Promising Practices Against Hate Crimes: Five State and Local Demonstration Projects
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1-Promising Practice monog. 6/29/00 10:15 AM Page cov1 U.S. Department of Justice Office of Justice Programs Bureau of Justice Assistance PROMISING PRACTICES AGAINST HATE CRIMES FIVE STATE AND LOCAL DEMONSTRATION PROJECTS Monograph H ATE C RIMES S ERIES #2 1-Promising Practice monog. 6/29/00 10:15 AM Page cov2 U.S. Department of Justice Office of Justice Programs 810 Seventh Street NW. Washington, DC 20531 Janet Reno Attorney General Daniel Marcus Acting Associate Attorney General Mary Lou Leary Acting Assistant Attorney General Nancy E. Gist Director, Bureau of Justice Assistance Office of Justice Programs World Wide Web Home Page www.ojp.usdoj.gov Bureau of Justice Assistance World Wide Web Home Page www.ojp.usdoj.gov/BJA For grant and funding information contact U.S. Department of Justice Response Center 1–800–421–6770 This project was supported by Cooperative Agreement No. 95–DD–BX–K001, awarded by the Bureau of Justice Assistance,Office of Justice Programs, U.S. Department of Justice to Community Research Associates,Inc. This document was prepared by the Center for the Study and Prevention of Hate Violence, University of Southern Maine, under contract with Community Research Associates,Inc. The opinions, findings, and conclusions or recom- mendations expressed in this document are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the official position or policies of the U.S. Department of Justice. The Bureau of Justice Assistance is a component of the Office of Justice Programs, which also includes the Bureau of Justice Statistics, the National Institute of Justice, the Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention, and the Office for Victims of Crime. 1-Promising Practice monog. 6/29/00 10:15 AM Page i PROMISING PRACTICES AGAINST HATE CRIMES FIVE STATE AND LOCAL DEMONSTRATION PROJECTS May 2000 NCJ 181425 Prepared by Stephen Wessler Center for the Study and Prevention of Hate Violence University of Southern Maine 1-Promising Practice monog. 6/29/00 10:16 AM Page iii Contents Executive Summary . .v Training and Support for Law Enforcement Professionals . v Meeting the Needs of Hate Crime Victims. v Addressing Hate Crimes and Bias Incidents Among Youth. v I. Introduction . .1 II. The Simon Wiesenthal Center’s National Institutes Against Hate Crimes . 3 The Institutes’ 4-Day Program at the Museum of Tolerance. 3 Continuing Efforts of the Institutes—The Creative Use of the Internet. 5 Summary. 5 III. The Victim Assistance Project in San Diego . .7 The First Step—Immediate Response. 7 The Second Step—Followup Contact. 7 The Third Step—Weeks 2 Through 4 . 8 Summary. 8 IV. The Los Angeles County District Attorney’s JOLT Program . .9 Prevention . 9 Early Intervention . 10 Prosecution . 11 Summary . 11 BUREAU OF JUSTICE ASSISTANCE iii 1-Promising Practice monog. 6/29/00 10:16 AM Page iv PROMISING PRACTICES AGAINST HATE CRIMES V. The Maine Department of the Attorney General’s Civil Rights Team Project . .13 Trainings and Workshops . 13 Mini-Grants . 14 Statewide Conferences . 14 Summary . 14 VI. The Massachusetts Governor’s Task Force on Hate Crimes . .15 The Civil Rights Team Program . 15 Stop the Hate Week . 16 VII. Conclusion . .17 VIII. For More Information . .19 iv 1-Promising Practice monog. 6/29/00 10:16 AM Page v Executive Summary The five demonstration programs Meeting the Needs of Hate described in this monograph are Crime Victims among our nation’s most promising models for confronting and reduc- • The San Diego Police ing hate crime. These programs, Department and the Anti- funded by the Bureau of Justice Defamation League’s Victim Assistance, Office of Justice Assistance Project—Responds Programs, U.S. Department of to hate crime victims’ emotional Justice, were developed by state and practical needs. When a and local agencies. The first pro- hate crime is reported in San gram provides training to law Diego, a trained victim assis- enforcement professionals; the sec- tance volunteer from the San ond program addresses the needs Diego Police Department is of hate crime victims; and the last called to the scene to provide three programs focus on bias emotional support and to coor- among youth, with an emphasis on dinate services for pressing removing hate from public schools. needs such as transportation, counseling, and medical atten- Training and Support for tion. The project’s victim assis- tance coordinator then works Law Enforcement with the investigating detective Professionals to provide followup contact with • The Simon Wiesenthal Center’s the victim for weeks after the National Institutes Against incident. Hate Crimes—Brings together multidisciplinary teams of law Addressing Hate Crimes enforcement professionals from and Bias Incidents Among cities, regions, and states for a Youth 4-day intensive course at the Simon Wiesenthal Center in Los • The Los Angeles County Angeles, California. By the end District Attorney’s JOLT of the course, each team has Program—Combines a compre- developed a comprehensive, hensive training program for coordinated plan for addressing faculty and staff at K–12 schools hate crimes in its community. to recognize and deal with hate BUREAU OF JUSTICE ASSISTANCE v 1-Promising Practice monog. 6/29/00 10:16 AM Page vi PROMISING PRACTICES AGAINST HATE CRIMES problems, a diversion program elementary schools. More than for juveniles who are involved in 1,900 students in 133 schools bias incidents and less serious statewide have participated. hate crimes, and aggressive prosecution of teenagers who • The Massachusetts Governor’s commit serious hate crimes or Task Force on Hate Crimes— fail to complete the diversion Uses civil rights teams in high program. schools that are similar to the teams that have been estab- • The Maine Department of the lished in the Maine project. Attorney General’s Civil Rights The Task Force also promotes Team Project—Uses teams of Stop the Hate Week throughout students and faculty members to the Commonwealth and has promote awareness of bias and sponsored a variety of student- prejudice in Maine’s public high directed events focusing on hate schools, middle schools, and and bias prevention in schools. vi 1-Promising Practice monog. 6/29/00 10:16 AM Page 1 I. Introduction of the Know Nothings in the 1850s, the bloody rampages of the newly THE IMPACT OF HATE CRIMES IS DEV- born Ku Klux Klan in the South ASTATING TO INDIVIDUAL VICTIMS, during Reconstruction, and the ENTIRE COMMUNITIES, AND, INDEED, intimidation, beatings, and killings TO THE NATION AS A WHOLE. HATE of southern blacks and civil rights workers in the 1960s stand as only CRIMES, HOWEVER, ARE BEING CHAL- a partial testament to our nation’s LENGED IN COUNTLESS WAYS ACROSS THIS tragic experience with hate and COUNTRY BY STATE AND COUNTY PROSECU- violence. During the 1980s and TORIAL AGENCIES, POLICE DEPARTMENTS, 1990s and continuing into this decade, we have witnessed CIVIL RIGHTS ADVOCACY ORGANIZATIONS, hate crimes directed at African AND OTHERS. IT IS ONLY THROUGH THE Americans, gays and lesbians, CREATIVITY, HARD WORK, AND PASSION women, Jews, Asian Americans, OF THE DEDICATED INDIVIDUALS WHO Latinos, Native Americans, and the physically and mentally disabled. WORK FOR THESE MANY INSTITUTIONS Some of these hate crimes— THAT WE WILL CONQUER HATE, BIAS, the murders of James Byrd, Jr., AND PREJUDICE. in Jasper, Texas, and Matthew Shepard in Laramie, Wyoming— —Nancy Gist have captured the nation’s head- Director lines, whereas too many others Bureau of Justice Assistance have occurred in virtual anonymity. The persistence of hate crimes Bias, prejudice, and the violence throughout our history does not, they engender are not a new phe- however, mean that bias, prejudice, nomenon in America. The trial and and violence are intractable. Across execution of women suspected this country, people are developing of being witches in colonial New new ways to confront hate. A England, the brutal and often deadly monograph published by the treatment of Native Americans Bureau of Justice Assistance (BJA) by westward-moving European recently described six such innova- 1 Americans, the anti-Catholic fervor tive initiatives. This monograph 1 Stephen Wessler, February 2000, Addressing Hate Crimes: Six Initiatives That Are Enhancing the Efforts of Criminal Justice Professionals, Washington, DC: Bureau of Justice Assistance, U.S. Department of Justice. BUREAU OF JUSTICE ASSISTANCE 1 1-Promising Practice monog. 6/29/00 10:16 AM Page 2 PROMISING PRACTICES AGAINST HATE CRIMES describes five additional efforts • The Massachusetts Governor’s funded by BJA as demonstration Task Force on Hate Crimes, a sites. civil rights team project that sponsors student-directed • The Simon Wiesenthal Center’s events and Stop the Hate National Institutes Against Week in schools throughout Hate Crimes, an intensive 4-day the Commonwealth. course that brings together teams of law enforcement pro- Individually, each demonstration fessionals from cities, regions, project presents a new and creative and states to develop new and effort for confronting the nation’s coordinated initiatives to combat problem with hate crimes. Collec- hate crimes. tively, the programs demonstrate that multifaceted approaches are • The San Diego Police Depart- needed to confront, respond to, ment and the Anti-Defamation and prevent hate violence. The League’s Victim Assistance most effective approaches include Project, an innovative collabora- coordination among all compo- tion to provide victims of hate nents of the criminal justice sys- crimes with both immediate and tem, focused efforts to address emotional assistance. the needs of the victims of hate crimes, diversion programs for • The Los Angeles County youth, and activities encouraging District Attorney’s JOLT hate crime prevention in our Program, a comprehensive early schools. Ultimately, our success intervention, prevention, and in decreasing the number of hate diversion initiative addressing crimes will depend upon many teenage perpetrators of hate organizations, both governmental crimes and bias incidents.