Aldermaston/Burghfield, 2002 2003
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Radiological Habits Survey: Aldermaston/Burghfi eld, 2002 2003 Environment Report RL01/03 Radiological Habits Survey: Aldermaston/Burghfield, 2002 The Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science Lowestoft Laboratory Pakefield Road Lowestoft Suffolk NR33 0HT J. R. Tipple, K. A. McTaggart, M. Sherlock and M. R. Allison 2003 The work described in this report was carried out under contract to the Environment Agency, the Food Standards Agency and the Health and Safety Executive. CEFAS contracts C1659, RB103 and C1666 respectively. EA Project PO070206680, FSA Project RP0183 and HSE Project NS/X/374 2 SUMMARY 6 1 INTRODUCTION 8 1.1 Regulatory framework 8 1.2 Radiological protection framework 9 2 THE SURVEY 11 2.1 Site activity 11 2.2 Survey objectives 11 2.3 Survey areas 13 2.4 Conduct of the survey 14 3 METHODS FOR DATA ANALYSIS 16 3.1 Data recording 16 3.2 Data analysis 18 4 AQUATIC RADIATION PATHWAYS 20 4.1 Aquatic survey areas 20 4.2 Commercial fisheries 22 4.3 Angling 22 4.4 Other aquatic food pathways 22 4.5 Internal exposure 23 4.6 External exposure 25 4.7 Water based activities 26 5 TERRESTRIAL RADIATION PATHWAYS 28 5.1 Terrestrial survey area 28 5.2 Terrestrial food wholesalers and retailers 29 5.3 Internal exposure 30 6 ALDERMASTON DIRECT RADIATION 33 6.1 Direct radiation survey area 33 6.2 Residential activities 33 6.3 Leisure activities 33 6.4 Commercial activities 34 6.5 Occupancy times 34 6.6 Gamma dose rate measurements 35 7 BURGHFIELD DIRECT RADIATION 36 7.1 Direct radiation survey area 36 7.2 Residential activities 36 7.3 Leisure activities 36 7.4 Commercial activities 36 7.5 Occupancy times 37 7.6 Gamma dose rate measurements 37 8 COMBINED PATHWAYS 39 9 CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS 40 9.1 Survey findings 40 9.2 Comparisons with previous surveys 42 9.3 Recommendations for environmental monitoring 44 10 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 46 11 REFERENCES 47 3 FIGURES Figure 1 The aquatic habits survey locations in the Aldermaston area Figure 2 The Pangbourne section of the River Thames Figure 3 The Silchester Sewage Treatment Plant, the Foudry Brook and the Aldermaston Stream related waterways Figure 4 The Aldermaston/Burghfield terrestrial survey area Figure 5 The Aldermaston direct radiation survey area Figure 6 The Burghfield direct radiation survey area TABLES Table 1 Typical food groups used in habits surveys Table 2 Adult consumption rates of freshwater fish in the Aldermaston/Burghfield area (kg/y) Table 3 Adult consumption rates of freshwater crustaceans in the Aldermaston/Burghfield area (kg/y) Table 4 Children's consumption rates of freshwater fish in the Aldermaston/Burghfield area (kg/y) Table 5 Children's consumption rates of freshwater crustaceans in the Aldermaston/Burghfield area (kg/y) Table 6 Summary of adult’s consumption rates in the Aldermaston/Burghfield area (kg or l/y) Table 7 Summary of 15 year old children’s consumption rates in the Aldermaston/Burghfield area (kg or l/y) Table 8 Summary of 10 year old children’s consumption rates in the Aldermaston/Burghfield area (kg or l/y) Table 9 Summary of 5 year old children’s consumption rates in the Aldermaston/Burghfield area (kg or l/y) Table 10 Summary of 1 year old children’s consumption rates in the Aldermaston/Burghfield area (kg or l/y) Table 11 Adult consumption rates of green vegetables in the Aldermaston/Burghfield area (kg/y) Table 12 Adult consumption rates of other vegetables in the Aldermaston/Burghfield area (kg/y) Table 13 Adult consumption rates of root vegetables in the Aldermaston/Burghfield area (kg/y) Table 14 Adult consumption rates of potatoes in the Aldermaston/Burghfield area (kg/y) Table 15 Adult consumption rates of domestic fruit in the Aldermaston/Burghfield area (kg/y) Table 16 Adult consumption rates of milk in the Aldermaston/Burghfield area (l/y) Table 17 Adult consumption rates of cattle meat in the Aldermaston/Burghfield area (kg/y) Table 18 Adult consumption rates of pig meat in the Aldermaston/Burghfield area (kg/y) Table 19 Adult consumption rates of sheep meat in the Aldermaston/Burghfield area (kg/y) Table 20 Adult consumption rates of poultry in the Aldermaston/Burghfield area (kg/y) Table 21 Adult consumption rates of eggs in the Aldermaston/Burghfield area (kg/y) Table 22 Adult consumption rates of wild/free foods in the Aldermaston/Burghfield area (kg/y) Table 23 Adult consumption rates of rabbits/hares in the Aldermaston/Burghfield area (kg/y) Table 24 Adult consumption rates of honey in the Aldermaston/Burghfield area (kg/y) Table 25 Adult consumption rates of wild fungi in the Aldermaston/Burghfield area (kg/y) Table 26 Adult consumption rates of venison in the Aldermaston/Burghfield area (kg/y) Table 27 Children’s consumption rates of green vegetables in the Aldermaston/Burghfield area (kg/y) 4 Table 28 Children’s consumption rates of other vegetables in the Aldermaston/Burghfield area (kg/y) Table 29 Children's consumption rates of root vegetables in the Aldermaston/Burghfield area (kg/y) Table 30 Children's consumption rates of potatoes in the Aldermaston/Burghfield area (kg/y) Table 31 Children's consumption rates of domestic fruit in the Aldermaston/Burghfield area (kg/y) Table 32 Children’s consumption rates of milk in the Aldermaston/Burghfield area (l/y) Table 33 Children's consumption rates of cattle meat in the Aldermaston/Burghfield area (kg/y) Table 34 Children's consumption rates of pig meat in the Aldermaston/Burghfield area (kg/y) Table 35 Children's consumption rates of sheep meat in the Aldermaston/Burghfield area (kg/y) Table 36 Children's consumption rates of poultry in the Aldermaston/Burghfield area (kg/y) Table 37 Children's consumption rates of eggs in the Aldermaston/Burghfield area (kg/y) Table 38 Children's consumption rates of wild/free foods in the Aldermaston/Burghfield area (kg/y) Table 39 Children's consumption rates of rabbits/hares in the Aldermaston/Burghfield area (kg/y) Table 40 Children's consumption rates of honey in the Aldermaston/Burghfield area (kg/y) Table 41 Children's consumption rates of wild fungi in the Aldermaston/Burghfield area (kg/y) Table 42 Children's consumption rates of venison in the Aldermaston/Burghfield area (kg/y) Table 43 Percentage contribution each terrestrial food type makes to its food group for adults Table 44 Occupancy times in the Aldermaston direct radiation survey area (h/y) Table 45 Analysis of direct radiation exposure in the Aldermaston area Table 46 Gamma dose rates measurements in the Aldermaston direct radiation survey area (µGy /h) Table 47 Occupancy times in the Burghfield direct radiation survey area (h/y) Table 48 Analysis of direct radiation exposure in the Burghfield area Table 49 Gamma dose rates measurements in the Burghfield direct radiation survey area (µGy /h) Table 50 Examples of food group combinations eaten and external exposure by adults for consideration for dose assessment purposes ANNEXES Annex 1 Adult’s consumption rates (kg or l/y) and occupancy times (h/y) in the Aldermaston/Burghfield area Annex 2 Children’s consumption rates (kg or l/y) and occupancy times (h/y) in the Aldermaston/Burghfield area Annex 3 Ratios for determining consumption rates for children 5 SUMMARY This report presents the results of a survey conducted in 2002 into the habits and consumption patterns of people living and working in the vicinity of the Atomic Weapons Establishment (AWE) at Aldermaston and the AWE at Burghfield. Both defence-related establishments are licensed to operate under the Nuclear Installations Act, 1965. Under the Radioactive Substances Act, 1993 both sites are authorised to discharge gaseous radioactive wastes to the atmosphere and the Aldermaston site is authorised to discharge liquid radioactive wastes into the River Thames at Pangbourne, the Foudry Brook via the Silchester Sewage Treatment Plant and the Aldermaston Stream (which flows into the River Kennet). Potential exposure pathways related to these sites included: • consumption of locally sourced terrestrial and freshwater foods • occupancy of buildings and the surrounding areas relating to direct radiation • occupancy of waterways and bank side activities • handling commercial fishing gear (e.g. eel nets and crayfish pots) • processing of sewage sludge from the Silchester Sewage Treatment Plant The survey investigated all of these pathways. Individuals from the local population were interviewed and the data obtained are presented and discussed. High consumption rates were found in the following food groups: green vegetables, other vegetables, root vegetables, milk, cattle meat, poultry, eggs and honey. Also consumed were potatoes, domestic fruit, pig meat, sheep meat, wild/free foods, rabbits/hares, wild fungi, venison, freshwater trout and crayfish. Occupancy habits included those related to residential, employment and recreational activities. The main activities relating to freshwater locations included canoeing and boating, angling and a commercial crayfish business. In the terrestrial environment up to 5 km from the 6 site, the main activities included farming, gardening and allotment maintenance. Within 1 km of the site perimeter, the main occupancies related to employment and residences. The data from the survey are presented in full for each individual in order to assist in assessments of the additive effects of exposures from multiple pathways. The information recorded during interviews was processed in 2 different ways to identify high rates appropriate to the various aquatic and terrestrial pathways. One method estimated a representative figure for each pathway by selecting a group at the upper end of the distribution of observations. The other chose the 97.5 percentile rate from the distribution. Comparisons are made with the results from previous surveys. No previous Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science (CEFAS) surveys have been conducted around the Burghfield site, therefore comparisons only apply to the Aldermaston site.