged along the brother of the taiuous Sir James Lumsdaine,

wall ; and as there was no light, except the distinguished soldier under Gustavus- where the reader sat, one of the monks was rVdolphus. William Lumsdaine, wdio thus appointed to walk round with a wooden became head or representative of the family, lantern, open only at one side, to perceive died unmarried on the IJth January lijSO, if any brother had fallen asleep. If any and was succeeded by his sister Mary-LUlias, one was asleep, nothing was said, but m.xrried th.- lav. Eduin Sandys, after- the lantern was set down with the light to- wards Sand\s-LuiiiMlaiiii', eldest son of wards his face to awaken him, and directly Edwin Huiiiiiluey S.indj,, Esi,. lie awoke he knew he was to take the place NDYS, Tue Family of. — This family is of the lantern keeper, and make the round _ eat anticpiity in the county of Cuuiber- till he found another monk asleep. At the laud, and was anciently settled at St L.-es. time of the Reformation, many of the re- iobert S.mdys, in the time of Hemy IV',, ligious buildings and lands connected there- 1 th.-year i:;'in, left a son, John Sandys with cam« into the possession of the nobility, f Funi.-,.. Fdls, in the county of L.a'n- gentry, and others, sometimes in a very un- ast. 1-, «li.i,e sou and heir, WilUam Sandys justifiable manner, which will account for f Tuinr,,. Fdl-, married the daughter'of the Priory and lands of Pittenweem being M.uhaiii, audMti-sue, WiUiam, his heir, bought by Bishop Low from the lau-d of ,ho mariied Mar^aiet, daughter and hen-ess Elie House. of WiUiam Eawson, of the county of York, LUMSDAINE of Innergellie, The and left among other issue an eldest son, Familyof.—The ancient border faunly of George' Sandys, who married Jlargaret, Lumsdainehas resided in Berwickshire from daughter of John Dickson, of London, and a very early date. The lands of Lumsilen had six sous. Edw in, the thiril son, was the

.s, were granted to the neighbouring Priory lost Key. Edw vn Sandj I ). D. , Ai ch bishop of Coldingham by King Edgar, about the f York, of wliom we 'give a sepai.xte life. year 973, and were soon afterwards divided His Grace married Cecillia, daughter of into East and West Lumsden, the former Thomas Wilford of Crancrook, in the county of which was held of the Priory by a family of Kent, and left four sons, the secimd of which took its name from the estate as whom was Sir Edwin Sandys, a distin- manorial tenants. They resided on this guished politician of the time of James I., No. SXXTX.

I LUM FIFESHIRE BIOGRAPHY. LITAI and dying in 1629, was buried in the Church in a sermon the next day before the XJni- of North Bourne, in Kent, where he had a ver.sity. He obeyed, and preached in a seat and fair estate. He was four times most pathetic manner ; and moreover married, and left three sons by his last wife. g.ave a copy of his sermon to be printed. Richard was his third son, of whose line we Twti days after, the same Duke sent to him treat. Richard Sandys of Downhall, in the orders to proclaim Queen Mary, which he county of Kent, the third son, was a Colonel h.aving refused to do, was deprived of his in the Parliament.ary Army. By his wife Vice-Chancellorship, and other preferments Hester he left, among other issue, an eldest which he possessed, and was sent a prisoner Sim, Edwin Sandys, whose son, Jordan to the Tower of London. He lay there S.indys, Captain, Koyal Navy, dying in seven months, and then was removed to the 1753, left, by his wife Deborah, a son and Marshalse.a. He was afterwards set at heir, Henry Sandys, Esq. of Dowuhall, liliertv I IV the mediation of some friends; and afterwards of North Bourne Court, in but certain whisiicrers suggesting to Bishop right of his wife, Priscilla, by whom he left iTardiiier that he was the greatest heretic Richard Sandys, Esq. of North Bourne, (tliat is the most zealous I'rotestant) in who married Susan Crayfoixl, daughter of all England, and one who, of all others, James Taylor, Esq., by whom he had issue, had most corrupted tlie University of Cam- Edwin Humphrey .Sandys, Esq. of Kings- bridge, strict searcli was ordered to be made

town, in the county of Kent ; his second for him. Upon this, he made his escape son, who married Helen, daughter and out of England, and in May 1.554, arrived heiress of Edward-Lord Chick, Esq., by at Antwerp, from wliich he was obligetl

whom he had issue, Edwin Sandys and to haste away soon to .\ugsburg ; and, after other children. Edwin Sandys liuoame, at staying there a few ilays, went to Stras- the death of his cousin, Richard Edwin burg, where he fixed his abode. His wife (who was killed in the action off Copen- came to hini tli-rt-. but he had the misfor- hagen upon 2d April 1801), heir male of the tune shortly al'triw\irds t.. lose, by death, Sandyses of Kent, and took the name and her and one child. Inir.r.S betook a journey arms of Lumsdaine, in addition to those of to Zurich, and bidgrd five weeks in the Sandj-s, in right of his wife. Ho is now house of the celelirated Peter Martyr, with designated whom he ever after maintained an intimate Sandts-Ltimsdaine, Tlie Rev. Edwtn, correspondence. Receiving there, the news of Lumsdaine and Blaneme, in the of (jHieen Jbiry's death, he returned to county of Berwick, and Innergellie, in the Strasljiu-g, and thence to England, where county of Fife. He is Rector of Upper he' arrived on tlu- 15tli day of January 1559. Hardres, in the county of Kent, was born lu ]March, he was apiiointed by Queen in 1783, and married in 1810, Mary-Lillias, Elizabeth and her L'ouncil, one of the nine daughter and heiress of William Lumsdaine, Protestant Dis'ines who were to hold a dis- Esq. of Blaneme, &c., by whom he has putation against as many of the Romish issue, the Rev. Francis Gordon Sandys persuasion," before both Houses of ParUa- Lumsdaine, presently residing at Inner- raent, at Westminster. He was also one of gellie, born 1828, who, since the death of the Commissioners for jireparing a form of his mother in 18G4, is now representative of prayer or liturgy, and for deliberating on the family of Lumsdaine of Lumsdaine, other matters for the reformation of the

Blaneme, and Innergellie ; Mary Lillias, Church. When the Popish prelates were married in 1843 to George Mitchell Innes, ileiu'ived, he w.as nomiuate

of Ayton, in the county of Berwick ; and of Worcester. Bein-^ a man w.-ll skilled in Selina Helen, married in 1850 to the Rev. in the original lau-iuiL'S. be w:\s, aliout the Foster George Simpson. yearl.5(;.5; one of the I'.idiups ai.|>"inted to Saxdv.s iir Edwix Sa>-dys, Archbishop make a translati..n of the Bible; and the ' of York, (an anc.-„tor ,.f the Rev. Fn p.irti.ms wliicb fell to his share were the Hist and second book of Kings, and the Inu first and so.und of Chronicles. He suc- Sir Samuel Sandys of Hawkshead, in oei lied (Jrindal in the See of London in eashire, .and was born in the year 1 i:,7(l: and the vear aft.-r. was ordered by

He was educated at St John's College. the I lu'-i-n to assist the Archliisho]) of Cau- Cambridge, where he took, at the iiroper trrl.iiVv in tb.' Eeelrs.a.tical Conmiission seasons, both degrees in arts and divinit}'. l.,.tli a^-ainst Papi-ls and Puritans. In About the year 1547 he was elected JIasttr i:.7i; la- Has tran-latiil futile Arelil ilshopric liri,ni>-sor of Catharine Hall ; and in 15:.:!, at the of York. Hi-. innpoo., and the time of King Edward's dece;ise, be was \i:jour and ;'.':d «illi wliirli \,r a.trd ag.ainst Vice-Chancell,irof the University. Having tlie loinianl^ts. r\|i"^rd liini t" their cen- early embraced the Protestant religion, he sures and iiiverlixes, and caused him to be joined heartily with those who were for niueli as|., asid in tlieir libels. The same setting the Lady Jane Grey upon the sevrritv of dis|iosition also involved him in

Throne ; and was required by John Dudley, many disputes and quarrels with those of Duke of North\miherland, who came to his own communion, so that liis life, on the Cambridge in his march against Queen whole, was a continu.al w-arfare, many at- Mary, to set forth the Lady Jane's title tempts having been made to destroy his LUM FIFESHIRE EIOGRArHY. LUM

interest and good name. One of these in afiairs of importance. At his death, in of so singular and monstrous a nature that 10211, he left to the University of Oxford we cannot hd\< untieing,' it pOTticularly. i.'l.'JOO for the endowment of a metaphysical May ISS'J, as In- Has \isitmg his diocese, he lectureship. He was the author of a lay at an iiai in 1 )niRastLr, where, through treatise—" Eiuropae Speculum, or a View or Survey of the State of Keligion in the Western Tarts of the AVorld," first pub- lislied, with tlie author's cimsent, in 1029.

...I «a 111' S.VNUYS, Ckokge, tlie youngest sou of wlii .Vrrliiiishoii Sandys, was born at Cishops- tlior|)e, in 1.j77, and was only twelve years room, awaktaiL'd thu Ai itli hi old when, the year after his father's death, noise, and ]ii\-sriitcd a lU'awn ila:4L;LT to his lie matriculated at St Mary's Hall, Oxford. breast in-etemlinLr to avtaige the injury. He afterwards i-emoved to Corpus Christi, Immetliately .Sir itobert .Staiiltton came in, but he does not appear to have taken any as if called from hi.s chamber hy the inn- degree at the University. After travelUng

keeper ; and assuming the appearance of a on the Continent of Europe, and hi various friend, as indeed he had formerly been, and countries of the East, he published, in 1615, " as the Archbisho]) then thought him, ad- A Relation of a Journey begun in 1010 ; vised his Grace to make np the matter, four books containing a Description of the laying before him many cogent re.isons for Turkish Empire, of Egypt, of the Holy doing so, and referring particularly to the Laud, of the Remote Parts of Italy, and perils to which his own reputation, and the credit of religion was exposed, if, being one against so many, he should attemj^t to erudition, sagacity, and accurate observa- moxe in such a cause. I'ersuadiug hioa at tion, has enjoyed deserved popularity, and same time tiiat notwithstanding his inno- has often been re]n-inted. In 1032 appeared €vvic\\ w liich the Archbisho]) solemnly pro- " Sandys' Translation of Ovid's Metamor- teslcil, and Slapleton tlien concurred in, it phoses," which not only put the existing Were b'tttT til stop the mouths of needy and translation by Golding into the shade, but unpriueiiilril persons than to bring his good served as a model of versification to many name into doubtful question. With this subsequent poets. " He comes so near the bad advice the Archljishop unwarily com- sense of his author," says Longbainc, " that plied ; but, after discovering .Sir liobert nothing is lost ; no spirits evaporate in the Stapleton's malicious and treacherous dis- decanting of it into English, and if there be simulation, he ventured in conhdenee of his any sediment it is left behind." In 1036 he own iunocency to he the means himself of pubHshed a " Paraphrase of the Psalms," bringing the whole cause to examhiation which is said to have been a favourite book before the Council in the Star Chamber. w ith King Charles the First, when a prisoner The result was that the Archbishop was in Carisbrook Castle. In his dedication of found and declarwl entirely innocent of the the " Ovid" to that monarch, Sandys makes wielied and groundless slaiders and imputa- allusion to his attempts to serve the crown tions raised against him ; and that ISir Virginia, where he succeeded his brother Kolicrt Stapleton an.l his acmmplices were Treasurer. On his return to England, severelj' piunislicit by tine and imprisonment. he was appointed a Gentleman of the Privy This curious story is related at length by Chamber. He was a man of sterling worth,

8ir John Harrington, a contemporary 1 gentle disposition, and his virtues have writer, and by Le Neve, who gives a fuller been commemorated in verse by his friend account still, from an extract from the Lord Falkland. A high contemporaneous decree, made in the Star Chamber, 8th May, estuoate of his talents has been preserved '2'> Eliz. preserved , in the Harleian Library. in the Register of Burials in the Parish After a life full of troubles and vicissitudes, Church of Besley, Kent, where this entry chietiy oviing to the ignorance, bigotry, and occurs—" Georgius Sandys, poetarum An- wickedne-ss of the times, the learned Prelate glorum sui scecuh facile princeps, sepultua died on the 10th day of July 15S8, in the fuit Martii 7 stilo Anglice, Anno Domini sixty-ninth year of his age, and was Inuied 104:?." in the Collegiate Church of Southwell, where L U M S D A I N E of Lathallan, The a monument is erected to his memory. He Fa.miltof.—John Luinsd.aine, Esq., Major was a great and good man, and an eminent in the E.I.C.S., third son of Robert Lums- preacher ; and his style is much superior ilalne, Esq. of Innergellie, in the county of to the generaUty of writers in those times, Fife, purchased the estate of Lathallan a^i appears from a vohnne of his sermons from Lieutenant Thomas Spens in 1788,

1 \-illiam Lindsay, (3) Church of y< hii Siiiali, (4) Siauil'.ml llobcrt, succes- by James I., e pi-oprielois of Latliallau. Mr Lums- oU7 LUN FIPESHIRE BIOGEAPHY. LYO daine, wlio was from an early period up to years ago, when he took the degree of LL.B, the year 1824 on tlie Medical Staff of the at the London College, he stood first in Bengal Establishment, dird lilM llLceruber honours, and gained a prize of £.50 a-year,

1853, and was succeeded l>y his eldest sur- tenaljle for three years ; and in 18B3, when viving son, William Lindsay Lunisdaine, he took his degree of LL.D., he stood Esq. of LatbaUan, born -Jtb Heptend)erlS2S. highest in honoui's, and had the gold medal He died unmarried in 1851), and was suc- awarded to him— being the only Scotchman ceeded by his next brother, John Small wdio has ever attained this distinction. At Lumsdaine, Esq. of Lathallan, J.P. and the gener.al exaniinati"n of the students of D.L., born 1829, died unmarried, 4th the four Inns of Court, held at Lincohi's October 1860, and was succeeded by liis Inn Hall, in May 18G4, the Council of only surviving brother, the present Mr Legal Education, did, on the recommenda- Lumsdaine of Lathallan. tion of the e.xaminers, award to Dr Lyell, a L U N D I N of Auchtermairnie, The studentship of fifty-two pounds ten shiUings Fajiily of. — Lundin of Lmidin, one of the jier annum, to continue for a period of three oldest, and formerly one of the most influen- years, for havinjg distinguished himself tial families in Scotland, and was afterw.ards above all the candidates at the e.xamination. re|)resented by Clementina Baroness Wil- In addition to this )>rize of £1.50 guineas, loiighby De Eresby ; a, younger branch of Dr Lyell will be entitled to be ealleil to the this long deceased line, was Lundin of English bar, after having ke|.t ten, instead

Auchtermairnie. The following is the of the usual twelve terms ; and \vill after- earliest notice tif this branch that occurs in wards take honorary ]ireeedence of all those " Lament's Chronicle of Fife" (ICiJ^-l liTl) :— whi ) are called at the same time. "l(i50, January i:-!.-JhnneLundv(f.uu.lhL), LYON-BOWES, of Strathmore and the f.aird of Auchtermairnie. in f'vfe, .h-e-1 Kinghorn, The Familt OP.-This family at Erunton, his father-in-law. his Imusr, deduces its descent from a member of the and from thence was carried to Aiieliter- French family of Lyon (which originally mairriie, and was interred tlie ISth day att sprang from the noble Roman house of Kennochey (Kennow.iyj.his Parish Chu'rch. '' Leoni) accompanied the Norman into He left (besides two daughters, one, Helen, England in lOGU, and removed into Scotland marrieil to the llev. MrHann.ay, one of the in about thirty years afterwards. This niini-ters of I'Minburgh), two sons, John, Lyon was high in favour with the Scottish lii-i heir, wli I (lied unnmrried, and James, King Edgar, and obtained from that Prince who s'lrccrdr,] liis elder brothcr, and mar- considerable grants in Perthshire, to which riijd .\-:ie^. onl}- daughter of George Law, he gave the name of Glen-Lyon. From him of Brunton, from whom was descended descended Sir .John Leon, son of John de David Lundin, of Auchtermairnie, whose Lyon, feudal Baron of Forteviot, &c., and daughter and heiress, Anne, married James son-indaw to King Robert II. , from whom Lundin, son of her uncle Robert, and had he obtained a gr.ant, in 1371, of the Lord- an only daughter, Elizabeth, who died un- ship orThanedom of Glamis, in Forfarshire. married. The eldest daughter of Robert Sir John, wdio was Great Chamberlain of Lundin aforesaid, named Anne, married Scotland, fell in a duel with Sir James JRichard Smith, Esq., and had (with two Lindsay of Crawford, in 1383, and was suc- daughtei-s, viz., iViargai-et, married to ceeded by his only son (liy the Lady Jane Lachlan M'Lean, of Turloisk, in the county Stuart, King Robert's youngest daughter, of Argyll, an.l Anne, died unmarried), an by whom he acquired the Barony of King- only son, CInisto).her Smith, who, on .suc- horn), Sir John of Glamis, who married ceeilinghis mother's cmisin, Anne (daughter Lady Elizabeth Graham, and dying in 1435, of David Lundin), in the estate of Auchter- was succeded by his eldest son, Patrick mairnie, assumed the surname of Lumlin. Leon, of Glamis, who was appointed a Peer He married in 178!l, Rachael, youngest of Parliament, by the title of Lord tilamis, d.aughter of Andrew Jolmstcn, of Renny- in 1415 ; he mamed Isabel, daughter of liill, in the county of Fife, by whom he had Alexander Ogilvy, of Auchterhouse, and Richard, his heir, born in 1791, and died died in 1459. He was succeeded by Alex- unmarried in 1832. Andrew, who died ander, second Lord, at whose decease with- young ; Christopher, drowned in 1818, un- out issue in 1485, the B.arony devolved on married ; Euphemia, who died unmarried his brother ,Tohn, third Loril, who was suc- in 3855, and Elizabeth, who is marrietl to ceeded by his eldest son Jchn < llauiis, fourth the Rev. Robert Brown—Mr Browu now Lord, wdio. dying in inim, left liis eldest assumes the surname of Lundin. son to inherit^ viz., lA'^rge, liflh Lord; at LYELL, D.wiD, LL.D., is the eldest whose decease, unmarried, in i:.U.5, the title son of Dr Lyell, of Falkland. Mr Lyell and estate passed to his brother John, the was an ahnunus of the University of St sixth Lord. This nobleman came to a Andrews, and while there gained the highest tragical end. He married Janet Douglas, second daughter of C^eorge, Master of An- -us, sister of Archibald, sixth Earl of Angus. This lady, her husband, her son l.iu-.l Glamis, John Lyon, his relation, and an old priest. Were indicfed for designs

agaiust the Ufe of James V. , by poison or LYO FIFESHIRE BIOGRAPHY. LYO witchcraft, with the iutention of restoi-iug the House of Angus. Lady Ulauiia was condemned to the flames, the savage punish- ment of the imaginary crime of witclicraft, and suffered her fate on tiie Castle HiU of Edinburgh, on Tuesday the 17lli of July 1537, amid a crowd of spectators, who ceased not to admire her mature, yet youth- ful elegance of form, and the masculine firmness of her mind. Her husband endea- vouring to escajie from the Castle, was dashed to pieces on the rocks which form the has LYO FIFESHIRfi BTOGEAPHY. MAC

January 1753. John, the tenth Earl, was mis Castle, on the morning of Thursday the bom the 11th April 1709, and was enrolled 14th of September 1865, in the 43rd year of among the Peers of the United Kingdom his age. The family estates and honours by the title of Baron Bowes of Streatlam now therefore devolve upon his only brother, Castle, 18th July 1815. His Lordship the Hon. Claude Bowes-Lyon. The new married, on 2d July 1820, Miss Mary Earl is married, and has a family of five Milner, of Staindrop, County of Diu:ham, sons, his Countess being Frances Bora, and died the day after his nuptials. The daughter of Oswald Smith,'Esq. of Blendon. EngUsh Peerage thereby expired, and the Both Earl and Countess are already well Scottish devolved upon his brother, Thomas known on the estates, where they have often Lyon-Bowes, eleventh Earl, who was born visited, and ministered to the wants of those 3d May 1773, married, on the 1st January who were in distress. 1800, Mary-EUzabeth, only daughter and heiress of George Carpenter, Esq. of Red- bourn, Herts, by whom he had issue, George, M Lord Glamis. He was bom 6th May 1801, married Charlotte, daughter of Charles MACANSH, Alex.ujder, was bom Grimslead, Esq., and died on the 27th of at DuntermUne in 1803. At the age of January 1834, leaving the present Peer. eleven apprenticed to a flaxdresser, he fol- LYON-BOWES, Thomas George, lowed his occupation during a ]X'riod of twelfth Earl of Strathmore and Kinghorn, thirty-eight years, of which the greater por- and Baron Glamis, was the son of Thomas tion was spent in Harribrae factory in his George, Lord Glamis, and was bom on the native town. During the intervals of his 2Sth September 1822. He succeeded his occupation, which demanded his attention grandfather as 12th Earl on 27th August about fourteen hours daily, he contrived to 1846. The family honours in the form of become famiUar with British and Continen- titles to which he succeeded were very nu- tal authors, and with the more esteemed merous. He was not only Earl of Strath- Latin classics. He likewise formed an in- more, but Earl of Kinghorn, Viscount Lyon, timate acquaintance with mathematical Baron Glamis, Tannadice, Seiulaw, and science. Of decided poetical tastes, be StrathdichMe. In his younger days he was contributed verses to Tait's Matiazine, the

in the 1st Life Guards ; but for a long Ediiiburyh lAterary Journal, and the Scots- period he chiefly devoted his time to the man newspaper. In 1850 lie published by turf. He lost, it is said, enormous sums of subscription, his volume of poems entitled money in this way, and so ira])overished and " The Social Curse and other Poerns," burdened the family estates. Like the Earl which has secured him a local rejiutation.

of Glasgow, bis horses seldom or ever won ; Continumg to reside in Dunfermhne, he but he always adhered to his e.xpensive has for 'several years possessed a hterary amusement. "Strange stories are told of the connection with some of the provincial extent of his difficulties, and the means newspapers, and has deUvered lectures on adopted to meet them. But that he died in science to the district institutions. pecuniary difficulties is certain. It is known MACDUFF, LoED Fife, The Family that he had enormous quantities of wood OF. —This noble family derives from Fyfe

cut down and sold ; the money received for Macduff, a chieftain of great power and which common rumour places at a fabulous we.alth, who lived about the year 834, and amount. His difficulties were such that we who afforded to Kenneth II., King of Scot- beUeve the entail of the estates was broken land, strong aid against his enemies the by consent of the next heir, in order to ad- Picts. In reward of these services, MacdutF mit of his lordship's liabilities being met. received from the monarch a grant of all the He resided comparatively Uttle at the Castle lauds then called Othdinia, which he himself

of Glamis ; but was, we understand, very had conquered from the Picts, and which well liked by the tenantry, in whom he took extended from Fifeness to Clackmannan, a considerable interest. At

the show was to be an annual one ; buthis pe- his county of Fife, of which he created him cuniary difficulties, it is su]5posed, ]ireventeil Earl in 1001. The thirteenth Earl, Duncan, the execution of the idea. He uian-ied iu (lying in 1353, without male issue, the 1850 the Hon. Charlotte Jlaria Barrint;t„n, earkiom became extinct. His descendant,

eldest daughter of Lord r.arrin'_;t('U ; but however, David Duff, received, in 1401, that lady died in 1854 without leading issue, from Uoliert III., a grant of considerable and Lord Strathmore ilied at his seat, Gla- lauds, and of the barony of Muldavit, which 310