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The History of Scotland from the Accession of Alexander III. to The

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The History of Scotland from the Accession of Alexander III. to The i^ Hi^^i'''^''-"iii 1 i I'-n iiP PP piilliiHHiiiw "ill !ii;iilsi;ii;si iii ipiJliiiiHjiiiijli .luiimlu'iiiiiip Columbia ©nitiersfitp ^ in tf}e Citp of i^eto |9orfe LIBRARY HISTORY OF SCOTLAND. / l6 THE HISTORY OF SCOTLAND, ACCESSION OF ALEXANDER III. TO THE UNION. BY PATRICK FRASER TYTLER, F.R.S.E. AND F.A.S. NEW EDITION. IN TEN VOLUMES. VOL. IV. EDINBURGH: WILLIAM P. NIMMO. 1866 MUKKAY ASD GIBB, PRDJTERS, EDINBURGH. CONTENTS OF THE FOURTH VOLUME. CHAP. I. JAMES THE SECOND. 1436-1460. Relative situation of the nobility and the crown, after the assas sination of James the First, lietreat of the queen-mother to Edinburgh castle, Coronation of James the Second, A truce concluded with England, The young king secretly conveyed from Edinburgh castle to Stirling, Siege of Edinburgh castle by the Earl of Livingston, Marriage of the queen-mother with Sir James Stewart, The king carried off, by Crichton, to Edinburgh castle. Distress of the people occasioned by the feuds of the nobles, Turbulent conduct of William, sixth Earl of Douglas, His execution in Edinburgh castle along with his brother David, bl Friendly relations between Scotland and England, . 33 Exorbitant power of Williajn, eighth Earl of Douglas, . 36 Feud between the Craw&rds and Ogilvies, . .49 Sagacious and determined policy of the young king towards the nobles, . .' 52 Border feuds, 55 Marriage of the king and Mary of Gueldres, . .59 Vigorous proceedings of the king against the turbulent nobility, GO Important parliamentary enactments, 64 Determination of the Earl of Douglas to maintain his power, . 72 His reception of Sir Patrick Gray, the king's messenger, . 81 Douglas sent for, and assassinated in Stirling castle by the king, 8Q B '^ 4 (} 1 VI CONTENTS. Page The Earl of Crawford defeated by Huntley, . .89 Conspiracy of James, ninth Earl of Douglas, . .91 The king marches against Douglas, reduces, and pardons him, . 94 Submission of the Earl of Cra^rford, . .... 98 University of Glasgow founded, 99 Intrigues of Douglas with the York party in England, . .100 Douglas defeated at Arkinholme, 103 Predatory expedition of Donald Balloch, 106 Extraordinary letter of the English King to the King of Scots, 109 Followed by war on the Borders, Ill Measures adopted for strengthening the crown, . .112 Parliamentary enactments regarding dress, war-beacons, and Border raids, 115 Dispute ynth the King of Norway as to the Western Isles, . 120 Provisions of Parliament regarding arms, the Borders, and the pestilence, 123 Act regarding the money of the realm, 126 Mutual support of the king and the clergy, . .130 Earldom of Mar annexed to the crown, 131 James attacks the York party in Northumberland and Durham, in support of Henry of Lancaster, . 136 Institution of the Session, 138 Acts of Parliament regarding weapon-schawing, dress, leases, and other internal regulations, 1 39 James breaks the truce with England, to aid Henry of Lancaster, 148 And besieges Roxburgh castle, where he is killed, . 149 His character. 152 CHAP. II. JAMES THE THIRD. 1460-1488. Accession of James the Third, 156 Feuds of the Island Lords, 158 Award of the King of France between Norway and Scotland, . 162 Rebellion of the Earl of Ross, 166 CONTENTS. Vll Rise of the Boyd family, and their league with the House of Fleming, 171 Death and character of Bishop Kennedy, 174 The king carried off by Lord Boyd and other nobles, . .176 Parliamentary enactments, 179 Intercourse between Scotland and Denmark, . .183 Marriage of the king witli the Princess of Denmark, . .189 Downfal of the House of Boyd, ib. Rise of the Ilamiltons, 193 Character and situation of the young king, .... 194 Persecution of Graham bishop of St Andrews, . .199 St Andrews raised to the dignity of an archiepiscopal see, . ib. Intrigues of Lewis the Eleventh of France, .... 202 Birth of James the Fourth and his bctrothment, . 206 Causes which led to the disaffection of the nobles towards the king, 211 Character and proceedings of Albany and JIar, . .213 Rebellion of Albany and siege of Dunbar, . .218 Hostile attitudes of the French, English, and Scottish kings, . 223 Revolt of Albany to the English interest, 226 The Scottish army stopped by a Papal bull on their march, . 227 Intrigues of the English kings with the Scottish nobles, . 228 Rise and magnificence of Cochrane, called Earl of Mar, . 230 His murder, and the king's seizure by the nobles, . 234 Albany and the king's party reconciled, 236 Albany made lieutenant-general of the kingdom, . 239 But afterwards deprived of his office by the king's party, . 243 Albany and Douglas invade Scotland, with an English army, and are defeated, 248 Truce between James the Third and Richard the Tliird of Eng- land, 250 Death of Queen ^Margaret of Scotland, . • . .255 Real character of the king's government, 257 Intrigues of Albany's party against the king, and their attempts to gain the prince, 258 Their success in these attempts, 262 Open rebellion of the nobles and the prince, .... 265 Skirmish between the contending parties at Blackness, . 268 Temporary pacification, followed by a fresh insurrection, . 270 Battle of Sauchic-burn, 273 And murder of the king, .... ... 277 His character, 278 Vlll CONTENTS. CHAP. III. JAMES THE FOURTH. 1488-1497. Accession of James the Fourth, 286 Trial of the nobles who had opposed him iu arms, . 291 Parliamentary acquittal of the present king and his followers from the murder of the late king, ..... 294 Policy of the young king towards the nobles, .... 298 Brilliant exploits of Sir Andrew Wood at sea, . .301 Conspiracy of Lord Bothwell against the king, .... 304 The king begins to incline towards the friends of his father, and withdraws his confidence from his own late supporters, . 307 Parliamentary enactments, 312 The king endeavours to attach to himself the Highland chiefs, . 316 His repeated expeditions into the Highlands, .... 317 James's early intrigues with the Duchess of Burgundy, . .319 Perkin Warbeck corresponds with James, .... 320 Henry VII. discovers the intrigue, 321 James's intercourse with O'Donnell, Prince of Tii'conuell, . 322 Warbeck arrives in Scotland, 323 Received with great honour, ....... ib. Marries Lady Catherine Gordon, 324 James and Warbeck invade England, 326 Failure of the expedition, ....... 327 Retreat of the king, 328 Negotiations for peace are renewed by Henry, .... 329 Warbeck and his wife. Lady Catherine Gordon, leave Scotland, 330 NOTES AND ILLUSTRATIONS. A. Boece and the story of the Bull's Head, .... 333 B. George earl of Angus, 334 C. Execution of the Douglases, ...... 335 D. Early connexion between Scotland and the Hanse towns, . 337 CONTENTS. IX rafio £. James, niuth Earl of Douglas, . .343 F. Earl of Moray, 345 G. Rise of the power of the Boyds, ...... ib. II. and I. llevolt of the nobility against James the Third, . 346 K. Inventory of the jewels and money of James the Third, . 349 L. Margaret Drummond, mistress to James IV. 357 M. Sir Andrew Wood of Largo, ...... 359 N. Mons Meg, 3G{) 0. I'erkin Warbcck, 361 VOL. IV HISTORY OP SCOTLAND. CHAP. I. JAMES THE SECOND. 143G-UG0. CONTEMPORARY PRINCES. Kinf} of England. Kinfl of France. Popes. Henry VI. Charles VII. Eiicene IV. Nichohis V. Cnlixtus 111. Pius II. The assassination of James the First, and the suc- ceeding minority of his son, a boy of only six years of age, was, if not a triumph to the majority of the Scottisli nobility, at least an event eminently favourable to their power and pretensions. His murderers, it is true, whether from the instant execration which bursts out against a deed of so dark and sanguinary a character, or from the personal revenge of the queen-mother, were punished with speedy and unmitigated severity. Yet, when tha first sentiments of horror and amazement were abated, and the Scottish aristocracy begun to regard the consequences likely to arise from the sudden destruction which had overtaken the king in the midst of his schemes for the abrid;rinent of their exorbitant VOL. IV. A 2 HISTORY OF SCOTLAND. 1436. power, it is impossible but that they should have con- templated the event of his death with secret satisfaction. The sentiments so boldly avowed by Graham in the midst of his tortures, that the day was near at hand when they would bless his memory for having rid them of a tyrant, must have forcibly recurred to their minds; and when they regarded the fate of the Earl of March, so summarily and cruelly stript of his immense posses- sions, and contemplated the magnitude of Jameses plans, and the stern firmness with which, in so short a reign, he had carried them into effect, we can readily believe that the recovery of the privileges which they had lost, and the erection of some permanent barriers, against all future encroachments of the crown, would be the great objects to which, under the minority of his successor, they would direct their attention. It happened also, unfortunately for Scotland, that such a scheme for the resumption of power by the feudal nobility, in other words, for the return of anarchy and disorder throughout the country, was but too likely to prove successful. The improvements introduced by James the First ; the judicial machinery for the more perfect administration of justice ; the laws for the protection of the lower orders against the insolence of the great ; the provisions for the admission of the representatives of the commercial classes into parlia- ment, and for the abridgment of the military strength of the great feudal lords—were rather in the state of prospective changes, than of measures whose salutary effects had been tried by time, and to which the nation had become attached by long usage.
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