EXPERIENCING & DISCOVERING Educational kit THE OLYMPIC GAMES SPECIAL PYEONGCHANG 2018 Contents Introduction & presentation of the document 3 The Olympic Games PyeongChang 2018 5-16 History and culture of the host country, South Korea 17-28 Activities to try in class 29-44 Publisher © IOC, The Olympic Museum, Lausanne 1st edition, 2017 Author Aurélie Gaullet Moissenet English translation Jill Metcalfe Graphic design Yona Lee SA Image copyright © IOC or as specified under each image This document is available in French, English and German. Available to download from www.olympic.org/pedagogie Experiencing & discovering the Olympic Games Special PyeongChang 2018 2 Introduction & presentation of the document The Olympic Winter Games PyeongChang 2018 Thirty years after hosting the Summer Games in its capital city, Seoul, the Republic of Korea will welcome the Olympic and Paralympic Winter Games 2018 to the city of PyeongChang. Hosting this global event places South Korea in the media spotlight, and brings it to the at- tention of the public worldwide. As host of an event with universal resonance and international scope, Korea is drawing upon its rich culture to present itself to the world. “Experiencing and discovering the Olym- The purpose of this dossier is to show pic Games: PyeongChang 2018”, designed how the Olympic values and the culture by the Olympic Museum, provides teach- of the host country have been incor- ers with: porated into the 2018 Olympic Winter Games. The themes are designed to link • vital information about the 23rd Olympic with educational curricula in a variety of Winter Games; ways, and awaken student’s curiosity, • an introduction to Korean culture while familiarising them with the Olym- as it affects the Games; pic Games. • classroom activities for pupils aged 6 to 11 and 12 to 15. ENJOY YOUR JOURNEY TO PYEONGCHANG 2018! Experiencing & discovering the Olympic Games Special PyeongChang 2018 3 SOUTH KOREA Profiles Name: Republic of Korea Capital: Seoul Russia 2 Area: 99,720 km China Population: 51.25 million North Korea Population density: 513 inhabitants/km2 Republic of Korea Language: Korean Japan Currency: won Flag: the Taegeukki National animal: tiger National flower: hibiscus (mugunghwa) PYEONGCHANG Name: PyeongChang Province: Gangwon Area: 146,300 ha = 1,463 km2 Population: 43,666 Population density: 30 inhabitants/km2 Aims of the PyeongChang 2018 educational To show how countries present themselves to the dossier world through the graphical identity they create for the Olympic Games. To introduce the sports in the Olympic Winter Games, and point out original features of the PyeongChang 2018 programme. To show how Korean culture is portrayed through the 23rd Olympic Winter Games. Experiencing & discovering the Olympic Games Special PyeongChang 2018 4 Part 1: The Olympic Games PyeongChang 2018 Experiencing & discovering the Olympic Games Special PyeongChang 2018 5 Part 1: The PyeongChang Games A brief overview of PyeongChang 2018 Let’s start at the beginning: What, when and where is PyeongChang 2018? When? The Olympic Winter Games in Pyeong- The previous Olympic Winter Games Chang take place from 9 to 25 February were held in 2014 in Sochi, Russia, 2018. The Paralympic Games run from and the next will take place in Beijing, 9 to 18 March 2018. China, in 2022. 9-25 February The Olympic Winter Games - 9-18 March The Paralympic Games Where? The city of PyeongChang is in Gangwon • The Gangneung Coastal Cluster (on Province, 180 km east of Seoul, in a the east coast, 37 km from Pyeong- mountainous region that is known for Chang). This cluster will host the ice sports (speed skating, ice hockey, winter sports. curling, etc.). • Other venues include the Olympic The city of The events will be centred around two Villages, where the athletes and PyeongChang main clusters: officials stay, the International - Broadcast Centre, the Main Press Gangwon • The PyeongChang mountain cluster, Centre and the official training Province at 700m altitude. This includes the venues. - Olympic stadium, the Alpensia Cen- 180km east tre, the Yongpyong and Jeongseon of Seoul Alpine Centres, and the Bokwang Snow Park. These venues are for snow sports (skiing, snowboard, biathlon) and sliding sports (luge, skeleton and bobsleigh). Experiencing & discovering the Olympic Games Special PyeongChang 2018 6 Part 1: The PyeongChang Games What? Who? Korea is expecting more than 50,000 The Paralympic Games will involve 1,550 people to be involved in the Olympic athletes from 45 countries in 6 sports, Games, including around 6,300 athletes competing for 80 gold medals. and officials from 95 countries, plus or- ganising staff. Athletes will compete in 50,000 seven sports, subdivided into 15 disci- participants plines, for the chance to win a total of - 102 gold medals. 2,900 athletes How? South Korea has been working towards In order to be able to provide transport hosting the Winter Games for seven for the participants, Korea has invest- years, making preparations and building ed in roads, highways and high-speed Less than the Olympic venues. Many of these were rail lines. The KTX (Korea’s high-speed 2 hours existing venues that needed adapting to train) connects Incheon international with the KTX the requirements of such a major event, airport near Seoul with the coastal city but others have been built specially for of Gangneung in less than two hours. the Games. Athletes and spectators can reach every Olympic site in under an hour, which is key to helping them concentrate and keeping them in a good mood! Why? On 6 July 2011, the International Olym- What advantages does PyeongChang pic Committee (IOC) elected Pyeong- have? High-quality snow, ideal climate Chang as host city of the XXIII Olympic (cold enough to ensure the snow stays), Winter Games, on the first round of vot- pre-existing facilities and a compact Ideal climate ing. It was the end of a long road for footprint for the Olympic venues. - PyeongChang, which was bidding for Pre-existing the third time! PyeongChang is the third facilities Asian city to host the Olympic Winter Games, after Sapporo (1972) and Naga- no (1998), both in Japan. Experiencing & discovering the Olympic Games Special PyeongChang 2018 7 Part 1: The PyeongChang Games Opening up New Horizons The Organising Committee of the Py- This is key to ensuring the Olympic eongChang Olympic Games wants to venues continue to be used after the open up “New Horizons” in the host Games, an important element for sus- region, making it a major pillar of the tainability. national economy by becoming an in- ternational winter sports destination. Coastal Cluster 1 2 Gangneung Mountain Cluster PyeongChang 3 4 1. Alpensia Sliding Centre. © 2017 / PyeongChang Organising Committee for the Olympic Winter Games 2018 (POCOG) 2. Map with the two olympic main venues. 3. Yongpyong Alpine Centre. © 2017 / PyeongChang Organising Committee for the Olympic Winter Games 2018 (POCOG) 4. Gangneung Hockey Centre during preparations for the Games. © 2017 / International Olympic Committee (IOC) Say “23rd” The first Olympic Games of modern pic Winter Games were organised. This times took place in 1896 in Athens is why there’s a difference in the num- (Greece), after they were revived by bering of the Olympiads – the Games of Baron Pierre de Coubertin. At that time, the XXXI Olympiad took place in 2016 however, only summer sports were on in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, while the XX- the programme. It was not until 1924 in III Winter Games will be taking place in Chamonix (France) that the first Olym- PyeongChang. Experiencing & discovering the Olympic Games Special PyeongChang 2018 8 Part 1: The PyeongChang Games Snow and ice Seven sports, 15 disciplines – how many events? Let’s find out more about the programme of the Olympic Winter Games for 2018. What’s on the programme? The Olympic Charter (2017 version) defines Each discipline includes a number of winter sports as “sports which are prac- events. In Alpine skiing, for example, tised on snow or ice.” So far, so good. athletes can compete in: Seven winter sports are officially on the • downhill Olympic programme: • Super-G • slalom • biathlon • giant slalom • curling • Alpine combined. • ice hockey • luge If we include all the men’s, women’s • bobsleigh and mixed (men and women) events in • skiing all the different disciplines, there are • skating 102 gold medals up for grabs! Bobsleigh, skiing and skating each include several disciplines: • bobsleigh: bobsleigh and skeleton. • skiing: Alpine skiing, cross-country skiing, freestyle skiing, Nordic combined, ski jumping and New features snowboarding. The PyeongChang Games will be showcasing • skating: figure skating, speed some new events. In snowboard, both men skating and short-track speed and women will be competing in Big Air, an skating. event that involves boarding down a slope and jumping off some very high jumps to The disciplines most recently added to perform acrobatic tricks. Other new features the official programme are freestyle skiing include a mass start event for men and and short-track speed skating (1988) and women in speed skating, a curling mixed snowboarding (1998). doubles event, and a team Alpine skiing competition. Experiencing & discovering the Olympic Games Special PyeongChang 2018 9 Part 1: The PyeongChang Games Winter sports in Korea South Korea is a mountainous country sports, and bring tourists to the slopes. well-suited to hiking, with relatively low South Korean athletes have competed at peaks (max. 1,500 metres). But Koreans the Olympic Winter Games since 1948 are not born on skis, and relatively few (Saint-Moritz, Switzerland), winning their people practise winter sports. South Ko- first medals in 1992 (Albertville, France). rea’s oldest winter sports resort, Yong- At the Vancouver Games (Canada) in pyong, was founded in 1975. Some of 2010, Korea reached 5th place in the the events at the PyeongChang Games medals table, winning 14 medals, includ- will take place there.