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Notes on Taxonomy of ‌Barbus ‌‌ تاكسونومي ‌‌ هاي ويژگي ‌ ‌‌ باره در

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Notes on Taxonomy of ‌Barbus ‌‌ تاكسونومي ‌‌ هاي ويژگي ‌ ‌‌ باره در مجله علمی ـ پژوهشی زیستشناسی جانوری تجربی .Experimental Animal Biology Vol. ??? No. ???, ?????? (??? - ???) سال هفتم، شماره چهارم، پیاپی بیست و هشتم، بهار 8931 )38-31( نكاتيدر باره ويژگي هاي تاكسونومي Notes on taxonomy of Barbus kotschyi (Heckle, 1843) and باربوسكاتاشيBarbus kotschyiو Barbus grypus Heckle, 1843 باربوسگريیپوسBarbus grypus ‌ Jalal Vali-ollahi* ‌ * جﻻل ولي الهي ,Assistant Professor, Department of the Environment استادیار، گروه محيط زیست، دانشگاه تربيت دبير شهيد رجائی، تهران، ایران Shahid Rajaee Tarbiat Modarres University, Tehran, Iran )تاریخ دریافت: 32/23/2231 - تاریخ پذیرش: Received: Mar. 13, 2017 - Accepted: Apr. 14, 2019) )2231/2/31) چكیده Abstract تعيين دقيق گونه ها و هيبریدهای )دورگههای( باربوس ماهيان به Precise identifying of a Barbus fish species and the سبب این که ماهيان بزرگ جثه اقتصادی ایران هستند و بسياری از hybrids is very important because these fishes are گونههای آنها در معرض انقراض یا نابودی ذخایر است از اهيمت large freshwaters fishes of Iran and the stock of زیادی دارد در بازنگری از ماهيان ایران در سال 2211 در موزه تاریخ them are going to vanished. In 2000 the Barbus species of Iran was revised at CMN and from that طبيعی کانادا و تحقيقات از آن زمان تاکنون تمام اسناد موجود به دو time all document of these species were reviewed, گونه از این ماهيان گردآوری شد سال 2183 هگل )Heckel( یكی this is a part of this studies. In 1842 Heckel از گونه های بار بوس ماهيان را Lebeobarbus kotschyi ناميد. described Lebeobarbus kotschyi and named it in این نام گذاری به احترام جمعآور ی کننده این نمونهها یعنی تئودور respect to Theodor Kotschyi. During the time this کاتاشی Theodor Kotschyi صورت گرفت. در طول زمان نام name has changed to Barbus kotschyi. Barbus این گونه به Barbus kotschi بدل شد و توسط محققين متعدد kotschyi (Heckle, 1843) was synonymized with با B. gripus مترادف اعﻻم شد. و توسط محقين دیگر بهعنوان Barbus grypus Heckle, 1843 by several authors. گونه مستقل قلمداد شد. هدف این تحقيق معرفی باربوس کاتاشی The samples was examined In my projects the بهعنوان یک گونه مستقل از طریق نشان دادن اختﻻفهای بين این morphological differences between these two گونه و گونه ماهی شيربت است. روش کار در شناسایی و تفكيک related species is enough to separate them, but for این ماهی بهعنوان گونه مستقل، مقایسه بيست و یک ویژگی conceding them as two identical species more مورفومتریک و مریستيک تمام نمونههای موجود در موزه تاریخ recherché has to be done and more samples must طبيعی و تمام نمونههای صيد شده اخير می باشد. نتيجه این تحقيق be collected. In this paper the more outstanding این است که در نمونه های مشاهده شده اختﻻف شكل و اندازه زائده features and differences between these two species ميانی زیر لب تحتانی و اختﻻف اندازه نسبی سر فراتر از آن است are outlined. The difference between this species Barbus grypus Barbus kotschyi که بتوان رابا مترداف and Barbus grypus, to which it is deceptively دانست. طول نسبی سر در اولی بزرگتر و زائده ميانی زیر لب similar, lies mainly in the relative head length, the تحتانی فراخ تر و بزرگتر است و این ویژگی قابل تشخيص برای mouth, and the fleshy lobe below the symphysis of جدایی این دو گونه کفایت می کند. در جستجوی این ماهی در ميان the lower jaw. In querying among 2000 دو هزار ماهیگير حرفه ای آنها این ماهی را در سالهای اخير صيد و professional angler, they states that have caught شناسایی کردهاند و آن را ماهی شيربت شبکار میدانند. .this fish and named it as a night touring fish واژههاي كلیدي: ایران، تاکسونومی، Keywords: Cyprinidae, Barbus grypus, Barbus ،Barbus grypus kotschyi, taxonomy, Iran. B. kotschyi . * نویسنده مسئول: جﻻل ولی الهی E-mail: [email protected]; [email protected] 39 مجله علمی ـ پژوهشی زیستشناسی جانوری تجربی، سال هفتم، شماره چهارم، پیاپی بیست و هشتم، بهار 8931 مقدمه مستقل پذیرفته است ) مؤلفین بعدی این گونه ماهی را برای تقسیم باربوس به چند گروه كوشش های زیادی با B. grypus مترادف دانستند. بر طبق اظهارات صورت گرفته است. ام ا این گروه بندیها تاكنون در Mirza )1949( و Berg )1943( این دو گونه ماهی محافل علمی جایگاه معتبری نیافتهاند. تعداد دقیق مترادف هستند. گونهها در این جنس نیز نامعین است ) & Banarescu در مورد ماهیان حوزه دجله و فرات و بهویژه Coad, 1991; Armantrout, 1980(. تشابه گونههای جنس باربوس ماهیان در عراق محقق عراقی مورفولوژیك بین گونه های ماهیان ذكرشده هم چنین مهدی نمونهها ی بسیاری از ماهیان عراق را در موزه مشكﻻتی كه در اثر مطالعه نمونهها یی كه در اندازه و تاریخ طبیعی بغداد گردآوری كرده و با همكاری سنین مختلف هستند و یا گونه های كه نمونة ت یپ سالم متخصصین اروپایی به شناسایی و مطا لعه آنها پرداخت. و خوبی در مجموعه موزه های جانورشناسی جهانی Mahdi )1962( با استناد به اظهارات گوتنر این گونه را ندارند، مانع ارائه نقطه نظرات كامﻻ قاطع در مورد این به عنوان یك گونه مستقل در رودخانه دجله درعراق گونه های جنس كپور ماهیان شده است. تنوع زیستی این گزارش كرده است. گروه ماهیان هنوز در پرده ابهام باقی مانده و نتایج برخی Karaman )1971( از افرادی است كه جنس مطالعات گاهی متن اقض می باشند )Coad, 2001(. باربوس را تفكیك نموده است. او تنها درحوزه سال 8189 هگل 18 گونه ماهیان آب شیرین را در بینالنهرین 88 الی 81 گونه را مشخص نموده و آنها محدوده ای كه در آن زمان سوریه نامیده میشد، معرفی را در دو زیر خانواده و پنج جنس جای داده است. بر كرد. از میان این گونهها 88 گونه باربوس ماهی وجود طبق اظهارات كارامن آلمانی این گو نه ماهی متعلق به داشت. Theodor Kotschyi )1949( نمونههایی از Torgrypus است. ماهیان آب شیرین را از اطراف شیراز جمعآور ی كرد و برای رفع برخی ابهامها در مورد تنوع زیستی این برای او در موزه تاریخ طبیعی وین ارسال نمود )به آثار گونهها و برای این كه تشابهها و تفاوتهای گونههای Heckle, 1843-1849 رجوع كنید( از میان این نزدیك به هم آشكار شوند از سال 8911 تاكنون برروی نمونهها هگل 81 گونه ماهی را شناسایی كرد. همگی نمونهها صیدشده و موجود در موزه مطالعة مقایسهای این گونهها همان هایی بودند كه قبﻻ هگل شناسایی صورت گرفت. در این مقاله مقایسهها بر روی دو گونه كرده بود. از میان این گونهها او تنها یك گونه باربوس ارائه میشود. این تحقیق میتواند مقدمهای برای ماهی را در ایران یعنی Luciobarbus barblus را برداشتن گامی بزرگ تر و تفكیك دقیق این گونهها در به عنوان گونه جدید معرفی كرد و بقیه گونه های باربوس طرحی گسترده باشد. ماهیان را با ماهیانی كه قبﻻ شرح داده بود مترادف و در این تحقیق دو گونه این ماهیان یعنی Barbus همانند دانست. یكی از این گونه های باربوس ماهیان را grypus و Barbus kotschyi مورد شناسایی و او Lebeobarbus kotschyi نامید. این نام گذاری به مقایسه قرار گرفته است. احترام جمعآور ی كننده این نمونه ها یعنی تئودور كاتاشی محقق سالهای اخیر Borkenhagen )2014( )Theodor Kotschyi( صورت گرفت. در طول زمان شیربت یا باربوس گریپوس را عربی باربوس نام این گونه به Barbus kotschi بدل شد و توسط )Arabibarus( نامید و این جنس را مستقل قلمداد محققین متعدد با B. gripus مترادف اعﻻم شد. كرد در این جنس او عﻻوه بر دو گونه موجود به Gũnther )1874( با مروری بر مشاهدات هگل نامهای عربی باربوس گریپوس و عربی باربوس این ماهی یعنی B. kotschyi را به عنوان یك گونه عربیكوس گونه جدیدی به نام Arabibarbus ولی الهی: نكاتی درباره ویژگی های تاكسونومی باربوس كاتاشی ... 39 hadhrami را در كشور یمن در حوزه آبخیز Wadi 99 ویژگی مورفومتریك و 89 ویژگی مریستیك Hadhramaut/ Wadi al Masila معرفی كرد. بر اساس روش استاندارد بهترتیب اندازه گیری و این دو گونه دیگر با Barbus kotschyi كه در شمارش شد با استفاده از كولیس با دقت 8/1 میل یمتر این تحقیق شرح داده شده تفاوت دارند گرچه ممكن نزدیكترین عدد به 8/1 میلیمتر خوانده شد. تمام است این تقسیم جنس درست باشد ولی در این شعاع های بالهها غیر از بالة دمی از قاعده باله شمارش تحقیق از آن پیروی نشده است. ضرورت دارد در آینده شد. طول و عرض جغرافیایی از روی برچسب نم ونهها تحقیقات كاملتری از طریق تشخیص دی ان ای خوانده شد. اطﻻعات حاصل وارد سلولهای صورت گیرد تا این ابهامها برطرف شوند. محاسباتی شد و مورد پردازش قرار گرفت. برای رعایت استاندارد نگارش مقاﻻت تاكسونومی ماهیان موا دوروشها مشخصات كارت كاتالوگ موزه برای جلوگیری از برمبنای ویژگی های اساسی مورفومتریك و مریستیك اشتباه باید به زبان انگلیسی نوشته شود. به بخش و برمبنای جزئیات ارائه شده از طرف توصیف كننده مشخصات نمونهها رجوع شود. منظور از اختصار اولیة نمونه های نمونه های موجود در موزه تاریخ CMN موزه تاریخ طبیعی كانادا ) Canadian Museum of Nature طبیعی كانادا )CMN ( موردآزمون قرار گرفتند. ( است. شكل Barbus kotschyi )Heckel, 1846( .1 شكل 2. طول سر و زائده میانی زیر لب تحتانی در B. kotschyi و B. grypus 38 مجله علمی ـ پژوهشی زیستشناسی جانوری تجربی، سال هفتم، شماره چهارم، پیاپی بیست و هشتم، بهار 8931 نمونهها ی آزموده شده در موزه تاریخ طبیعی اوتاوا ریخت شناسی ماهی به طول استاندارد 81 میلیمتر در سال 8339 در بدن كشیده، نیمه استوانه ای. سر نسبتا كوچك طول برازجان رودخانه دالكی، بهطول 981 میلیمتر در سال سر بزرگتر از عمق بدن طول سر شامل حدود 8/98 8381 در مسجد سلمان 91 كیلومتری شوشتر و به )91/8-11/8( برابر عمق بدن. طول كلی 8/38 طول استاندارد 911 میل یمتر در سال 8318 در عراق )81/1-18/8( برابر طول سر و طول استاندارد 9/13 صید شده است. ماهی بهطول 981 میلیمتر در سال )11/8-88/9( برابر طول سر. دهان نیمه انتهایی 8331 در خوزستان صید شده است. در ایران این به شدت دارای انحنا است.
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