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Founders of the Message 270 J. N, ANDREWS FOUNDERS OF THE MESSAGE FOUNDERS of the MESSAGE By EVERETT DICK, PH.D. Professor of History, Union College Author of "The Sod-House Frontier" Review and Herald Publishing Association Takoma Park, Washington, D.C. PRINTED IN U.S.A. Copyright, 1938, by the Review and Herald Publishing Association CONTENTS WILLIAM MILLER, Father of the Advent Movement in America 13 JOSHUA V. HIMES, The Great Publicity Agent 69 JOSEPH BATES, Pioneer of the Pioneers Among Seventh-day Adventists 105 JAMES WHITE, The Father of the Pub- lishing Work 155 ELLEN G. WHITE, Messenger of God 199 J. N. LOUGHBOROUGH, Chronicler of Pio- neer Days 251 JOHN NEVINS ANDREWS, Pioneer Theolo- gian, Defender of the Sabbath, First Overseas Worker 299 DEDICATED To my children, Donald, Lorle Ann, and Arthur, with the hope that this volume will give them a clearer vision of the life for others and a greater love for the "faith of our fathers." PREFACE THE advent movement in America was con- ceived by honest men who were willing to re- ceive truth when it came to them. In sincerity they accepted and lived it, expecting in a short time to be translated. Following the great disappointment, all groped in darkness. From the midst of confusion there emerged three strong characters, two men and a woman. These, like Moses, Aaron, and Miriam of old, who led the children of Israel out of Egyptian bondage, led God's people out of the darkness of disappointment and despair into the light of abiding faith. These three—Joseph Bates, James White, and Ellen White—were soon joined by others, and together they labored amid poverty and hardship. In this volume it has been my purpose to present the inspirational incidents in the lives of these leaders and their associates without any attempt to discover their human weak- nesses or foibles. I make no claim that the volume is a critical; scientific history, but have FOUNDERS OF THE MESSAGE frankly attempted to produce a popular work which will inspire to nobler living and greater self-sacrifice the young people of this denomi- nation, which the founders gave their all to establish. The sturdy characters who made history are waiting to reenact the scenes of the past for you. Turn the page. EVERETT DICK. I0 CHAPTER ONE WILLIAM MILLER WILLIAM MILLER Father of the Advent Movement in America ILLIAM MILLER, the eldest of six- Wteen children, was born February 15, 1782, at Pittsfield, Massachusetts. His father, a soldier in the Revolutionary War, had mar- ried at the close of that struggle and estab- lished his home in western Massachusetts. No doubt the soldier's impoverished condi- tion in early married life was due to the great sacrifices and sufferings which he, like others, endured in his country's struggle for freedom. When his eldest son, William, was yet a child only four years of age, the war veteran moved to the region of New York just south of Lake Champlain in a district called Low Hampton. Mr. Miller's wife was Paulina Phelps, the daughter of Elnathan Phelps, who was pastor of a near-by Baptist church in Vermont. His presence in this frontier region doubtless ac- counted for the location of the young couple, who were seeking a home of their own and an easier livelihood in the region of cheap land and ample opportunity. The young soldier, 13 FOUNDERS OF THE MESSAGE although poor in this world's goods, was rich in courage and fortitude. The farm selected in the new location con- sisted of about one hundred acres, and was rented for the sum of twenty bushels of wheat annually. This amount, which seems small in a day of machinery, was no mean amount in a day when wheat was sown by hand, cut with a cradle, and threshed with a flail. As was the manner on the frontier, a clearing was made and a rude log house was built from the felled trees. The first few years of life in a new country are filled with hardships and priva- tion, and William grew up in this environ- ment. With land to clear, brush to grub, and other toil incidental to life in an unexploited region, he developed a rugged physique and learned the lessons to be gained from working with the hands. Since he was the eldest child, these responsibilities fell especially upon him. But being the eldest child was not without its blessings, for it developed in him an initiative, independence, and leadership which is denied younger and more protected children. As was customary in the West at that time, the length of the school term was but three months each winter. William's mother taught him to read and write, and when the district school opened, he entered an advanced class. 14 WILLIAM MILLER In that little "brush college," with its half- illiterate teachers, he received his entire for- mal education. At first the only reading mat- ter available in the home Was a Bible, a songbook, and a prayer book. In time other volumes were added to this scanty supply of reading material. The first volume which the intellectually famished lad obtained, was a copy of "Robinson Crusoe." Eager for this book, he entreated and cajoled his father into allowing him to earn the money for the pur- chase of the prized volume by chopping wood at leisure hours. A few other volumes were secured in this manner, but the great contribution to young Miller's reading was made by educated gen- tlemen living in the community who took an interest in him and lent the ambitious boy volumes from their comparatively large libraries. Among these were a Congressman, a judge, and a man of some education who had migrated from Scotland, bringing a con- siderable number of books. Through the good will of these men he became an ardent student of history, and accumulated a store of historical facts during a period of his life when it was most easily grasped by his retentive memory. The parents, who hoped by dint of hard work and economy to save up enough money 15 FOUNDERS OF THE MESSAGE to buy the farm on which they lived, felt they could not afford the luxury of candles. This led William to the expedient of using pine knots. He selected pitch wood, split off long slivers, and put them in a convenient place for use during the long winter evenings. This difficulty solved, another presented it- self when the spring work opened up. Wil- liam's father feared that his night reading might interfere with his efficiency as a farm- hand, and insisted that his son go to bed at the same time as the rest of the family. With good books bursting with intellectual food, he could not wait until another day had passed in order to enjoy the feast; and when the other mem- bers of the family were asleep, he was accus- tomed to slip around to the fireplace, thrust a pitch stick into the embers, and lying flat in front of the fireplace, spend the midnight hours in reading. When the fire grew dim, he held another stick in the embers until the heat fried the pitch out of the wood and re- newed the blaze. He read until the book was finished, or as long as he dared, and then crept stealthily back to his bed. This piece of decep- tion in due time brought him to the verge of disaster. His father woke one night, and see- ing the blaze from the burning stick, thought the house was on fire. Hurrying from his bed and finding the cause of the disturbance, he 16 WILLIAM MILLER pursued his flying son with a whip, breathing out threats of punishment. As the circumstances of the family im- proved, the log house gave way to a comfort- able frame building, in which William had a room all his own. Now he had the means to enjoy an occasional new book, perused in luxury by the light of a candle. He became known in the neighborhood for his learning and his cleverness with a pen. He was often called upon to write verses, compose letters, and execute penmanship designs. He seems otherwise to have attained the recognition of the public, for he was promoted to the office of sergeant in the militia. In June, 1803, he was married to Miss Lucy Smith, who lived just across the State line in Vermont, some six miles from his father's home. The couple settled in the bride's home community near Poultney, Vermont, where Mr. Miller took up the occupation of farming. In his childhood, William Miller had been taught at his mother's knee to revere the Scrip- tures as a revelation of God to man. As he grew older, he was perplexed at what he thought were inconsistencies and contradic- tions which he was unable to harmonize or explain. Not doubting the authenticity of the Holy_ Book, and being exceedingly anxious to reconcile all its various parts, he attempted 2 17 FOUNDERS OF THE MESSAGE to have these difficulties removed by preachers, but these men either gave the opinion of com- mentators, often contradictory, or told him that they themselves did not understand them, and that he could not, for God had hidden the meaning. This had perplexed him more than ever, and had left him in a receptive attitude for skepticism. One feature of his new home which gave him more pleasure and satisfaction than any other was a public library.
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