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Roger Sessions, Composer and Teacher: a Comparative Analysis of Roger Sessions' Philosophy of Educating Composers and His Approach to Composition in Symphonies No

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Roger Sessions, Composer and Teacher: a Comparative Analysis of Roger Sessions' Philosophy of Educating Composers and His Approach to Composition in Symphonies No ROGER SESSIONS, COMPOSER AND TEACHER: A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF ROGER SESSIONS' PHILOSOPHY OF EDUCATING COMPOSERS AND HIS APPROACH TO COMPOSITION IN SYMPHONIES NO. 2 AND 8 BY STEVEN MORTON KRESS A DISSERTATION PRESENTED TO THE GRADi/aTE COUNCIL OF THE UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA 1982 Copyright 1982 by Steven Morton Kress I '-f—3-- . ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS :>' H This paper represents the efforts of more people than simply the myself. While it is impossible to mention them I all , I would like to extend my great appreciation to those who make the research and writing much easier. ^ First, I would like to thank my committee whose S guidance helped me come to a greater understanding of the subject matter and a greater appreciation of what goes into a work of this magnitude. Thanks also go to G. Schirmer, Inc., who gave permission to reprint excerpts of Sessions' Symphony No. 2 and to Edward B. Marks Music Corporation who gave the same permission for Sessions' Symphony No . 8 . To Roger Sessions, who gave of his time for an interview and answered all my correspondence, I give my undying gratitude. In the beginning steps of my research, questionnaires were sent to several of Sessions' former students. I would like to thank Milton Babbitt and David Diamond for their informative and helpful letters in answer to these questionnaires Thanks go to Don Carlson who gave of his time to help with logistics by moving furniture to house the typing equipment Ill . A thank you also goes to Sandy Carlson, whose artistic expertise was of great assistance in drawing some of the figures Thanks also go to Dr. Morya Willis whose virtuosic skills on the word processor enabled me to present a paper of exemplary appearance. Finally, to my parents, who allowed me to make a shambles of the den while working on the paper, go my love and sincere thanks. IV # ,fc,<w-»»*. »-.^ ;p>. /,»-.*^:Si» .««,,,_^ ;. ,H -a.w-^fc.i TABLE OF CONTENTS PAGE ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS iii LIST OF EXAMPLES vii LIST OF FIGURES xiv ABSTRACT xv CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION 1 Need for the Study 1 Content of the Study 3 Review of Literature 4 II BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCH 9 III EDUCATIONAL PHILOSOPHY OF ROGER SESSIONS 14 Problems of Contemporary Art 15 Problems of Musical Society 18 The Composer 21 Aims of Compositional Training 23 Problems Involved in Training the Composer 24 Materials Used in Training the Composer 26 The University and the Student Composer 28 The Composer-Teacher 29 Aims 30 Methods and Materials 34 The University and the Composer- Teacher 36 The Curriculum 37 Materials 37 Problems of Analysis 40 The Student/Teacher Relationship 42 Programs That Exemplify Sessions' Philosophy 44 Summary of the Educational Philosophy of Roger Sessions 47 ' « -tfJkoN r-titiftesiu^trwjfn'i. ,-^m^>. IV ANALYSIS OF SYMPHONIES NO. 2 AND 8 OF ROGER SESSIONS 51 Orchestral Texture 51 Melody 75 Harmony 98 Rhythm 113 Form 118 V RELATIONSHIP OF ANALYSES OF SYMPHONIES NO. 2 AND 8 TO ROGER SESSIONS' PHILOSOPHY. .. 129 VI SUMMARY 139 Problems of Musical Society , 14 The Composer 14 The Compoer-Teacher „ 141 The Curriculum 142 Comparison of Sessions' Educational Philosophy to Symphonies No. 2 and 8 142 APPENDIX A MUSICAL WORKS 146 APPENDIX B AWARDS RECEIVED 14 8 APPENDIX C MEMBER OF THE FOLLOWING ORGANIZATIONS 149 APPENDIX D EXCERPTS FROM AN INTERVIEW WITH ROGER SESSIONS NOVEMBER 1978 150 BIBLOGRAPHY I55 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCH I59 VI , LIST OF EXAMPLES Example Page 1 Symphony No . 2 , movement no. I, horn, trumpet, clarinet, flute, measures 3-6 52 2 Symphony No. 2 , movement no. I, horn, trumpet, piano, measures 11-12 53 3 Symphony No. 2 , movement no. I, flute, horn, cello, measure 56 54 4 Symphony No. 2 , movement no. I, measure 70 55 5 Symphony No. 2 , movement no. I, measures 40-41 56 6 Symphony No. 2 , movement no. I, trumpet measures 128-129 57 7 Symphony No . 2 , movement no. II, measure 33 58 8 Symphony No. 2 , movement no. II, measures 44-46 59 9 Symphony No. 2 , movement no. II, oboe, bassoon, measures 63-64 60 10 Symphony No . 2 , movement no. Ill, oboe, clarinet, bassoon, measures 10-13 61 11 Symphony No. 2 , movement no. Ill, measure 47 62 12 Symphony No . 2 , movement no. Ill, measure 59 63 13 Symphony No. 2 , movement no. IV, English horn, clarinet, trumpet, measures 47-49 64 Vll , , , ,, 14 Symphony No . 2 , movement no. IV, trombone measure 73 65 15 Symphony No. 2 , movement no. IV, measure 115 56 16 Symphony No. 2 , movement no. IV, measures 183-185 67 17 Symphony No. 8 , movement no. I, measures 21-22 69 18 Symphony No . 8 , movement no. I, measure 59 71 19 Symphony No. 8 , movement no. I, measures 45-47 72 20 Symphony No. 8 , movement no. II, flute, oboe, harp, measures 119-121 74 21 Symphony No. 2 , movement no. I, horn measures 3-4 76 22 Symphony No. 2 , movement no. I, trumpet, piccolo, violin, measures 4-8 77 23 Symphony No. 2 , movement no. I, trurtpet measures 11-12 77 24 Symphony No. 2 , movement no. I, violin measures 57-60 78 25 A Symphony No . 2 , movement no. II, oboe measures 1-4 79 25B Symphony No . 2 , movement no. II, clarinet measures 7-11 79 26 Symphony No. 2 , movement no. II, clarinet measures 29-32 80 Vlll ,, , , 27 Symphony No. 2 , movement no. Ill, viola, cello, bass, measures 1-4 80 28 Symphony No. 2 , movement no. Ill, clarinet measures 31-35 81 29 Symphony No. 2 , movement no. IV, cello measure 1 82 30 Symphony No. 2 , movement no. IV, flute, measures 6-7 82 31 Symphony No. 2 , movement no. IV, English horn, measures 76-80 83 32 Symphony No. 2 , movement no. IV, flute measures 59-61 83 33 Symphony No. 8 , movement no, I, row with Hanson Analysis, measures 1-5 84 34 Symphony No. 8 , movement no. I, violin, measure 61 84 35 Symphony No. 8 , movement no. I, clarinet, measures 68-70 85 36 Symphony No. 8 , movement no. II, violin measures 143-144 85 37 Symphony No. 8 , movement no. I, tonal sequence with Hanson Analysis, measures 12-13 87 38 Symphony No. 8 , movement no. I, tonal sequence with Hanson Analysis, measures 13-15 87 39 Symphony No. 8 , movement no. I, tonal sequence with Hanson Analysis, measures 18-20 88 IX , , 40 Symphony No. 8 , movement no. I, tonal sequence with Hanson Analysis, measures 21-25 88 41 Symphony No. 8 , movement no. I, tonal sequence with Hanson Analysis, measures 27-28 89 42 Symphony No. 8 , movement no. I, tonal sequence with Hanson Analysis, measures 31-35 89 43 Symphony No. 8 , movement no. II, violin, measures 81-83 with Hanson Analysis 90 44 Symphony No. 8 , movement no. II, piccolo in measure 107, clarinet in measure 107, English horn in measure 107, tonal sequence with Hanson Analysis 90 45 Symphony No. 8 , movement no. II, tonal sequence with Hanson Analysis, measures 123-128 91 46 Symphony No. 8 , movement no. II, violin, measures 129-131 with Hanson Analysis... 91 47 Symphony No. 8 , movement no. II, flute measures 137-138 with Hanson Analysis... 92 48 Symphony No. 8 , movement no. II, clarinet measures 155-157 with Hanson Analysis 92 49 Symphony No. 8 , movement no. II, tonal sequence with Hanson Analysis, measures 166-169 93 50 Symphony No. 8 , movement no. II, tonal sequence with Hanson Analysis, measures 179-180 94 51 Symphony No. 8 , movement no. II, tonal sequence with Hanson Analysis, measures 221-223 94 , , , 52 Symphony No. 8 , movement no. II, tonal sequence with Hanson Analysis, measures 237-242 95 53 Symphony No. 8 , movement no. I, bassoon, measures 8-9 95 54 Symphony No. 8 , movement no. I, violin measures 51-52 96 55 Tonal relationships of the sections of Symphony No. 2 , movement no. 1 98 56 Chordal sonority. Symphony No . 2 , movement no. I, measure 1 99 57 Chordal sonority. Symphony No. 2 , movement no. I, measure 22 99 58 Chordal sonority. Symphony No. 2 , movement no. I, measure 55 99 59 Chordal sonority. Symphony No. 2 , movement no. I, measure 78 100 60 Chordal sonority. Symphony No . 2 , movement no. I, measure 146 100 61 Chordal sonority. Symphony No. 2 , movement no. I, measure 171 101 62 Symphony No. 2 , movement no. I, cello measure 173 101 63 A Symphony No . 2 , movement no. II, oboe measure 1 102 63 B Symphony No. 2 , movement no. II, clarinet, measure 29 102 XI , , , 63C Symphony No. 2 , movement no. II, trumpet measure 37 102 64 Tonal relationships of the sections of Symphony No . 2 , movement no. Ill 102 65 Symphony No . 2 , movement no. Ill, measures 75-78 103 66 Tonal relationships of the sections of Symphony No. 2 , movement no. IV 104 67 Tonal relationships of the first section of Symphony No . 2 , movement no. IV 104 68 Tonal relationships of the middle section of Symphony No. 2 , movement no . IV 104 69 Symphony No . 8 , movement no. II, flute , oboe measures 119-121 105 70 Symphony No. 8 , movement no. II, bassoon measures 122-125 106 71 Symphony No . 8 , movement no. II, horn, measures 125-127 106 72A Symphony No. 8 , movement no. II, piano, measure 128 107 72 B Symphony No . 8 , movement no. II, clarinet measures 129-131 107 73 Symphony No . 8 , movement no. II, clarinet measures 149-151 107 74 Symphony No .
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