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Remembering Mark Mahowald 1931–2013 COMMUNICATION Remembering Mark Mahowald 1931–2013 Douglas C. Ravenel with contributions by Martin C. Tangora, Stewart B. Priddy, Donald M. Davis, and Mark J. Behrens Introduction Mark Mahowald was a dominant figure in algebraic topol- ogy for decades. After being trained as an analyst he became a self-trained homotopy theorist in the early 1960s. His 1967 AMS Memoir The Metastable Homotopy of 푆푛, with its dozens of charts packed with arcane in- formation, established him as a master of computations related to the homotopy groups of spheres. It came to be known in the field simply as “the red book.” It was the unanimous opinion of experts that he knew this subject far better than anyone else. His insight and intuition were legendary. Countless coworkers benefited from his ideas and advice. Mark first attended college at Carnegie Tech in Pitts- burgh and planned to major in chemical engineering. After two years, knowing that his father could not afford Photo courtesy of Martin Tangora. to support him any longer, he joined the naval ROTC so Mahowald sailing on Lake Michigan with colleague he could support himself with the four-year scholarship Carl Verhey in 1968. that they offered. At the same time he transferred to the University of Minnesota and changed his major to mathematics “because I could get a degree faster that hired four more algebraic topologists and became one way.” of the leading centers of homotopy theory in the world. In 1963 Northwestern hired him as a full professor Mark was the prime mover in the creation of the Midwest at the age of thirty-one. Within a decade Northwestern Topology Seminar, which meets three weekends a year to this day. Doug Ravenel is Fayerweather Professor of Mathematics at He had a lifelong passion for sailing. He built himself a the University of Rochester. His email address is doug@math. small sailboat as a teenager. After moving to Chicago he rochester.edu. became involved in racing on Lake Michigan. He named Martin C. Tangora is retired from the Department of Mathemat- three succesive sailboats Thetajay, a reference to the ics, Statistics, and Computer Science at the University of Illinois at notation 휃 for certain hypothetical elements in the stable Chicago. His email address is [email protected]. 푗 homotopy groups of spheres. Stewart B. Priddy is professor emeritus in the Department of Math- ematics at Northwestern University. His email address is priddy@ math.northwestern.edu. Recollections of Students and Colleagues Donald M. Davis is professor of mathematics at Lehigh University. His email address is [email protected]. Martin C. Tangora Mark Behrens is John and Margaret McAndrews Professor at the When Mark Mahowald came to Northwestern in 1963, I University of Notre Dame. His email address is [email protected]. was very discouraged. It was not at all clear how I could For permission to reprint this article, please contact: finish my PhD before the time limit ran out. Around that [email protected]. time Peter May came to the Chicago area to talk about DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1090/noti1391 his thesis, and Mahowald and Bob Williams told me that 652 Notices of the AMS Volume 63, Number 6 proof, and then founder, and look around at his puzzled audience, and then say, “Well, how about this?” and try a completely different argument. There was also a time when someone asked him about a statement that he had just made in a talk, and Mark said, “Well, that’s trivial. And if you give me a minute, I’ll try to think why it’s trivial.” Once a colleague who tended to use lots of different alphabets on the chalkboard was giving a talk and stopped to look in the lectern desk to see if there was any colored chalk. Mark said, “If you have colored chalk, you can use the same letter for everything!” Mark was not strong on the Greek alphabet. He some- Photo courtesy of ICMS. times would write a squiggle on the board, and if asked, Mahowald (center) with his former students Marty would say, “That’s the universal Greek letter.” (He meant Tangora (left) and Mike Hopkins (right) at a either lowercase zeta or xi.) Once he asked what an upper- conference about the 휃푗s in Edinburgh in April 2011. case xi would look like, and when someone showed him, he said, “That’s perfect! That’s the next best thing to not giving it a name at all.” if I could find a way to use a computer to push the computations in May’s thesis, I could have a thesis of my Stewart B. Priddy own. As a fresh PhD contemplating a job interview at North- The topic was perfect for me, and pretty soon I was western University, I had some questions: “What sort of extending the computations of Ext (by hand), and Mark man is Mark Mahowald?” “What about his mathematics?” was phoning me at night to ask me questions. One got the Answers from my mentors: “Well, he is a big man; a impression that Mark was always working, from before former Marine; a force from the North.” “He is a deep breakfast until late at night. And one quickly got the mathematician, but his arguments are often difficult to impression that he expected, or hoped for, the same follow.” I decided to consult his 1967 AMS Memoir. From diligence from everyone else. Before long, whenever we this it was clear he was adept at computing homotopy saw each other in the hallway, he would ask me, “Any groups of spheres, a notoriously complicated, difficult new theorems?” He asked this with a smile, but it did put subject. It appeared that a profound but elemental force some pressure on. In August my diary says, “I never get was at work here. This and all I had been told turned out any ideas—he gets so many!” to be true, in spades! It was a very productive summer. Every day I would At this time, 1968, Mark was building a group in homo- push Ext a little further and then drop in on Mark in topy theory. Almost every algebraic topologist passing his office, where he would show me stuff that I could through Chicago came to lecture at the weekly seminar not hope to understand. It was to be his famous Memoir. led by Mark, who absolutely insisted on a lecture every But he was also writing our first paper on differentials in week without fail. Hiroshi Toda of Kyoto came for a the Adams spectral sequence, and in his bibliography he year. Watching them draw curlicue cell diagrams was cited my thesis, although I had not even begun to write it, awesomely mystifying. much less know that it would be accepted. Mark was a leading force in the Midwest Topology In June, I had a dream where we had gone to the Seminar, a quarterly Saturday meeting in the Chicago University of Chicago for a seminar, and when we came area with a yearly meeting at other universities in the out of the talk, Mark said to me, “Let me show you what Midwest. For a couple of decades Mark was the coor- I’ve got here.” He pulled a crystal ball out of his pocket dinator for this series, which contributed immensely to and started to pull from it long chains of brightly colored activity in the field. It was always de rigueur to invite an beads and flowers. outside speaker with a hot new result in topology. During One day in November he gave me a problem at 10 a.m., those decades (1970–2000) Northwestern had a series of and when he saw me again at 2 p.m., he asked me, “Any Emphasis Years in various subjects rotating every four progress?” In the meantime I had taught two classes years or so. There were long-term senior visitors and and gone to lunch. This kind of friendly pressure was two junior positions reserved for the year. Because of wonderful but harrowing. Mark’s vigorous leadership, topology got more than its Mark knew that what he considered a proof was not share of these resources. His strategy was to keep an always accepted as such by other mathematicians. I can excellent candidate in the wings in case there was an still hear Frank Adams’s loud protests coming from extra slot available. He was such a dominant player in behind the closed door of Mark’s office when Frank was the department that he often prevailed. Associated with visiting. these years was an international conference where many Once Mark said in a talk, “Is this obvious to everybody?” of the seminal results in the field were exposed for the (pause) “It’s probably true!” Often he would start to give a first time. Gunnar Carlsson described his solution to June/July 2016 Notices of the AMS 653 the immersion problem (that never amounted to much), and he suggested a totally different approach, which I immediately began to study. It involved an inductive argument, largely numerical but with a lot of underlying topology to justify the induction. We were never able to prove the part that he really wanted, one with which he was quite obsessed over the years. In the end, we needed a compatibility condition that he felt should be satisfied, but he could never convince me that it was provable. This was very typical of our work. He had enormous insight but needed people like me to pin it down.
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