Music at the French Royal Court | LG 16 MOURET: Rondeau, from Suite De Symphonies
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eom11eSH•FM 4PP.indd ii 10/27/10 3:16:04 PM ELEVENTH EDITION The Enjoyment of Music SHORTER VERSION eom11eSH•FM 4PP.indd i 10/27/10 3:16:04 PM eom11eSH•FM 4PP.indd ii 10/27/10 3:16:04 PM ELEVENTH EDITION The Enjoyment of Music An Introduction to Perceptive Listening SHORTER VERSION Kristine Forney Professor of Music, California State University, Long Beach Joseph Machlis Late Professor Emeritus, Queens College of the City University of New York B W. W. NORTON & COMPANY • NEW YORK • LONDON eom11eSH•FM 4PP.indd iii 10/27/10 3:16:04 PM W. W. Norton & Company has been independent since its founding in 1923, when William Warder rst published lectures delivered at the People’s Institute, the adult rm soon expanded its program beyond the In- stitute, publishing books by celebrated academics from America and abroad. By mid-century, the two major rmly established. In the 1950s, comparable number of trade, college, and professional titles published each year—W. W. Norton & Company stands as the largest and oldest publishing house owned wholly by its employees. for Earle Fenton Palmer Copyright (c) 2011, 2007, 2003, 1999, 1995, 1990, 1984, 1977, 1970, 1963, 1955 by W. W. Norton & Company, Inc. Copyright (c) 1991, 1983 by Joseph Machlis All rights reserved Printed in the United States of America Editor: Maribeth Payne Developmental, Project, and Copy Editor: Kathryn Talalay Managing Editor, College: Marian Johnson Electronic Media Editor: Steve Hoge Marketing Manager: Amber Chow Photo Editor: Junenoire Mitchell Photo Researcher: Julie Tesser Ancillary Editor: Allison Courtney Hirschey Editorial Assistant: Ariella Foss Art Director: Hope Miller Goodell Designer: Lisa Buckley Design Senior Production Manager: Jane Searle Music Typesetter: David Botwinik Page Layout: Carole Desnoes eld Indexer: Marilyn Bliss Composition: TexTech International Manufacturing: Courier, Kendallville Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Forney, Kristine. The enjoyment of music: an introduction to perceptive listening / Kristine Forney, Joseph Machlis. — 11th ed., shorter version p. cm. Includes index. ISBN: 978-0-393-93415-1 (pbk.) 1. Music appreciation. I. Machlis, Joseph, 1906–1998. II.Title. MT90.M23 2011b 780—dc22 2010038437 ISBN: 978-0-393-12015-8 (pdf. ebook) W. W. Norton & Company, Inc., 500 Fifth Avenue, New York, NY 10110 www.norton.com W. W. Norton & Company Ltd., Castle House, 75/76 Wells Street, London W1T 3QT 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 Contents Listening Guides xiii Listening Activities xv Here & There, Then & Now xvi Online Video and iMusic Examples xvii Videos xvii iMusic xvii Preface: The Enjoyment of Music Package xix Part I Materials of Music 3 PRELUDE 1 Listening to Music Today 4 LISTENING ACTIVITY: A Preview | MEET THE PERFORMERS: Wynton Marsalis | MEET THE PERFORMERS: Lang Lang CHAPTER 1 Melody: Musical Line 9 The Structure of Melody | LISTENING ACTIVITY: Melody CHAPTER 2 Rhythm and Meter: Musical Time 13 Metrical Patterns | LISTENING ACTIVITY: Rhythm CHAPTER 3 Harmony: Musical Space 17 The Organization of Harmony | Consonance and Dissonance | LISTENING ACTIVITY: Harmony CHAPTER 4 The Organization of Musical Sounds 20 The Formation of Major and Minor Scales | Diatonic and Chromatic Scales | Other Scale Types | The Major-Minor System | The Key as a Form-Building Element | LISTENING ACTIVITY: Musical Scales and Key CHAPTER 5 Musical Texture 26 Types of Texture | Contrapuntal Devices | Musical Texture and the Listener | LISTENING ACTIVITY: Texture CHAPTER 6 Musical Form 30 Structure and Design in Music | Two-Part and Three-Part Form | The Building Blocks of Form | LISTENING ACTIVITY: Musical Form v eom11eSH•FM 4PP.indd v 10/27/10 3:16:04 PM vi Contents CHAPTER 7 Musical Expression: Tempo and Dynamics 35 The Pace of Music | Loudness and Softness | Tempo and Dynamics as Elements of Musical Expression | LISTENING ACTIVITY: Tempo and Dynamics CHAPTER 8 Voices and Musical Instrument Families 39 Musical Timbre | The Voice as Instrument | MEET THE PERFORMERS: Luciano Pavarotti | The World of Musical Instruments | MEET THE PERFORMERS: Anoushka Shankar | LISTENING ACTIVITY: Voices CHAPTER 9 Western Musical Instruments 43 String Instruments | MEET THE PERFORMERS: Yo-Yo Ma | Woodwind Instruments | MEET THE PERFORMERS: James Galway | Brass Instruments | MEET THE PERFORMERS: Carol Jantsch | Percussion Instruments | MEET THE PERFORMERS: Evelyn Glennie | Keyboard Instruments | LISTENING ACTIVITY: Western Instruments CHAPTER 10 Musical Ensembles 53 Choral Groups | MEET THE PERFORMERS: The King’s Singers | Instrumental Chamber Ensembles | MEET THE PERFORMERS: The Ying Quartet | MEET THE PERFORMERS: The Silk Road Ensemble | The Orchestra | Concert, Jazz, and Rock Bands | The Role of the Conductor | MEET THE PERFORMERS: Gustavo Dudamel | LG 1 BRITTEN: The Young Person’s Guide to the Orchestra | The Orchestra in Action | LISTENING ACTIVITY: Reviewing Ensembles CHAPTER 11 Style and Function of Music in Society 63 HTTN 1: The Role of Music in Society | The Concept of Style | Musical Styles in History | LISTENING ACTIVITY: Comparing Styles 1 Historical Periods Part 2 Medieval and Renaissance Music 69 Timeline: Medieval/Renaisance PRELUDE 2 The Culture of the Middle Ages and Renaissance 70 The Medieval Church | The Arts in the Renaissance | Musicians in Medieval and Renaissance Society CHAPTER 12 Sacred Music in the Middle Ages 75 The Mass | Life in the Medieval Cloister | The Music of Hildegard of Bingen | LG 2 HILDEGARD OF BINGEN: Alleluia, O virga mediatrix | The Rise of Polyphony | LG 3 NOTRE DAME SCHOOL: Gaude Maria virgo | LISTENING ACTIVITY: Comparing Styles of Sacred Music CHAPTER 13 Secular Music in the Middle Ages 82 Medieval Minstrels | LG 4 ANONYMOUS: Sumer is icumen in | Early Instrumental Music | The French Ars nova | LG 5 MACHAUT: Puis qu’en oubli | HTTN 2: Opening Doors to the East eom11eSH•FM 4PP.indd vi 10/27/10 3:16:07 PM Contents vii CHAPTER 14 Renaissance Sacred Music 89 Josquin des Prez and the Motet | LG 6 JOSQUIN: Ave Maria . virgo serena | The Renaissance Mass | Palestrina and the Mass | LG 7 PALESTRINA: Pope Marcellus Mass, Gloria CHAPTER 15 Renaissance Secular Music 96 Music in Court and City Life | The Italian Madrigal | LG 8 ARCADELT: Il bianco e dolce cigno | The English Madrigal | LG 9 FARMER: Fair Phyllis | Instrumental Dance Music | LG 10 SUSATO: Three Dances | LISTENING ACTIVITY: Comparing Styles 2 Medieval, Renaissance, and Baroque Part 3 The Baroque Era 105 Timeline: Baroque Era PRELUDE 3 The Baroque Spirit 106 Main Currents in Baroque Music | The Rise of the Virtuoso Musician | HTTN 3: The Rise of the Professional Female Singer CHAPTER 16 Baroque Opera and Its Components 113 The Components of Opera | The Spread of Opera | LG 11 PURCELL: Dido and Aeneas | Barbara Strozzi and the Baroque Aria | LG 12 STROZZI: Amor dormiglione CHAPTER 17 The Baroque Cantata and Oratorio 120 Bach and the Church Cantata | LG 13 BACH: Cantata No. 140, Wachet auf | Handel and the Oratorio | LG 14 HANDEL: Messiah | LISTENING ACTIVITY: Reviewing Baroque Vocal Genres CHAPTER 18 Baroque Instruments and the Suite 130 The Rise of Instrumental Music | The Baroque Suite | Handel and the Orchestral Suite | LG 15 HANDEL: Water Music | Music at the French Royal Court | LG 16 MOURET: Rondeau, from Suite de symphonies CHAPTER 19 The Baroque Concerto 136 Antonio Vivaldi and the Solo Concerto | LG 17 VIVALDI: The Four Seasons CHAPTER 20 Other Baroque Instrumental Music 140 Baroque Keyboard Instruments | Keyboard Forms | The Fugue and Its Devices | Bach’s Keyboard Fugues | LG 18 BACH: Contrapunctus 1, from The Art of Fugue | Looking Ahead to the Classical Era | LISTENING ACTIVITY: Comparing Styles 3 Baroque to Classical eom11eSH•FM 4PP.indd vii 11/19/10 12:26:47 PM viii Contents Part 4 Eighteenth-Century Classicism 149 Timeline: Classical Era PRELUDE 4 Classicism in the Arts 150 Classicism in Music | Elements of Classical Style | The Patronage System CHAPTER 21 The Development of Classical Forms 155 Expanding Musical Ideas | Classical Forms | LISTENING ACTIVITY: Thematic Development | The First Movement | The Second Movement | The Third Movement | The Fourth Movement | The Multimovement Cycle as a Whole | LISTENING ACTIVITY: Hearing Larger Forms CHAPTER 22 Classical Chamber Music 163 The String Quartet | LG 19 HAYDN: String Quartet, Op. 76, No. 3 (Emperor) | Mozart and Chamber Music | LG 20 MOZART: Eine kleine Nachtmusik CHAPTER 23 The Classical Symphony 170 Historical Background | The Classical Orchestra | The Movements of the Symphony | Haydn and the Symphony | LG 21 HAYDN: Symphony No. 100 in G major (Military) | Beethoven and the Symphony in Transition | LG 22 BEETHOVEN: Symphony No. 5 in C minor | HTTN 4: Beethoven and the Politics of Music CHAPTER 24 The Classical Concerto 182 The Movements of the Concerto | LG 23 MOZART: Piano Concerto in G major, K. 453 | Famous Women Virtuosos | LISTENING ACTIVITY: Mozart and the Concerto CHAPTER 25 The Sonata in the Classical Era 186 The Movements of the Sonata | LG 24 BEETHOVEN: Piano Sonata in C-sharp minor, Op. 27, No. 2 (Moonlight) CHAPTER 26 Classical Choral Music and Opera 189 Mass, Requiem, and Oratorio | Classical Opera | HTTN 5: Mozart and the World of Opera | LG 25 MOZART: Don Giovanni | From Classicism to Romanticism | LISTENING ACTIVITY: Comparing Styles 4 Classical to Romantic Part 5 The Nineteenth Century 203 Timeline: Romantic Era PRELUDE 5 The Spirit of Romanticism 204 French Revolution | Romantic Writers and Artists | Romanticism in Music | Romantic Style Traits | The Musician in Society eom11eSH•FM