USDA Database for the Flavonoid Content of Selected Foods Release
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Department of Planning and Zoning
Department of Planning and Zoning Subject: Howard County Landscape Manual Updates: Recommended Street Tree List (Appendix B) and Recommended Plant List (Appendix C) - Effective July 1, 2010 To: DLD Review Staff Homebuilders Committee From: Kent Sheubrooks, Acting Chief Division of Land Development Date: July 1, 2010 Purpose: The purpose of this policy memorandum is to update the Recommended Plant Lists presently contained in the Landscape Manual. The plant lists were created for the first edition of the Manual in 1993 before information was available about invasive qualities of certain recommended plants contained in those lists (Norway Maple, Bradford Pear, etc.). Additionally, diseases and pests have made some other plants undesirable (Ash, Austrian Pine, etc.). The Howard County General Plan 2000 and subsequent environmental and community planning publications such as the Route 1 and Route 40 Manuals and the Green Neighborhood Design Guidelines have promoted the desirability of using native plants in landscape plantings. Therefore, this policy seeks to update the Recommended Plant Lists by identifying invasive plant species and disease or pest ridden plants for their removal and prohibition from further planting in Howard County and to add other available native plants which have desirable characteristics for street tree or general landscape use for inclusion on the Recommended Plant Lists. Please note that a comprehensive review of the street tree and landscape tree lists were conducted for the purpose of this update, however, only -
Amelanchier Canadensis: Shadblow Serviceberry1 Edward F
ENH233 Amelanchier canadensis: Shadblow Serviceberry1 Edward F. Gilman and Dennis G. Watson2 Introduction Availability: somewhat available, may have to go out of the region to find the tree Downy serviceberry is an upright, twiggy, multi-stemmed large shrub, eventually reaching 20 to 25 feet in height with a spread of 15 to 20 feet. This North American native is usually the first to be noticed in the forest or garden at springtime, the pure white, glistening flowers some of the earliest to appear among the many other dull brown, leafless, and still-slumbering trees. The small white flowers are produced in dense, erect, two- to three-inch-long racemes, opening up to a delicate display before the attrac- tive reddish-purple buds unfold into small, rounded leaves. These leaves are covered with a fine, soft grey fuzz when young, giving the plant its common name, but will mature into smooth, dark green leaves later. Following the blooms are many small, luscious, dark red/purple, sweet and juicy, apple-shaped fruits, often well hidden by the dark green leaves, and which would be popular with people were they not so quickly consumed by birds and other wildlife who seem to find their flavor irresistible. General Information Figure 1. Young Amelanchier canadensis: Shadblow Serviceberry Scientific name: Amelanchier canadensis Pronunciation: am-meh-LANG-kee-er kan-uh-DEN-sis Description Common name(s): Shadblow serviceberry Height: 20 to 25 feet Family: Rosaceae Spread: 15 to 20 feet USDA hardiness zones: 4A through 7B (Fig. 2) Crown uniformity: symmetrical Origin: native to North America Crown shape: upright/erect Invasive potential: little invasive potential Crown density: open Uses: specimen; deck or patio; container or planter Growth rate: moderate Texture: fine 1. -
13 Emes Nurzynska
ISSN 1644-0692 www.acta.media.pl Acta Sci. Pol. Hortorum Cultus, 15(1) 2016, 149-159 THE CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF THE ESSENTIAL OIL OF LEAF CELERY (Apium graveolens L. VAR. Secalinum ALEF .) UNDER THE PLANTS’ IRRIGATION AND HARVESTING METHOD Ewa Ro żek, Renata Nurzy ńska-Wierdak, Andrzej Sałata, Piotr Gumiela University of Life Sciences on Lublin Abstract. Qualitative and quantitative composition of the essential oil is subject to differ- ent types of variability. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of irrigation and harvest date on the content and composition of essential oil distilled from leaves, petioles and leaf blades of Apium graveolens L. var. secalinum Alef. Drip irrigation was carried out twice in the third 10 days of July and twice in the third 10 days of August. A single dose of water was 20 mm. The raw material was harvested on September 7 and October 17, thus collecting leaves after 120 and 161 days of plant growth, respectively. Irrigation increased the concentration of volatile substances in leaf blades (0.68%) and decreased the content of these components in petioles (0.24%). Celery leaves harvested in October contained significantly less essential oil (0.34%) compared to those collected in the first 10 days of September (0.53%). Monoterpenes proved to be the main fraction in the essen- tial oil of leaf celery, limonene and myrcene being predominant among them. Most limo- nene (75.77%) was found in petioles of irrigated plants. Leaves of irrigated plants con- tained more limonene and less myrcene compared to leaves of non-irrigated plants. -
Dietary Plant Polyphenols: Effects of Food Processing on Their Content and Bioavailability
molecules Review Dietary Plant Polyphenols: Effects of Food Processing on Their Content and Bioavailability Leila Arfaoui Department of Clinical Nutrition, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 80324, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; [email protected]; Tel.: +966-0126401000 (ext. 41612) Abstract: Dietary plant polyphenols are natural bioactive compounds that are increasingly attracting the attention of food scientists and nutritionists because of their nutraceutical properties. In fact, many studies have shown that polyphenol-rich diets have protective effects against most chronic diseases. However, these health benefits are strongly related to both polyphenol content and bioavailability, which in turn depend on their origin, food matrix, processing, digestion, and cellular metabolism. Although most fruits and vegetables are valuable sources of polyphenols, they are not usually con- sumed raw. Instead, they go through some processing steps, either industrially or domestically (e.g., cooling, heating, drying, fermentation, etc.), that affect their content, bioaccessibility, and bioavail- ability. This review summarizes the status of knowledge on the possible (positive or negative) effects of commonly used food-processing techniques on phenolic compound content and bioavailability in fruits and vegetables. These effects depend on the plant type and applied processing parameters (type, duration, media, and intensity). This review attempts to shed light on the importance of more comprehensive dietary guidelines that consider the recommendations of processing parameters to take full advantage of phenolic compounds toward healthier foods. Citation: Arfaoui, L. Dietary Plant Keywords: plant polyphenols; food processing; phenolic content; bioavailability; bioaccessibility Polyphenols: Effects of Food Processing on Their Content and Bioavailability. Molecules 2021, 26, 2959. -
Monocyclic Phenolic Acids; Hydroxy- and Polyhydroxybenzoic Acids: Occurrence and Recent Bioactivity Studies
Molecules 2010, 15, 7985-8005; doi:10.3390/molecules15117985 OPEN ACCESS molecules ISSN 1420-3049 www.mdpi.com/journal/molecules Review Monocyclic Phenolic Acids; Hydroxy- and Polyhydroxybenzoic Acids: Occurrence and Recent Bioactivity Studies Shahriar Khadem * and Robin J. Marles Natural Health Products Directorate, Health Products and Food Branch, Health Canada, 2936 Baseline Road, Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0K9, Canada * Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: [email protected]; Tel.: +1-613-954-7526; Fax: +1-613-954-1617. Received: 19 October 2010; in revised form: 3 November 2010 / Accepted: 4 November 2010 / Published: 8 November 2010 Abstract: Among the wide diversity of naturally occurring phenolic acids, at least 30 hydroxy- and polyhydroxybenzoic acids have been reported in the last 10 years to have biological activities. The chemical structures, natural occurrence throughout the plant, algal, bacterial, fungal and animal kingdoms, and recently described bioactivities of these phenolic and polyphenolic acids are reviewed to illustrate their wide distribution, biological and ecological importance, and potential as new leads for the development of pharmaceutical and agricultural products to improve human health and nutrition. Keywords: polyphenols; phenolic acids; hydroxybenzoic acids; natural occurrence; bioactivities 1. Introduction Phenolic compounds exist in most plant tissues as secondary metabolites, i.e. they are not essential for growth, development or reproduction but may play roles as antioxidants and in interactions between the plant and its biological environment. Phenolics are also important components of the human diet due to their potential antioxidant activity [1], their capacity to diminish oxidative stress- induced tissue damage resulted from chronic diseases [2], and their potentially important properties such as anticancer activities [3-5]. -
Total Phenolic, Total Flavonoid, Tannin Content, and Antioxidant Capacity of Halimium Halimifolium (Cistaceae)
Journal of Applied Pharmaceutical Science Vol. 5 (01), pp. 052-057, January, 2014 Available online at http://www.japsonline.com DOI: 10.7324/JAPS.2015.50110 ISSN 2231-3354 Total Phenolic, Total Flavonoid, Tannin Content, and Antioxidant Capacity of Halimium halimifolium (Cistaceae) Ahlem Rebaya1*, Souad Igueld Belghith2, Béatrice Baghdikian3, Valérie Mahiou Leddet 3, Fathi Mabrouki3, Evelyne Olivier3, Jamila kalthoum Cherif1, 4, Malika Trabelsi Ayadi 1 Laboratory of Applications of Chemical Resources, Natural Substances and the Environment (LACReSNE), Faculty of Sciences of Bizerte, 7021 Zarzouna - Bizerte, Tunisia. 2 Preparatory Institute for Engineering Studies of El-Manar B.P.244 El Manar II - 2092 Tunis, Tunisia. 3 Laboratory of Pharmacognosy and Ethnopharmacology, UMR-MD3, Faculty of Pharmacy, Aix-Marseille University, 27 Bd Jean Moulin, CS 30064, 13385, Marseille cedex 5, France. 4 Preparatory Institute for Engineering Studies of Tunis, 2 rue Jawaharlal Nehru, Monfleury, 1008 Tunis, Tunisia. ABSTRACT ARTICLE INFO Article history: This study was carried out to evaluate the phytochemical constituents and antioxidant potential of the leaves and Received on: 23/10/2014 flowers extracts of Halimium halimifolium in order to validate the medicinal potential of this herb. The Revised on: 12/11/2014 antioxidant activity of alcoholic and aqueous extracts was evaluated using 2, 2-diphenyl-l-picrylhydrazyl Accepted on: 09/12/2014 (DPPH), 2, 2’-azinobis- (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) and ferric reducing antioxidant power Available online: 30/01/2015 (FRAP) assays. The total polyphenol, flavonoid and tannin content were determined according respectively to Folin-Ciocalteu method, Zhishen method and Broadhurst method. The leaves of H. halimifolium had greater Key words: antioxidant activity than flowers by DPPH and ABTS assays. -
Natural Sources, Pharmacokinetics, Biological Activities and Health Benefits of Hydroxycinnamic Acids and Their Metabolites
nutrients Review Natural Sources, Pharmacokinetics, Biological Activities and Health Benefits of Hydroxycinnamic Acids and Their Metabolites Matej Sova 1,* and Luciano Saso 2 1 Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, Aškerˇceva7, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia 2 Department of Physiology and Pharmacology "Vittorio Erspamer", Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy; [email protected] * Correspondence: matej.sova@ffa.uni-lj.si; Tel.: +386-1-476-9556 Received: 24 June 2020; Accepted: 22 July 2020; Published: 23 July 2020 Abstract: Hydroxycinnamic acids (HCAs) are important natural phenolic compounds present in high concentrations in fruits, vegetables, cereals, coffee, tea and wine. Many health beneficial effects have been acknowledged in food products rich in HCAs; however, food processing, dietary intake, bioaccessibility and pharmacokinetics have a high impact on HCAs to reach the target tissue in order to exert their biological activities. In particular, metabolism is of high importance since HCAs’ metabolites could either lose the activity or be even more potent compared to the parent compounds. In this review, natural sources and pharmacokinetic properties of HCAs and their esters are presented and discussed. The main focus is on their metabolism along with biological activities and health benefits. Special emphasis is given on specific effects of HCAs’ metabolites in comparison with their parent compounds. Keywords: diet; natural compounds; phenolic acids; hydroxycinnamic acids; metabolites; pharmacokinetic properties; biological activities; health effects 1. Introduction Our diet rich in plant food contains several health-beneficial ingredients. Among such ingredients, polyphenols represent one of the most important natural compounds. Phenolic compounds are members of probably the largest group of plant secondary metabolites and have the main function to protect the plants against ultraviolet radiation or invasion by pathogens [1,2]. -
Flavonoids and Flavan-3-Ol from Aerial Part of Agrimonia Pilosa LEDEB
Journal of Multidisciplinary Engineering Science and Technology (JMEST) ISSN: 2458-9403 Vol. 4 Issue 10, October - 2017 Flavonoids and flavan-3-ol from aerial part of Agrimonia pilosa LEDEB. Hoang Le Tuan Anh Nguyen Van Linh Mientrung Institute for Scientific Research Military Institute of Traditional Medicine Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology 442 Kim Giang, Hoang Mai, Hanoi, Vietnam 321 Huynh Thuc Khang, Hue City [email protected] [email protected] Abstract—Using various chromatography mesh, Merck) or RP-18 resins (30-50 µm, Fujisilisa methods, three flavonoids, quercetin-3-O- Chemical Ltd.). Thin layer chromatography (TLC) was rutinoside (1), quercetin-3-O-β-D- performed using pre-coated silica gel 60 F254 (0.25 galactopyranoside (2), quercetin (3), and a flavan- mm, Merck) and RP-18 F254S plates (0.25 mm, Merck). 3-ol, catechin (4) were isolated from methanol Spots were visualized under UV radiation (254 and extract of Agrimonia pilosa. Their structures were 365 nm) and sprayed with aqueous solution of H2SO4 elucidated by 1D- and 2D-NMR spectroscopic (10%), heating with a heat gun. analyses and comparison with those reported in B. Plant materials the literature. Compound 2 was reported from A. pilosa for the first time. The aerial parts of A. pilosa were collected at Trung Khanh, Cao Bang province, Vietnam in August 2013. Keywords—Agrimonia pilosa; flavonoid; Its scientific name was identified by Dr. Pham Thanh quercetin-3-O-β-D-galactopyranoside; quercetin Huyen, Institute of Ecology and Biological Resources, derivatives. VAST. A voucher specimen (6695A) is deposited at I. INTRODUCTION the Herbarium of Military Institute of Traditional Medicine. -
Amelanchier Canadensis
AmelanchierAmelanchier canadensiscanadensis ShadblowShadblow serviceberry,serviceberry, CanadianCanadian serviceberry,serviceberry, DownyDowny serviceberry,serviceberry, Shadbush,Shadbush, Juneberry,Juneberry, ChuckleberryChuckleberry Amelanchier canadensis(Shadblow serviceberry) is native to South Canada and the eastern United States. The shrub was introduced in Europe in 1746. The Shadblow serviceberry grows up to 5 to 6 metres tall and wide with a finely branched, wide vase-shaped crown. Before the leaves start to sprout, the Amelanchier canadensisblooms bountifully racemes of white flowers that hang over slightly. In late July, it bears red-violet to blue-black fruits that are edible. The leaves are relatively large and bud in a lovely bronze-red. In the summer, the Shadblow serviceberry has green leaves with a grey-green underside. The autumn colours are yellow-orange to brown and less striking than those of other serviceberry shrubs. The species has a preference for sunlight and moist, humous, slightly acidic soil. It will tolerate a temporarily dry environment, as well as strong wind. That makes Amelanchier canadensis very suitable for use in containers and roof gardens. SEASONAL COLOURS jan feb mar apr mei jun jul aug sep okt nov dec TYPES OF PLANTING Tree types: fruit trees, solitary shrubs | Topiary on stem: multi-stem umbrella USE Location: park, central reservation, in containers, roof garden, large garden, small garden, patio, cemetery, countryside, ecological zone | Pavement: none, open | Planting concepts: Eco planting, -
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E3S Web of Conferences 254, 02009 (2021) https://doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202125402009 FARBA 2021 Use of SSR markers to study genetic polymorphism in members of the Ribes L. genus from the VNIISPK collection Anna Pavlenko*, Maria Dolzhikova, Anna Pikunova, and Annastasiya Bakhotskaya Russian Research Institute of Fruit Crop Breeding (VNIISPK), Zhilina, Orel, Russian Federation Abstract. This study was the first time in Russia to carry out a large-scale (127 samples) assessment of the diverse gene pool of black currant and red currant, the study of intervarietal polymorphism between varieties of the Ribes L. genus from the VNIISPK collection. A cluster analysis of the genetic similarity of black currant varieties (53 varieties), red currant (73 varieties) and one gooseberry variety was performed using 14 SSR markers. Based on the data obtained, a dendrogram was built, in which a number of clusters with high bootstrap support (BS, %) were distinguished. At BS>50%, the coefficients of pairwise genetic similarity between varieties varied from 0.4 to 0.91. The studied representatives of the Ribes genus merged into two main clusters of red currant and black currant. The blackcurrant cluster was joined by gooseberries. The SSR analysis method allows to reveal broad perspectives in the field of identifying varieties affiliation to species. 1 Introduction Currant became known to people quite a long time ago. The first records of black currant were made in the 17th century in the United States by herbalists who drew attention to the medicinal properties of the shrub's fruits and leaves [1]. In wildlife conditions, all Ribes L. -
Intereferents in Condensed Tannins Quantification by the Vanillin Assay
INTEREFERENTS IN CONDENSED TANNINS QUANTIFICATION BY THE VANILLIN ASSAY IOANNA MAVRIKOU Dissertação para obtenção do Grau de Mestre em Vinifera EuroMaster – European Master of Sciences of Viticulture and Oenology Orientador: Professor Jorge Ricardo da Silva Júri: Presidente: Olga Laureano, Investigadora Coordenadora, UTL/ISA Vogais: - Antonio Morata, Professor, Universidad Politecnica de Madrid - Jorge Ricardo da Silva, Professor, UTL/ISA Lisboa, 2012 Acknowledgments First and foremost, I would like to thank the Vinifera EuroMaster consortium for giving me the opportunity to participate in the M.Sc. of Viticulture and Enology. Moreover, I would like to express my appreciation to the leading universities and the professors from all around the world for sharing their scientific knowledge and experiences with us and improving day by day the program through mobility. Furthermore, I would like to thank the ISA/UTL University of Lisbon and the personnel working in the laboratory of Enology for providing me with tools, help and a great working environment during the experimental period of this thesis. Special acknowledge to my Professor Jorge Ricardo Da Silva for tutoring me throughout my experiment, but also for the chance to think freely and go deeper to the field of phenols. Last but most important, I would like to extend my special thanks to my family and friends for being a true support and inspiration in every doubt and decision. 1 UTL/ISA University of Lisbon “Vinifera Euromaster” European Master of Science in Viticulture&Oenology Ioanna Mavrikou: Inteferents in condensed tannins quantification with vanillin assay MSc Thesis: 67 pages Key Words: Proanthocyanidins; Interference substances; Phenols; Vanillin assay Abstract Different methods have been established in order to perform accurately the quantification of the condensed tannins in various plant products and beverages. -
Sharp's at Waterford Farm Your Neighborhood Farm Ask Us How To
Lemongrass – Essential for Thai Sharp’s at Waterford Herbs List cooking Farm Anise - Hyssop Lovage (Levistcum officinale) Farming in Howard County Basil Marjoram (Origanum majorana) since 1903 African Blue Amethyst Improved Purple Sweet Eleonora Zaatar, a hint of thyme, oregano & 4003 Jennings Chapel Rd. Elidia - Compact; container basil marjoram Brookeville, MD 20833 Genovese Golden - ornamental mostly Holy - Sacred Red and Green Tel: (410) 489-2572 Mint (Mentha sp.) Italian Large Leaf Chocolate Peppermint Lemon – Mrs. Burns www.sharpfarm.com Lemon Mint Mountain Mint Lettuce Leaf – Napoletano email: Peppermint Pineapple Mint Lime [email protected] Spearmint Sweet Thai Dark Opal Oregano (Origanum sp.) Red Rubin Greek Rutgers Devotion Zaatar ( a hint of thyme, oregano, & marjoram) Oreganum Syriaca) Borage: the herb of gladness Hot and Spicy - real tang, our favorite for adding to beans Catnip (Nepeta)- feline friends treat Parsley (Petroselinum crispum) Calendula, Neon Plain leaf (Italian or flat) Curly – double or triple Chamomile (German) Organic curled parsley (Bodegold) Italian Dark Green – Giant of Italy – huge leaves Your Neighborhood Chervil (Anthricus cerefolium) ‘crispum’ Vertissimo Farm Rosemary (Rosmarinus) Arp Chives (Allium) Hill Hardy Med Leaf (Purly) Ask Us How to Garden Salem Large leaf (staro) Sage (Salvia offincinalis) Helpful Hints: We pride ourselves Cilantro (Coriandrum sativium) Garden - Extrakta on knowing how to vegetable and herb Cruiser – more upright – great for Pineapple garden. Please ask if you need bunching – 50 days Savory Winter information on how to. Yields? Cutting Celery (Apium graveolens) Sorrel, French Spacing between plants? Staking? aka leaf celery When you plant, space your harvest Stevia (Stevia rebaudiana) by using varieties of different maturity Dill (Anethum graveolens): Nature’s natural sweetener dates.