DOCSLIB.ORG

A History of Human Spaceflight 11 Apr 1961 - - 4 Apr 2011 - 11 Apr 1961 - the Race to Be First

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
A History of Human Spaceflight 11 Apr 1961 - - 4 Apr 2011 - 11 Apr 1961 - the Race to Be First A history of human spaceflight 11 Apr 1961 - - 4 Apr 2011 - 11 Apr 1961 - The race to be first There's something in the human genetic code that urges people to explore new worlds and push the boundaries. Human history is full of exploration, from the Vikings and Marco Polo to Columbus, Magellan and James Cook. Whether it's climbing to the top of Mount Everest, reaching the poles, or just seeing what's over the next hill, that urge to explore remains a fundamental part of what it is to be human. So, we shouldnt be surprised that this urge to explore has taken humans to the final frontier, space. The history of space flight has always been a battle between science and politics as the Soviet Union and the US pushed to become the dominant power during the Cold War. The Americans were the first to break the sound barrier in 1947, which in turn helped develop better jet fighters. A decade later, the launch of Sputnik as the first human-made object to orbit the Earth, demonstrated the Soviet Union's ability to deliver nuclear weapons to anywhere on the planet. Yuri Gagarin's historic achievement 50 years ago as the first man in space was a natural progression of that race. Our timeline celebrates the extraordinary achievements we've made since that historic moment. Resources: Where does space begin? (ABC Science Online) (http://www.abc.net.au/science/articles/2010/01/13/2791372.htm) 12 Apr 1961 - The first man in space Soviet fighter pilot, Yuri Gagarin became the first human to fly into space on 12 April 1961. Gagarin completed one orbit of the Earth on board Vostok 1 , a capsule mounted on a modified Soviet R7 rocket. During his flight he reached a maximum altitude of 327 kilometres before returning to Earth just under two hours later. Interestingly, the Federation Aeronautique Internationale rules in 1961 required that the pilot must land with the spacecraft to be considered an official spaceflight for the record books. It was later revealed that Gagarin had abandoned the capsule during re-entry at an altitude of 23,000 feet instead of parachuting to the ground. After his historic space flight, Gagarin was proclaimed a national hero of the Soviet Union serving as a deputy to the Supreme Soviet and later returned to the cosmonaut facility at Star City. However, Soviet officials worried about losing their hero in an accident banned him from training for, and participating in further spaceflights. On 27 March 1968, while on a routine training flight from Chkalovsky Air Base he and flight instructor Vladimir Seryogin died in a MiG 15 jet fighter crash near the town of Kirzhach. Resources: 50 years of human space flight (ROSCOMOS) (http://www.roscosmos.ru/main.php?lang=en) Yuri Gagarin: first man in space (NASA) (http://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/shuttle/sts1/gagarin_anniversary.html) Yuri Gagarin video (NASA) (http://www.nasa.gov/mpg/146085main_yuri.mpg) Yuri Gagarin: his life in pictures (Russian Archives Online) (http://www.russianarchives.com/gallery/gagarin/) 5 May 1961 - First American in space Almost a month after Gagarin's historic flight, US Navy pilot Alan Shepard became the first American in space on 5 May 1961. Shepard piloted a Mercury capsule named Freedom 7, which was mounted on a Redstone rocket on a sub-orbital flight that lasted just 15 minutes and 22 seconds. Its ballistic trajectory carried Shepard to an altitude of 187 kilometres before falling back to the Earth's surface 486 kilometres down-range in the Altantic Ocean. While the Redstone rocket wasn't as powerful as the Soviet rocket that took Gagarin into space, the Freedom 7 enabled Shepard to control the spacecraft's altitude. Also unlike Gagarin, Shepard stayed with his spaceship for the entire mission, which was broadcast live on television and watched by millions. Resources: Alan Shepard biography (NASA) (http://www.jsc.nasa.gov/Bios/htmlbios/shepard-alan.html) Project Mercury (NASA) (http://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/mercury/missions/program-toc.html) 25 May 1961 - Kennedy declares US will "land a man on the moon" On 25 May 1961 US President John F Kennedy delivered his now famous moon speech "to land a man on the Moon and safely return him to the Earth again". "I believe that this nation should commit itself to achieving the goal, before this decade is out, of landing a man on the moon and returning him safely to the earth. No single space project in this period will be more impressive to mankind, or more important for the long-range exploration of space; and none will be so difficult or expensive to accomplish." Resources: Transcript of Kennedy's speech (Kennedy Presidential Library and Museum) (http://www.jfklibrary.org/Research/Ready-Reference/JFK-Speeches/Special-Message-to-the-Congress-on-Urgent-National-Needs-May-25-1961.aspx) 20 Feb 1962 - First American to orbit the Earth The introduction of the powerful Atlas rocket into the Mercury program enabled American astronauts to orbit the Earth. The first to do so was US Marine Corp aviator John Glenn onboard the Mercury spacecraft Friendship 7 on 20 February 1962. Glenn orbited the Earth three times in five hours and reached an altitude of 265 kilometres. After Glenn's flight, NASA sent three more Mercury missions into orbit before the program ended in May 1963. Resources: John Glenn biography (http://johnglennhome.org/about/john-glenn) Friendship 7 mission (NASA) (http://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/mercury/missions/friendship7.html) 16 Jun 1963 - First woman in space Valentina Vladimirovna Tereshkova, a Russian textile factory worker became the first woman, and civilian in space on 16 June 1963. During her three-day flight she performed various tests to determine how the female body reacts to spaceflight. Resources: Russian Federal Space Agency (http://www.roscosmos.ru/main.php?lang=en) The Pioneers (Monash University) (http://www.ctie.monash.edu.au/hargrave/tereshkova.html) 19 Jul 1963 - The world's first space plane The X-15 was an experimental space plane developed in 1959 by the US Airforce and National Advisory Committee on Aeronautics (NACA), which was to become NASA in 1958. Between 1959 and 1968, the X-15 project carried out 199 test flights exploring the boundaries between the Earth's atmosphere and space. The project developed new technologies that were later used in the Mercury, Gemini, Apollo and Space Shuttle programs. On 19 July 1963, an X-15 rocket plane flown by US pilot Joe Walker reached space for the first time, achieving an altitude of 107.96 kilometres. On 3 October 1967, US pilot Pete Knight set a new world aircraft speed record of 7,273 kilometres per hour. The record still stands in 2011. Resources: X-15 website (NASA) (http://history.nasa.gov/x15/cover.html) 8 Apr 1964 - Gemini rises While Mercury was designed to get Americans into space, NASA developed Gemini to test the technology and skills needed to reach the moon. Following two unmanned flights in April 1964 and January 1965, the first manned flight was launched on 23 March 1965. Carrying two men into space at a time, Gemini's 10 manned spaceflights examined a human's ability to fly in space for extended periods of time, to rendevous and dock with other spacecraft and to evaluate an astronaut's ability to perform tasks outside the protection of the spacecraft. Resources: The Gemini Program (NASA) (http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/planetary/gemini.html) On the Shoulders of Titans: A History of Project Gemini (NASA) (http://www.hq.nasa.gov/office/pao/History/SP-4203/toc.htm) 18 Mar 1965 - Man walks in space On 18 March 1965, Soviet cosmonaut Aleksei Leonov became the first man to walk in space. Leonov was outside the Voskhod 2 spacecraft for 12 minutes and nine seconds, his only link to the capsule being a 5.35 metre tether. Problems developed at the end of the spacewalk when it was discovered that Leonov's spacesuit had over-inflated, preventing him from re-entering the airlock. Eventually after bleeding some pressure off through a valve in the suit, he managed to squeeze back in the capsule. Three months later on 3June, US astronaut Edward White became the first American to walk in space, spending 20 minutes outside the Gemini 4 capsule. The Americans continued to perfect spacewalk techniques throughout the Gemini missions. Buzz Aldrin trained for his November 1966 mission using techniques developed under water to simulate zero-gravity conditions. Resources: Space: Adventure into Emptiness (Time 1965) (http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,841800,00.html) Edward White biography (NASA) (http://www11.jsc.nasa.gov/Bios/htmlbios/white-eh.html) Gemini 4 mission (NASA) (http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=1965-043A) 16 Mar 1966 - First space dockings Despite several attempts by the Soviets in 1962 and 1963 using simulatenously launched pairs of spacecraft, it was the Americans who achieved the first rendevous in space with another spacecraft. On 15 December 1965 US astronaut Wally Schirra piloted Gemini 6A to within 30 centimetres of its sister ship Gemini 7. The spacecraft were not equipped for docking but maintained station-keeping for more than 20 minutes. Then on 16 March 1966 Gemini 8 piloted by Neil Armstrong (who would eventually become the first man to walk on the moon) successfully docked with an unmanned Agena Target Vehicle. The mission almost ended in failure when the two docked spacecraft suddenly began spinning wildly in orbit eventually reaching some 60 revolutions per minute. Eventually the crew discovered the problem was caused by one of the thrusters on the Gemini 8 spacecraft, after regaining control of the craft they successfully returned to Earth.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Weather and Aviation: How Does Weather Affect the Safety and Operations of Airports and Aviation, and How Does FAA Work to Manage Weather-Related Effects?
    Kulesa 1 Weather and Aviation: How Does Weather Affect the Safety and Operations of Airports and Aviation, and How Does FAA Work to Manage Weather-related Effects? By Gloria Kulesa Weather Impacts On Aviation In addition, weather continues to play a significant role in a number of aviation Introduction accidents and incidents. While National Transportation Safety Board (NTSB) reports ccording to FAA statistics, weather is most commonly find human error to be the the cause of approximately 70 percent direct accident cause, weather is a primary of the delays in the National Airspace contributing factor in 23 percent of all System (NAS). Figure 1 illustrates aviation accidents. The total weather impact that while weather delays declined with overall is an estimated national cost of $3 billion for NAS delays after September 11th, 2001, delays accident damage and injuries, delays, and have since returned to near-record levels. unexpected operating costs. 60000 50000 40000 30000 20000 10000 0 1 01 01 0 01 02 02 ul an 01 J ep an 02 J Mar May S Nov 01 J Mar May Weather Delays Other Delays Figure 1. Delay hours in the National Airspace System for January 2001 to July 2002. Delay hours peaked at 50,000 hours per month in August 2001, declined to less than 15,000 per month for the months following September 11, but exceeded 30,000 per month in the summer of 2002. Weather delays comprise the majority of delays in all seasons. The Potential Impacts of Climate Change on Transportation 2 Weather and Aviation: How Does Weather Affect the Safety and Operations of Airports and Aviation, and How Does FAA Work to Manage Weather-related Effects? Thunderstorms and Other Convective In-Flight Icing.
    [Show full text]
  • Information Summaries
    TIROS 8 12/21/63 Delta-22 TIROS-H (A-53) 17B S National Aeronautics and TIROS 9 1/22/65 Delta-28 TIROS-I (A-54) 17A S Space Administration TIROS Operational 2TIROS 10 7/1/65 Delta-32 OT-1 17B S John F. Kennedy Space Center 2ESSA 1 2/3/66 Delta-36 OT-3 (TOS) 17A S Information Summaries 2 2 ESSA 2 2/28/66 Delta-37 OT-2 (TOS) 17B S 2ESSA 3 10/2/66 2Delta-41 TOS-A 1SLC-2E S PMS 031 (KSC) OSO (Orbiting Solar Observatories) Lunar and Planetary 2ESSA 4 1/26/67 2Delta-45 TOS-B 1SLC-2E S June 1999 OSO 1 3/7/62 Delta-8 OSO-A (S-16) 17A S 2ESSA 5 4/20/67 2Delta-48 TOS-C 1SLC-2E S OSO 2 2/3/65 Delta-29 OSO-B2 (S-17) 17B S Mission Launch Launch Payload Launch 2ESSA 6 11/10/67 2Delta-54 TOS-D 1SLC-2E S OSO 8/25/65 Delta-33 OSO-C 17B U Name Date Vehicle Code Pad Results 2ESSA 7 8/16/68 2Delta-58 TOS-E 1SLC-2E S OSO 3 3/8/67 Delta-46 OSO-E1 17A S 2ESSA 8 12/15/68 2Delta-62 TOS-F 1SLC-2E S OSO 4 10/18/67 Delta-53 OSO-D 17B S PIONEER (Lunar) 2ESSA 9 2/26/69 2Delta-67 TOS-G 17B S OSO 5 1/22/69 Delta-64 OSO-F 17B S Pioneer 1 10/11/58 Thor-Able-1 –– 17A U Major NASA 2 1 OSO 6/PAC 8/9/69 Delta-72 OSO-G/PAC 17A S Pioneer 2 11/8/58 Thor-Able-2 –– 17A U IMPROVED TIROS OPERATIONAL 2 1 OSO 7/TETR 3 9/29/71 Delta-85 OSO-H/TETR-D 17A S Pioneer 3 12/6/58 Juno II AM-11 –– 5 U 3ITOS 1/OSCAR 5 1/23/70 2Delta-76 1TIROS-M/OSCAR 1SLC-2W S 2 OSO 8 6/21/75 Delta-112 OSO-1 17B S Pioneer 4 3/3/59 Juno II AM-14 –– 5 S 3NOAA 1 12/11/70 2Delta-81 ITOS-A 1SLC-2W S Launches Pioneer 11/26/59 Atlas-Able-1 –– 14 U 3ITOS 10/21/71 2Delta-86 ITOS-B 1SLC-2E U OGO (Orbiting Geophysical
    [Show full text]
  • Space Launch System (Sls) Motors
    Propulsion Products Catalog SPACE LAUNCH SYSTEM (SLS) MOTORS For NASA’s Space Launch System (SLS), Northrop Grumman manufactures the five-segment SLS heavy- lift boosters, the booster separation motors (BSM), and the Launch Abort System’s (LAS) launch abort motor and attitude control motor. The SLS five-segment booster is the largest solid rocket motor ever built for flight. The SLS booster shares some design heritage with flight-proven four-segment space shuttle reusable solid rocket motors (RSRM), but generates 20 percent greater average thrust and 24 percent greater total impulse. While space shuttle RSRM production has ended, sustained booster production for SLS helps provide cost savings and access to reliable material sources. Designed to push the spent RSRMs safely away from the space shuttle, Northrop Grumman BSMs were rigorously qualified for human space flight and successfully used on the last fifteen space shuttle missions. These same motors are a critical part of NASA’s SLS. Four BSMs are installed in the forward frustum of each five-segment booster and four are installed in the aft skirt, for a total of 16 BSMs per launch. The launch abort motor is an integral part of NASA’s LAS. The LAS is designed to safely pull the Orion crew module away from the SLS launch vehicle in the event of an emergency on the launch pad or during ascent. Northrop Grumman is on contract to Lockheed Martin to build the abort motor and attitude control motor—Lockheed is the prime contractor for building the Orion Multi-Purpose Crew Vehicle designed for use on NASA’s SLS.
    [Show full text]
  • Constellation Program Overview
    Constellation Program Overview October 2008 hris Culbert anager, Lunar Surface Systems Project Office ASA/Johnson Space Center Constellation Program EarthEarth DepartureDeparture OrionOrion -- StageStage CrewCrew ExplorationExploration VehicleVehicle AresAres VV -- HeavyHeavy LiftLift LaunchLaunch VehicleVehicle AltairAltair LunarLunar LanderLander AresAres II -- CrewCrew LaunchLaunch VehicleVehicle Lunar Capabilities Concept Review EstablishedEstablished Lunar Lunar Transportation Transportation EstablishEstablish Lunar Lunar Surface SurfaceArchitecturesArchitectures ArchitectureArchitecture Point Point of of Departure: Departure: StrategiesStrategies which: which: Satisfy NASA NGO’s to acceptable degree ProvidesProvides crew crew & & cargo cargo delivery delivery to to & & from from the the Satisfy NASA NGO’s to acceptable degree within acceptable schedule moonmoon within acceptable schedule Are consistent with capacity and capabilities ProvidesProvides capacity capacity and and ca capabilitiespabilities consistent consistent Are consistent with capacity and capabilities withwith candidate candidate surface surface architectures architectures ofof the the transportation transportation systems systems ProvidesProvides sufficient sufficient performance performance margins margins IncludeInclude set set of of options options fo for rvarious various prioritizations prioritizations of cost, schedule & risk RemainsRemains within within programmatic programmatic constraints constraints of cost, schedule & risk ResultsResults in in acceptable
    [Show full text]
  • Chapter Fourteen Men Into Space: the Space Race and Entertainment Television Margaret A. Weitekamp
    CHAPTER FOURTEEN MEN INTO SPACE: THE SPACE RACE AND ENTERTAINMENT TELEVISION MARGARET A. WEITEKAMP The origins of the Cold War space race were not only political and technological, but also cultural.1 On American television, the drama, Men into Space (CBS, 1959-60), illustrated one way that entertainment television shaped the United States’ entry into the Cold War space race in the 1950s. By examining the program’s relationship to previous space operas and spaceflight advocacy, a close reading of the 38 episodes reveals how gender roles, the dangers of spaceflight, and the realities of the Moon as a place were depicted. By doing so, this article seeks to build upon and develop the recent scholarly investigations into cultural aspects of the Cold War. The space age began with the launch of the first artificial satellite, Sputnik, by the Soviet Union on October 4, 1957. But the space race that followed was not a foregone conclusion. When examining the United States, scholars have examined all of the factors that led to the space technology competition that emerged.2 Notably, Howard McCurdy has argued in Space and the American Imagination (1997) that proponents of human spaceflight 1 Notably, Asif A. Siddiqi, The Rocket’s Red Glare: Spaceflight and the Soviet Imagination, 1857-1957, Cambridge Centennial of Flight (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2010) offers the first history of the social and cultural contexts of Soviet science and the military rocket program. Alexander C. T. Geppert, ed., Imagining Outer Space: European Astroculture in the Twentieth Century (New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2012) resulted from a conference examining the intersections of the social, cultural, and political histories of spaceflight in the Western European context.
    [Show full text]
  • The SKYLON Spaceplane
    The SKYLON Spaceplane Borg K.⇤ and Matula E.⇤ University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, 80309, USA This report outlines the major technical aspects of the SKYLON spaceplane as a final project for the ASEN 5053 class. The SKYLON spaceplane is designed as a single stage to orbit vehicle capable of lifting 15 mT to LEO from a 5.5 km runway and returning to land at the same location. It is powered by a unique engine design that combines an air- breathing and rocket mode into a single engine. This is achieved through the use of a novel lightweight heat exchanger that has been demonstrated on a reduced scale. The program has received funding from the UK government and ESA to build a full scale prototype of the engine as it’s next step. The project is technically feasible but will need to overcome some manufacturing issues and high start-up costs. This report is not intended for publication or commercial use. Nomenclature SSTO Single Stage To Orbit REL Reaction Engines Ltd UK United Kingdom LEO Low Earth Orbit SABRE Synergetic Air-Breathing Rocket Engine SOMA SKYLON Orbital Maneuvering Assembly HOTOL Horizontal Take-O↵and Landing NASP National Aerospace Program GT OW Gross Take-O↵Weight MECO Main Engine Cut-O↵ LACE Liquid Air Cooled Engine RCS Reaction Control System MLI Multi-Layer Insulation mT Tonne I. Introduction The SKYLON spaceplane is a single stage to orbit concept vehicle being developed by Reaction Engines Ltd in the United Kingdom. It is designed to take o↵and land on a runway delivering 15 mT of payload into LEO, in the current D-1 configuration.
    [Show full text]
  • Water Rocket Booklet
    A guide to building and understanding the physics of Water Rockets Version 1.02 June 2007 Warning: Water Rocketeering is a potentially dangerous activity and individuals following the instructions herein do so at their own risk. Exclusion of liability: NPL Management Limited cannot exclude the risk of accident and, for this reason, hereby exclude, to the maximum extent permissible by law, any and all liability for loss, damage, or harm, howsoever arising. Contents WATER ROCKETS SECTION 1: WHAT IS A WATER ROCKET? 1 SECTION 3: LAUNCHERS 9 SECTION 4: OPTIMISING ROCKET DESIGN 15 SECTION 5: TESTING YOUR ROCKET 24 SECTION 6: PHYSICS OF A WATER ROCKET 29 SECTION 7: COMPUTER SIMULATION 32 SECTION 8: SAFETY 37 SECTION 9: USEFUL INFORMATION 38 SECTION 10: SOME INTERESTING DETAILS 40 Copyright and Reproduction Michael de Podesta hereby asserts his right to be identified as author of this booklet. The copyright of this booklet is owned by NPL. Michael de Podesta and NPL grant permission to reproduce the booklet in part or in whole for any not-for-profit educational activity, but you must acknowledge both the author and the copyright owner. Acknowledgements I began writing this guide to support people entering the NPL Water Rocket Competition. So the first acknowledgement has to be to Dr. Nick McCormick, who founded the competition many years ago and who is still the driving force behind the activity at NPL. Nick’s instinct for physics and fun has brought pleasure to thousands. The inspiration to actually begin writing this document instead of just saying that someone ought to do it, was provided by Andrew Hanson.
    [Show full text]
  • Why NASA Consistently Fails at Congress
    W&M ScholarWorks Undergraduate Honors Theses Theses, Dissertations, & Master Projects 6-2013 The Wrong Right Stuff: Why NASA Consistently Fails at Congress Andrew Follett College of William and Mary Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.wm.edu/honorstheses Part of the Political Science Commons Recommended Citation Follett, Andrew, "The Wrong Right Stuff: Why NASA Consistently Fails at Congress" (2013). Undergraduate Honors Theses. Paper 584. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/honorstheses/584 This Honors Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Theses, Dissertations, & Master Projects at W&M ScholarWorks. It has been accepted for inclusion in Undergraduate Honors Theses by an authorized administrator of W&M ScholarWorks. For more information, please contact [email protected]. The Wrong Right Stuff: Why NASA Consistently Fails at Congress A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirement for the degree of Bachelors of Arts in Government from The College of William and Mary by Andrew Follett Accepted for . John Gilmour, Director . Sophia Hart . Rowan Lockwood Williamsburg, VA May 3, 2013 1 Table of Contents: Acknowledgements 3 Part 1: Introduction and Background 4 Pre Soviet Collapse: Early American Failures in Space 13 Pre Soviet Collapse: The Successful Mercury, Gemini, and Apollo Programs 17 Pre Soviet Collapse: The Quasi-Successful Shuttle Program 22 Part 2: The Thin Years, Repeated Failure in NASA in the Post-Soviet Era 27 The Failure of the Space Exploration Initiative 28 The Failed Vision for Space Exploration 30 The Success of Unmanned Space Flight 32 Part 3: Why NASA Fails 37 Part 4: Putting this to the Test 87 Part 5: Changing the Method.
    [Show full text]
  • LUNAR NETWORK TRACKING ARCHITECTURE for LUNAR FLIGHT Shane B
    LUNAR NETWORK TRACKING ARCHITECTURE FOR LUNAR FLIGHT Shane B. Robinson∗ A trade study was conducted with the objective of comparing and contrasting the radiometric naviga- tion performance provided by various architectures of lunar-based navigations assets. Architectures considered consist of a compliment of two beacons located on the lunar surface, and two orbiting bea- cons that provide range and range-rate measurements to the user. Configurations of these assets include both coplanar and linked constellations of frozen elliptic orbiters and halo orbiters. Each architecture was studied during the lunar-approach, lunar-orbit, and landing phases of a South Pole lunar sortie mis- sion. Navigation filter performance was evaluated on the basis of filter convergence latency, and the steady state uncertainty in the navigation solution. The sensitivity of the filter solution to Earth-based tracking augmentation and availability of range measurements was also studied. Filter performance was examined during the build up of the lunar-based navigation system by exploring different combi- nations of orbiting and surface-based assets. 1 INTRODUCTION The objective of the work outlined in this document is to conduct a parametric trade intended to evaluate some proposed constellations of moon-orbiting navigation and communication beacons. These orbiting beacons are intended to support the lunar missions of NASA’s Constellation program. This study is sponsored by the flight performance systems integration group at JPL (FPSIG), whose work is funded by the NASA Constellation program office. The work outlined in this report will focus on investigating lunar network aided navigation performance during near lunar phases of baseline missions proposed by the Constellation program.
    [Show full text]
  • The EVA Spacesuit
    POLITECNICO DI TORINO Repository ISTITUZIONALE Glove Exoskeleton for Extra-Vehicular Activities: Analysis of Requirements and Prototype Design Original Glove Exoskeleton for Extra-Vehicular Activities: Analysis of Requirements and Prototype Design / Favetto, Alain. - (2014). Availability: This version is available at: 11583/2546950 since: Publisher: Politecnico di Torino Published DOI:10.6092/polito/porto/2546950 Terms of use: openAccess This article is made available under terms and conditions as specified in the corresponding bibliographic description in the repository Publisher copyright (Article begins on next page) 04 August 2020 POLITECNICO DI TORINO DOCTORATE SCHOOL Ph. D. In Informatics and Systems – XXV cycle Doctor of Philosophy Thesis Glove Exoskeleton for Extra-Vehicular Activities Analysis of Requirements and Prototype Design (Part One) Favetto Alain Advisor: Coordinator: Prof. Giuseppe Carlo Calafiore Prof. Pietro Laface kp This page is intentionally left blank Dedicato a mio Padre... Al tuo modo ruvido di trasmettere le emozioni. Al tuo senso del dovere ed al tuo altruismo. Ai tuoi modi di fare che da piccolo non capivo e oggi sono parte del mio essere. A tutti i pensieri e le parole che vorrei averti detto e che sono rimasti solo nella mia testa. A te che mi hai sempre trattato come un adulto. A te che te ne sei andato prima che adulto lo potessi diventare davvero. opokp This page is intentionally left blank Index INDEX Index .................................................................................................................................................5
    [Show full text]
  • L-8: Enabling Human Spaceflight Exploration Systems & Technology
    Johnson Space Center Engineering Directorate L-8: Enabling Human Spaceflight Exploration Systems & Technology Development Public Release Notice This document has been reviewed for technical accuracy, business/management sensitivity, and export control compliance. It is Montgomery Goforth suitable for public release without restrictions per NF1676 #37965. November 2016 www.nasa.gov 1 NASA’s Journey to Mars Engineering Priorities 1. Enhance ISS: Enhanced missions and systems reliability per ISS customer needs 2. Accelerate Orion: Safe, successful, affordable, and ahead of schedule 3. Enable commercial crew success 4. Human Spaceflight (HSF) exploration systems development • Technology required to enable exploration beyond LEO • System and subsystem development for beyond LEO HSF exploration JSC Engineering’s Internal Goal for Exploration • Priorities are nice, but they are not enough. • We needed a meaningful goal. • We needed a deadline. • Our Goal: Get within 8 years of launching humans to Mars (L-8) by 2025 • Develop and mature the technologies and systems needed • Develop and mature the personnel needed L-8 Characterizing L-8 JSC Engineering: HSF Exploration Systems Development • L-8 Is Not: • A program to go to Mars • Another Technology Road-Mapping effort • L-8 Is: • A way to translate Agency Technology Roadmaps and Architectures/Scenarios into a meaningful path for JSC Engineering to follow. • A way of focusing Engineering’s efforts and L-8 identifying our dependencies • A way to ensure Engineering personnel are ready to step up
    [Show full text]
  • The Esa Exploration Programme – Exomars and Beyond
    Lunar and Planetary Science XXXVI (2005) 2408.pdf THE ESA EXPLORATION PROGRAMME – EXOMARS AND BEYOND. G. Kminek1 and the Exploration Team, 1European Space Agency, D/HME, Keplerlaan 1, 2200 AG Noordwijk, The Netherlands, [email protected]. Management and Organization: The countries Technology Development for Exploration: Two participating in the European Exploration Programme categories for exploration technology developments Aurora have recently confirmed and increased their have been identified: contribution. The ESA Council has later approved the Generic Exploration Technology: They have a Agency’s budgets for 2005, including the budget for long-term strategic value, both for robotic and human Aurora. These developments enable major industrial exploration missions. Planetary protection, habitable activities to continue in line with original plans. These systems, risk assessment for human missions to planets, include work on the ExoMars mission and the Mars grey and black water recycling as well as psychological Sample Return mission, in-orbit assembly, rendezvous support for the Concordia Antarctic Station, Facility and docking, habitation and life support systems plus a for Integrated Planetary Exploration Simulations are broad range of technology development work. examples of selected generic exploration technologies. The Aurora Exploration Programme has been inte- Mission Specific Technologies: Specifically devel- grated into the Human Spaceflight and Microgravity oped for the programme’s missions, and will eventually Directorate , which now forms the Human Spaceflight, be implemented after reaching a minimum technology Microgravity, and Exploration Directorate of ESA. readiness level. EVD, sealing and sealing monitoring Early Robotic Missions: Robotic mission have technology, containment technology, specific instru- been identified as necessary prerequisite before send- ment developments, sample handling and distribution ing human to Mars.
    [Show full text]