DOCSLIB.ORG

Complete Thesis

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Complete Thesis University of Groningen Commander in chief Hamilton, Charles Nigel IMPORTANT NOTE: You are advised to consult the publisher's version (publisher's PDF) if you wish to cite from it. Please check the document version below. Document Version Publisher's PDF, also known as Version of record Publication date: 2016 Link to publication in University of Groningen/UMCG research database Citation for published version (APA): Hamilton, C. N. (2016). Commander in chief: FDR's battle with Churchill, 1943. University of Groningen. Copyright Other than for strictly personal use, it is not permitted to download or to forward/distribute the text or part of it without the consent of the author(s) and/or copyright holder(s), unless the work is under an open content license (like Creative Commons). Take-down policy If you believe that this document breaches copyright please contact us providing details, and we will remove access to the work immediately and investigate your claim. Downloaded from the University of Groningen/UMCG research database (Pure): http://www.rug.nl/research/portal. For technical reasons the number of authors shown on this cover page is limited to 10 maximum. Download date: 23-09-2021 Commander in Chief For Lady Ray Copyright © 2016 by Nigel Hamilton Commander in Chief FDR’s Battle With Churchill, 1943 PhD thesis to obtain the degree of PhD at the University of Groningen on the authority of the Rector Magnificus Prof. E. Sterken and in accordance with the decision by the College of Deans. This thesis will be defended in public on Thursday 28 April 2016 at 14.30 hours By Charles Nigel Hamilton born on 16 February 1944 in Alnmouth, United Kingdom Supervisors Prof. J.W. Renders Prof. D.F.J. Bosscher Assessment Committee Prof. K. van Berkel Prof. M.S. Foley Prof. C.A. van Minnen Contents Biography as Corrective 1 Prologue 25 Part One: A Secret Journey 1. A Crazy Idea 33 2. Aboard the Magic Carpet 41 Part Two: Total War 3. The United Nations 51 4. What Next? 71 5. Stalin’s Nyet 79 6. Addressing Congress 83 7. A Fool’s Paradise 87 8. Facing the Joint Chiefs of Staff 97 Part Three: Casablanca 9. The House of Happiness 109 10. Hot Water 123 11. A Wonderful Picture 129 12. In the President’s Boudoir 135 Part Four: Unconditional Surrender 13. Stimson Is Aghast 153 14. De Gaulle 165 15. An Acerbic Interview 175 16. The Unconditional Surrender Meeting 191 Part Five: Kasserine 17. Kasserine 209 18. Arch-Admirals and Arch-Generals 215 19. Between Two Forces of Evil 223 20. Health Issues 243 Part Six: Get Yamamoto! 21. Inspection Tour Two 253 22. Get Yamamoto! 259 23. “He’s Dead?” 271 Part Seven: Beware Greeks Bearing Gifts 24. Saga of the Nibelungs 281 25. A Battle Royal 285 26. No Major Operations Until 1945 or 1946 295 27. Churchill is Back with the Same Old Story 305 Part Eight: The Riot Act 28. The Davies Mission 315 29. A Dozen Dieppes in a Day 325 30. The Future of the World at Stake 335 31. The President Loses Patience 344 Part Nine: The First Crack in the Axis 32. Sicily—and Kursk 355 33. The Führer Flies to Italy 359 34. Countercrisis 367 35. A Fishing Expedition in Ontario 375 36. The President’s Judgment 381 Part Ten: Conundrum 37. Stalin Lies 389 38. War on Two Western Fronts 393 39. The Führer Is Very Optimistic 403 40. A Cardinal Moment 413 41. Churchill Is Stunned 419 Part Eleven: Quebec 1943 42. The German Will to Fight 425 43. Near-Homicidal Negotiations 435 44. A Longing in the Air 439 45. The President Is Upset—with the Russians 449 Part Twelve: The Endgame 46. Close to Disaster 463 47. A Darwinian Struggle 467 48. A Talk with Archbishop Spellman 470 49. The Empires of the Future 483 50. A Tragicomedy of Errors 491 51. Meeting Reality 499 52. A Message to Congress 515 53. Achieving Wonders 521 Maps 529 Acknowledgments 531 Commander in Chief: Genesis, Process, Outcome 533 Summary 569 Samenvatting 573 Index of Persons 577 Curriculum Vitae 589 Biography as Corrective Twenty-seven years ago the distinguished English biographer Robert Skidelsky (author of Keynes , in three volumes)1 rued the continuing lack of theorizing in the study of biography and, as a consequence, its poor status in the academy.2 As Skidelsky put it in a sort of status report on biography in 1988, The Troubled Face of Biography (a book of essays resulting from an international conference on the subject): “Scholars are far from convinced that biography has any important light to throw on art or,” he added, “his- tory.”3 “Biography,” he summarized, “is still not taken entirely seriously as literature, as history, or as a cogent intellectual exercise.”4 This sorry situation, in the view of the novelist and professor of American literature Malcolm Bradbury in the same work, had not changed very much since Wellek and Warren had published, in 1949, their “famous and influential” book, Theory of Literature.5 In that seminal account, biog- 1 Robert Skidelsky, John Maynard Keynes: The Economist as Savior (New York: Viking, 1983); Robert Skidelsky, John Maynard Keynes: Hopes Betrayed (New York: Viking, 1992), and Robert Skidelsky, John Maynard Keynes: Fighting for Britain (London: Macmillan, 2000). 2 Robert Skidelsky, “Only Connect: Biography and Truth,” in Eric Homberger and John Charmley, eds., The Troubled Face of Biography (St. Martin’s: 1998), 14. Paula Backscheider later lamented the same in Reflections on Biography (Oxford: Oxford Uni- versity Press, 1999), xiv. 3 “Only Connect: Biography and Truth,” in Homberger and Charmley, The Troubled Face of Biography (New York: St. Martin’s, 1998), 1. 4 Skidelsky, “Only Connect: Biography and Truth”, p. 1-2. 5 René Wellek and Austin Warren, Theory of Literature (New York: Harcourt, 1946). BIOGRAPHY AS CORRECTIVE raphy had been dismissed as of no “real critical importance. No biographical evidence can change or influence critical evaluation,” Wellek and Warren had asserted.6 Bradbury’s scorn for the ravages wreaked not only by post-war critical minds but then by deconstruction was even more pronounced – the 1980s having become “the age of the author denied and eliminated, airbrushed from the world of writing with a theoretical efficiency that would be the envy of any totalitarian regime trying to remove its discredited past lead- ers from the record of history.”7 Skidelsky thought biographers, to some degree, had brought this up- on themselves - not only by the lack of theorists, but by biographers’ hel- ter-skelter retreat from their earlier, Victorian responsibility to produce exemplary lives, and their growing surrender to public voyeurism. In his view, exemplary lives were coming back again, following Lytton Strachey’s great “debunking” bonanza after World War I -– which had at least given biography a serious and central justification -- but with the exemplariness transferred to the subject’s private life – life that was not necessarily ex- emplary, at least in the Victorian sense, but certainly so in the Roman Coli- seum sense. By the late 1980s, he lamented, biography had sunk in intellec- tual esteem, for “the example is the life itself, not what the life enabled a person to achieve. Or, more precisely, the life is the achievement.” As he added, in what is now a famous epigram, “what used to be called achieve- ment is now only one accompaniment, possibly a minor one, of a style of living” – from lesbianism to sexual arrangements.8 It would be no exaggeration to say that biography’s role and standing in society and in the academy has radically changed since The Troubled Face of Biography was published. The book’s editors, Eric Homberger and John 6 Malcolm Bradbury, “The Telling Life,” in Homberger and Charmley, The Troubled Face, pp. 134-5. 6 Ibid., 136. 7 Ibid., 134-5. 8 Skidelsky, “Only Connect: Biography and Truth”, 13. 2 COMMANDER IN CHIEF Charmley – one a professor of literature, the other a professor of history – had claimed that “everywhere in academic life the subtle, the not-so-subtle denigration of biography grows apace,” and reported with profound con- cern that “the procedures of biography” were “under direct attack in the humanities.”9 Twenty-seven years later the reverse could probably be averred: tra- ditional history, rather than biography, having come under academic and public fire, while biography’s status both in academia and outside may be said to have skyrocketed. The snobbery, superficiality, and lack of credibil- ity of historians, where their work touches on real individuals, caused his- tory in that period to become suspect not only in the academy but outside, as the work of biographers served increasingly to place in question their accounts and interpretations of important historical events, personalities and developments. This is a change or turn that in time will repay deeper study, I be- lieve. However, since it has gone more or less unobserved in current stud- ies of biography,10 let me briefly explore what might be termed “the bio- graphical corrective,” as I have observed and experienced it, both as an author and as a teacher of the craft since the 1970s. Robert Skidelsky, in his 1988 essay, did acknowledge the rise of more pro- fessional (i.e. well-researched) approaches to modern biography, fueled by 9 Eric Homberger and John Charmley, “Introduction”, in: Homberger and Charmley, The Troubled Face, ix, xii. 10 In Mary Rhiel and David Suchoff’s edited work The Seductions of Biography (London: Routledge, 1996), based on a one-year program of “discussion and research on biog- raphy,” there was an excellent first attempt to move beyond The Troubled Face of Biog- raphy from both literary and historical-cultural perspectives.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Socialism in the Twentieth Century: a Historical Reflection
    THE ＧＬＯＢＡＬＩＺＡＴＩＯＮ ＆ ＧＯVＥＲＮＡＮＣＥ ＰＲＯＪＥCＴ， ＨＯＫＫＡＩＤＯ ＵＮＩＶＥＲＳＩＴＹ ＷＯＲＫＩＮＧ ＰＡＰＥＲ ＳＥＲＩＥＳ Socialism in the Twentieth Century: a historical reflection Ⅰ－１１ Donald Sassoon, University of London ＊ Paper for the Symposium, East Asia-Europe-USA Progressive Scholars’ Forum 2003 , 11-15 October, 2003. ＊ None of these papers should be cited without the author’s permission. East Asia-Europe- USA Progressive Scholars’ Forum, 2003 Socialism in the Twentieth Century: a historical reflection Donald Sassoon Queen Mary, University of London 1. Introduction Those who venture to discuss the meaning of socialism confront two distinct but not incompatible strategies: the essentialist and the historical. The essentialist strategy proceeds in conventional Weberian fashion. Socialism is an ideal-type, empirically deduced from the activities or ideas of those commonly regarded as socialists. Once the concept is constructed, it can be used historically to assess concrete political organisations, their activists and thinkers and measure the extent to which they fit the ideal type, why and when they diverge from each other, and account for exceptional behaviour. This procedure, of great heuristic value, is still broadly accepted and widely used, even though its theoretical rigour is highly dubious as the analysis rests on a somewhat arbitrary selection of the ‘socialist’ organisations and individuals used to produce the ideal-type concept of socialism. This procedure has the added disadvantage that, if strictly adhered to, it does not allow for historical change. Once the ideal-type is defined, novel elements cannot easily be integrated into it. However, life must go on, even in sociology. So when something new turns up, such as a revisionist interpretation, all that is required is to hoist the ideal-type onto the operating table, remove -if necessary- the bits which no longer fit, and insert the new ones.
    [Show full text]
  • Allen Lane Particular Books Pelican Books Penguin Classics Penguin Modern Classics Penguin Paperbacks 3 31 41 49 55 75
    CONTENTS Allen Lane 3 Particular Books 31 Pelican Books 41 Penguin Classics 49 Penguin Modern Classics 55 Penguin Paperbacks 75 Penguin Press 80 Strand London 1 1 2 3 3 3 The Secret World Money and Government A History of Intelligence Unsettled Issues in Macroeconomics Christopher Andrew Robert Skidelsky A stupendous history of intelligence, its uses and its neglect A major challenge to economic orthodoxy, by one of - by the world's leading historian of intelligence Britain's leading historians and economists The history of espionage is far older than any of today's The dominant view in economics is that money and intelligence agencies, yet the long history of intelligence government should play only a minor role in economic life. operations has been largely forgotten. The first mention of Money, it is claimed, is nothing more than a medium of espionage in world literature is in the Book of Exodus.'God exchange; and economic outcomes are best left to the sent out spies into the land of Canaan'. From there, 'invisible hand' of the market. The view taken in this important Christopher Andrew traces the shift in the ancient world from new book is that the omnipresence of uncertainty make money divination to what we would recognize as attempts to gather and government essential features of any market economy. real intelligence in the conduct of military operations, and One reason we need money is because we don't know what considers how far ahead of the West - at that time - China and the future will bring. Government - good government - makes India were.
    [Show full text]
  • Interview with Lady Soames “FATHER ALWAYS CAME FIRST, SECOND and THIRD”
    ! An Interview with Lady Soames “FATHER ALWAYS CAME FIRST, SECOND AND THIRD” Finest Hour 116, Autumn 2002 As Churchill’s daughter, Mary Soames had the run of 10 Downing Street and helped arrange dinner with Stalin. She talks to Graham Turner about eighty rich and varied years. Graham Turner is a journalist whom we knew years ago when he covered the motor industry and wrote a penetrating, oft-quoted book, The Leyland Papers. He has since moved to weightier subjects for the Daily Telegraph, by whose kind permission this article is reprinted. “I don’t think I was necessarily intended,” said Mary Soames, Winston and Clementine Churchill’s youngest daughter, “but I suppose I was the child of consolation. My parents were shattered when their third daughter, Marigold—who was only two and a half years old—died in 1921. It’s clear from letters my father wrote to my mother that, when I arrived the following year, he was delighted that the nursery had started again.” ! Mary Soames The way in which Marigold died was to have a decisive influence on Lady Soames’s own life. “Mummy had left her in the charge of a French nursery governess, Mademoiselle Rose, while she went to stay with the Duke and Duchess of Westminster at their home in Cheshire. Marigold, who was known as “Duckadilly” in the family, developed a very sore throat but, even when she became really ill, the governess still waited a day or two before sending for my mother. By that time, there was nothing even a specialist could do for her.
    [Show full text]
  • Spring 2014 | Volume 5 | Issue 1
    The Churchillian Spring 2014 | Volume 5 | Issue 1 The Magazine of the National Churchill Museum CHURCHILL, ZIONISM AND THE MIDDLE EAST Winston Churchill and Palestine A Jewish National Home, 1922 Sir Winston's Plea for Tolerance Churchill and Ben-Gurion SPECIAL FEATURE: Full coverage of the 2014 Churchill Weekend and the Enid and R. Crosby Kemper Lectureship The Real Churchill • From the Archives Museum Educational and Public Programming Board of Governors of the Association of Churchill Fellows FROM THE Jean-Paul Montupet MESSAGE EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR Chairman & Senior Fellow St. Louis, Missouri A.V. L. Brokaw, III Warm greetings from the campus of St. Louis, Missouri Westminster College. As I write, we are Robert L. DeFer still recovering from a wonderful Churchill th Weekend. Tis weekend, marking the 68 Earle H. Harbison, Jr. St. Louis, Missouri anniversary of Churchill’s visit here and his William C. Ives Sinews of Peace address, was a special one for Chapel Hill, North Carolina several reasons. Firstly, because of the threat R. Crosby Kemper, III of bad weather which, while unpleasant, Kansas City, Missouri never realized the forecast’s dismal potential Barbara D. Lewington and because of the presence of members of St. Louis, Missouri the Churchill family, Randolph, Catherine St. Louis, Missouri and Jennie Churchill for a frst ever visit. William R. Piper Tis, in tandem with a wonderful Enid St. Louis, Missouri PHOTO BY DAK DILLON and R. Crosby Kemper Lecture delivered by Paul Reid, defed the weather and entertained a bumper crowd of St. Louis, Missouri Churchillians at both dinner, in the Museum, and at a special ‘ask the experts’ brunch.
    [Show full text]
  • “Naughty Willie” at Rhodes House
    Gowers of Uganda : Conduct and Misconduct Being an abridged version of an article forthcoming in ARAS : Gowers of Uganda: The Public and Private Life of a Forgotten Colonial Governor Roger Scott, University of Queensland I Apparently, not a lot has been written about the conduct of the private lives of colonial governors. This is in contrast to the information provided in histories and novels and films about white settler society in southern and eastern Africa. In my conference contribution, I want to add to this scarce literature. My forthcoming article in ARAS has a wider compass, including an appreciation of the intersection between the public and private life of a forgotten governor of Uganda, Sir William Gowers. Both pieces draw upon original archival and obscure secondary sources examined in the context of a wider project, a biography by my wife focussed on another member of the Gowers family, her paternal grand-father, Sir Ernest Gowers. These primary sources1 provide testimony from, among others, the Prince of Wales and his aide-de-campe, that Gowers was outgoing, entertaining, and full of bravado as well as personal bravery. The same files also reveal that his personal life became a source of widespread scandal among the East African Europeans, especially missionaries, and it required the intervention of his mentor Lord Lugard to fight off his dismissal by the Colonial Secretary. William was in other words a prototype of the cliché of the romantic literature of his era: the “Black Sheep” of the family. William and his younger brother Ernest were provided with an education at Rugby and Cambridge explicitly designed for entry to the public service.
    [Show full text]
  • Plain, Ordinary Mrs. Roosevelt
    First 1 Reading Instructions 1. As you read, mark a ? wherever you are confused or curious about something. 2. After reading, look at the places you marked. Write your questions in the margins. 3. Circle two questions to bring to the sharing questions activity: • A question about a part that confuses you the most. • A question about a part that interests you the most. Plain, Ordinary Mrs. Roosevelt Jodi Libretti The highlighted words n 1932 Americans elected Franklin Delano Roosevelt, will be important to know I as you work on this unit. also known as FDR, as their president. People were looking for someone who could lead the country out of the Great QUESTIONS Depression. Since 1929 the United States had been in terrible trouble. Banks went out of business, and millions of people lost all of their savings. One out of every five people lost their jobs. To make matters worse, terrible droughts were drying up America’s farmland. Land across the Great Plains turned to dust and was literally blowing away. People were scared and desperate. In his first speech as president, FDR brought hope to people when he said, “the only thing we have to fear is fear Great Depression: the period between 1929–1939 when the United States and many other countries faced major financial problems literally: actually 104 Nonfiction Inquiry 5 itself.” He also brought them his wife Eleanor. Americans didn’t know it yet, but she would be a First Lady like no other. Eleanor the Activist Eleanor Roosevelt stood nearly six feet tall and had buck teeth and a high voice.
    [Show full text]
  • LA FAMIGLIA the Ideology of Sicilian Family Networks
    LA FAMIGLIA The Ideology of Sicilian Family Networks Eva Carlestål LA FAMIGLIA The Ideology of Sicilian Family Networks Dissertation for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Cultural Anthropology presented at Uppsala University in 2005 ABSTRACT Carlestål, Eva, 2005. La Famiglia – The Ideology of Sicilian Family Networks. DICA, Disser- tations in Cultural Anthropology, 3. 227 pp. Uppsala. ISSN 1651-7601, ISBN 91-506-1791-5. Anthropological data from fieldwork carried out among a fishing population in western Sicily show how related matrifocal nuclear families are tightly knit within larger, male-headed networks. The mother focus at the basic family level is thereby balanced and the system indi- cates that the mother-child unit does not function effectively on its own, as has often been argued for this type of family structure. As a result of dominating moral values which strong- ly emphasise the uniqueness of family and kin, people are brought up to depend heavily upon and to be loyal to their kin networks, to see themselves primarily as parts of these social units and less so as independent clearly bounded individuals, and to distinctly separate family members from non-family members. This dependence is further strengthened by matri- and/or patrivicinity being the dominant form of locality, by the traditional naming system as well as a continual use of kin terms, and by related people socialising and collaborating closely. The social and physical boundaries thus created around the family networks are further streng- thened by local architecture that symbolically communicates the closed family unit; by the woman, who embodies her family as well as their house, having her outdoor movements restric- ted in order to shield both herself and her family; by self-mastery when it comes to skilfully calculating one's actions and words as a means of controlling the impression one makes on others; and by local patriotism that separates one's co-villagers from foreigners.
    [Show full text]
  • Urban Society and Communal Independence in Twelfth-Century Southern Italy
    Urban society and communal independence in Twelfth-Century Southern Italy Paul Oldfield Submitted in accordance with the requirements for the degree of PhD. The University of Leeds The School of History September 2006 The candidate confirms that the work submitted is his own and that appropriate credit has been given where reference has been made to the work of others. This copy has been supplied on the understanding that it is copyright material and that no quotation from the thesis may be published without proper acknowledgement. Acknowledgements I would like to express my thanks for the help of so many different people, without which there would simply have been no thesis. The funding of the AHRC (formerly AHRB) and the support of the School of History at the University of Leeds made this research possible in the first place. I am grateful too for the general support, and advice on reading and sources, provided by Dr. A. J. Metcalfe, Dr. P. Skinner, Professor E. Van Houts, and Donald Matthew. Thanks also to Professor J-M. Martin, of the Ecole Francoise de Rome, for his continual eagerness to offer guidance and to discuss the subject. A particularly large thanks to Mr. I. S. Moxon, of the School of History at the University of Leeds, for innumerable afternoons spent pouring over troublesome Latin, for reading drafts, and for just chatting! Last but not least, I am hugely indebted to the support, understanding and endless efforts of my supervisor Professor G. A. Loud. His knowledge and energy for the subject has been infectious, and his generosity in offering me numerous personal translations of key narrative and documentary sources (many of which are used within) allowed this research to take shape and will never be forgotten.
    [Show full text]
  • Orme) Wilberforce (Albert) Raymond Blackburn (Alexander Bell
    Copyrights sought (Albert) Basil (Orme) Wilberforce (Albert) Raymond Blackburn (Alexander Bell) Filson Young (Alexander) Forbes Hendry (Alexander) Frederick Whyte (Alfred Hubert) Roy Fedden (Alfred) Alistair Cooke (Alfred) Guy Garrod (Alfred) James Hawkey (Archibald) Berkeley Milne (Archibald) David Stirling (Archibald) Havergal Downes-Shaw (Arthur) Berriedale Keith (Arthur) Beverley Baxter (Arthur) Cecil Tyrrell Beck (Arthur) Clive Morrison-Bell (Arthur) Hugh (Elsdale) Molson (Arthur) Mervyn Stockwood (Arthur) Paul Boissier, Harrow Heraldry Committee & Harrow School (Arthur) Trevor Dawson (Arwyn) Lynn Ungoed-Thomas (Basil Arthur) John Peto (Basil) Kingsley Martin (Basil) Kingsley Martin (Basil) Kingsley Martin & New Statesman (Borlasse Elward) Wyndham Childs (Cecil Frederick) Nevil Macready (Cecil George) Graham Hayman (Charles Edward) Howard Vincent (Charles Henry) Collins Baker (Charles) Alexander Harris (Charles) Cyril Clarke (Charles) Edgar Wood (Charles) Edward Troup (Charles) Frederick (Howard) Gough (Charles) Michael Duff (Charles) Philip Fothergill (Charles) Philip Fothergill, Liberal National Organisation, N-E Warwickshire Liberal Association & Rt Hon Charles Albert McCurdy (Charles) Vernon (Oldfield) Bartlett (Charles) Vernon (Oldfield) Bartlett & World Review of Reviews (Claude) Nigel (Byam) Davies (Claude) Nigel (Byam) Davies (Colin) Mark Patrick (Crwfurd) Wilfrid Griffin Eady (Cyril) Berkeley Ormerod (Cyril) Desmond Keeling (Cyril) George Toogood (Cyril) Kenneth Bird (David) Euan Wallace (Davies) Evan Bedford (Denis Duncan)
    [Show full text]
  • Two US Navy's Submarines
    Now available to the public by subscription. See Page 63 Volume 2018 2nd Quarter American $6.00 Submariner Special Election Issue USS Thresher (SSN-593) America’s two nuclear boats on Eternal Patrol USS Scorpion (SSN-589) More information on page 20 Download your American Submariner Electronically - Same great magazine, available earlier. Send an E-mail to [email protected] requesting the change. ISBN List 978-0-9896015-0-4 American Submariner Page 2 - American Submariner Volume 2018 - Issue 2 Page 3 Table of Contents Page Number Article 3 Table of Contents, Deadlines for Submission 4 USSVI National Officers 6 Selected USSVI . Contacts and Committees AMERICAN 6 Veterans Affairs Service Officer 6 Message from the Chaplain SUBMARINER 7 District and Base News This Official Magazine of the United 7 (change of pace) John and Jim States Submarine Veterans Inc. is 8 USSVI Regions and Districts published quarterly by USSVI. 9 Why is a Ship Called a She? United States Submarine Veterans Inc. 9 Then and Now is a non-profit 501 (C) (19) corporation 10 More Base News in the State of Connecticut. 11 Does Anybody Know . 11 “How I See It” Message from the Editor National Editor 12 2017 Awards Selections Chuck Emmett 13 “A Guardian Angel with Dolphins” 7011 W. Risner Rd. 14 Letters to the Editor Glendale, AZ 85308 18 Shipmate Honored Posthumously . (623) 455-8999 20 Scorpion and Thresher - (Our “Nuclears” on EP) [email protected] 22 Change of Command Assistant Editor 23 . Our Brother 24 A Boat Sailor . 100-Year Life Bob Farris (315) 529-9756 26 Election 2018: Bios [email protected] 41 2018 OFFICIAL BALLOT 43 …Presence of a Higher Power Assoc.
    [Show full text]
  • Personalities and Perceptions: Churchill, De Gaulle, and British-Free French Relations 1940-1941" (2019)
    University of Vermont ScholarWorks @ UVM UVM Honors College Senior Theses Undergraduate Theses 2019 Personalities and Perceptions: Churchill, De Gaulle, and British- Free French Relations 1940-1941 Samantha Sullivan Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.uvm.edu/hcoltheses Recommended Citation Sullivan, Samantha, "Personalities and Perceptions: Churchill, De Gaulle, and British-Free French Relations 1940-1941" (2019). UVM Honors College Senior Theses. 324. https://scholarworks.uvm.edu/hcoltheses/324 This Honors College Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Undergraduate Theses at ScholarWorks @ UVM. It has been accepted for inclusion in UVM Honors College Senior Theses by an authorized administrator of ScholarWorks @ UVM. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Personalities and Perceptions: Churchill, De Gaulle, and British-Free French Relations 1940-1941 By: Samantha Sullivan Advised by: Drs. Steven Zdatny, Andrew Buchanan, and Meaghan Emery University of Vermont History Department Honors College Thesis April 17, 2019 Acknowledgements: Nearly half of my time at UVM was spent working on this project. Beginning as a seminar paper for Professor Zdatny’s class in Fall 2018, my research on Churchill and De Gaulle slowly grew into the thesis that follows. It was a collaborative effort that allowed me to combine all of my fields of study from my entire university experience. This project took me to London and Cambridge to conduct archival research and made for many late nights on the second floor of the Howe Library. I feel an overwhelming sense of pride and accomplishment for this thesis that is reflective of the work I have done at UVM.
    [Show full text]
  • How to Achieve Shorter Working Hours Lord Skidelsky
    How to achieve shorter working hours working shorter achieve to How How to achieve shorter working hours Lord Skidelsky Lord Skidelsky Lord How to achieve shorter working hours Lord Skidelsky, assisted by Rachel Kay Commissioned by the Rt Hon John McDonnell MP, Shadow Chancellor of the Exchequer 2 Table of Contents Preface 5 Introduction 7 Part I: Why the interest in working time reduction today? 9 Part II: Historical attitudes towards reducing working time 25 Part III: Case studies 31 Part IV: Policy pathways to shorter working hours 41 Conclusion 53 References 55 3 4 Preface At the end of 2018, I was asked by Mr McDonnell to inquire into the feasibility of legislation to limit hours of work. I was glad to accept his invitation, subject to the Report being politically independent. No financial support has been requested or received from the Labour Party. I have been greatly helped in conducting the inquiry and writing the Report by my research assistant, Rachel Kay, and by Nan Craig and Alex Bagenal. The arguments with Rachel have often been fierce, but the Report is better for having had them. Parts II and III are mainly her work. A number of people have kindly supported the work of this Inquiry by giving evidence and advice. I would like to thank Anne Eydoux, Sharon Graham, Rayhan Haque, Aidan Harper, Alice Martin, Seamus Nevin, Tej Parikh, Adam Peggs, Matthew Percival, Carys Roberts, Florent Sherifi, Guy Standing, Tim Thomas and Bertie Wnek. Special thanks go to William Brown, Barry Colfer, Michael Davies, Richard Layard and John Monks who read and commented on the draft Report.
    [Show full text]