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First Record of Choerades Rufipes (Fallén, 1814) for the Iberian

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First Record of Choerades Rufipes (Fallén, 1814) for the Iberian First record of Choerades rufipes (Fallén, 1814) for the Iberian Peninsula (Diptera: Brachycera: Asilidae) Primera cita de Choerades rufipes (Fallén, 1814) para la Península Ibérica (Diptera: Brachycera: Asilidae) Piluca Álvarez Fidalgo 1, Reinoud van den Broek 2, Ramon M. Batlle 3 1. Co-coordinator of the Diptera group of Biodiversidad Virtual – Madrid (Spain) – [email protected] 2. Expert in Asilidae of Biodiversidad Virtual – Tilburg (The Netherlands) – [email protected] 3. User of BiodiversidadVirtual.org – Lleida (Spain) – [email protected] ABSTRACT: In this paper the robber fly Choerades rufipes (Fallén, 1814) is presented as a new species for the fauna of the Iberian Peninsula. In addition, a key for the identification of the Iberian species of the genus Choerades Walker, 1851 is provided. KEY WORDS: Choerades rufipes (Fallén, 1814), Laphriinae, Asilidae, Diptera, Catalonia, Spain, Iberian Peninsula. RESUMEN: El presente artículo da a conocer al asílido Choerades rufipes (Fallén, 1814) como especie nueva para la fauna de la Península Ibérica. Se proporciona además una clave para la identificación de las especies ibéricas del género Choerades Walker, 1851. PALABRAS CLAVE: Choerades rufipes (Fallén, 1814), Laphriinae, Asilidae, Diptera, Cataluña, España, Península Ibérica. Introduction The larvae of the robber flies (Asilidae) need several years to develop before they pupate and emerge as adult flies. In most species, this happens in the soil. However, in the case of the subfamily Laphriinae, many species lay their eggs on decaying wood, in which their larvae develop in the burrows of beetle larvae. In Europe, the tribe Laphriini (subfamily Laphriinae), is represented by the spectacular bumble bee mimics of the genus Laphria Meigen, 1804 and the similar, though somewhat smaller species of the genus Choerades Walker, 1851 (MARSHALL, 2012; DE BREE et al., 2014; VAN DEN BROEK & ÁLVAREZ FIDALGO, 2016). Until recently, six species of Choerades were known from the Iberian Peninsula: Choerades dioctriaeformis (Meigen, 1820), Choerades fimbriata (Meigen, 1820), Choerades fuliginosa (Panzer, 1798), Choerades fulva (Meigen, 1804), Choerades gilva (Linnaeus, 1758) and Choerades marginata (Linnaeus, 1758) (PORTILLO et al., 2002; CARLES-TOLRÁ, 2016). In July 2015, the third author photographed a BVnPC, 6 (79): 83-89 (2017) 83 remarkable Choerades species with red legs in Alt Àneu (Lleida province), in the Alt Pirineu Natural Park. The specimen was identified by the first author as Choerades rufipes (Fallén, 1814). The specimen was not collected then, but the species was photographed again and collected by the third author at a nearby area, on 20-VII-2017. The specimen was sent to the second author who confirmed the identification. C. rufipes is presented here as a new species for Spain and the Iberian Peninsula, raising the number of Choerades species in the territory to seven. Material and methods Both specimens were photographed in the wild with a Canon EOS 100D camera and a Canon macro lens 100 mm (BATLLE, 2017a; 2017b). The specimen collected in 2017 (Fig. 1) was studied using an Olympus X-Tr microscope, and photographed with a Nikon D300 camera fitted with a Sigma macro lens 105 mm (Figs. 2 and 3). The specimen is in the collection of the second author under reference number RB170901. All the available Laphriinae specimens in the Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales de Madrid (MNCN) have been checked but not one specimen of this species has been found. Fig. 1: Choerades rufipes (Fallén, 1814). Male in its natural habitat, Alt Àneu (Lleida), 20-VII-2017, (BATLLE, 2017b). http://www.biodiversidadvirtual.org/insectarium/Choerades-rufipes-(Fallén-1814)-img921802.html Recognition The tribe Laphriini is represented by two genera in Europe, Choerades and Laphria. They are stout flies with rather short and powerful legs. They can be recognised by the absence of a visible arista on the tip of the third antennal segment and the laterally flattened proboscis. Most species of Choerades can be separated from Laphria by the absence of long erect hairs on the thorax and abdomen and the presence of BVnPC, 6 (79): 83-89 (2017) 84 noticeable, adpressed shiny, golden yellow or white hair above and along the margins of the facial gibbosity. C. rufipes is easily recognised as it is the only Choerades species with entirely red legs and black tarsi. Fig. 2: Choerades rufipes (Fallén, 1814). Male, pinned specimen, lateral view. (Photo: Reinoud van den Broek) Fig. 3: Choerades rufipes (Fallén, 1814). Male, pinned specimen, dorsal view and head in frontal view. (Photos: Reinoud van den Broek) BVnPC, 6 (79): 83-89 (2017) 85 Key to the identification of the species of the genus Choerades recorded on the Iberian Peninsula As a key for the identification of Choerades on the Iberian Peninsula has never been published before, the authors consider it important to write one to help identify specimens within the territory. The key includes all species recorded up to this date. It also includes Choerades ignea (Meigen, 1820), a species very close to C. gilva whose identity as a valid species has recently been demonstrated (DE BREE et al., 2014). This species is very likely present in mainland territory and also might have been misidentified as C. gilva in the past. The key has been written using the works by SÉGUY (1927), ENGEL (1930), GELLER-GRIMM (2005), DE BREE et al. (2014) and VAN DEN BROEK & SCHULTEN (2017). 1(a) Legs red, tarsi black ……………………………….…...……..…………….. C. rufipes (Fallén, 1814) 1(b) Legs completely black …………………..……...……………………………………………...….…. 2 2(a) Tergites with red markings, covered with reddish pile hair ….…………………..………...………... 3 2(b) Tergites entirely black, covered, more or less densely with yellowish and white pile hair …………. 4 3(a) Mystax mainly formed of black bristles; postocular hairs largely black; bristles on margin of scutellum black; red markings on the abdomen starting from tergite 2; first sternite shiny ..………………… ………………………………………………….……………………..…..……...…. C. gilva (Linnaeus, 1758) 3(b) Mystax mainly formed of yellow bristles; postocular hairs largely yellow; bristles on margin of scutellum yellow; orange-red markings on the abdomen starting from tergite 1; first sternite with brown dusting …………………………………………………………………..………..…. C. ignea (Meigen, 1820) 4(a) Scutum covered in dense furry hair, particularly in the posterior area; antennae long, placed slightly apart; first antennal segment 3.5-4 times longer than the second; a very bee like species ………………..…… ………………………………………………………………..……..……..…….. C. fuliginosa (Panzer, 1798) 4(b) Scutum without such furry hair ………………………………………………………….…………... 5 5(a) First antennal segment clearly longer than twice the length of the second; anepisternum dusted greyish and covered with black and yellowish white hairs; abdomen sparsely covered with brownish yellow and white hair ……………………………………………………………………..………………………….. 6 5(b) First antennal segment shorter than twice the length of the second; anepisternum dusted yellowish and densely covered with yellow hair in the middle; most of the tergites densely covered with adpressed golden yellow hair ……………………………………………………....…………………………...….……. 7 6(a) First antennal segment about 3 times as long as the second. Males: tergites 1-3 with white hairs only …...…………….……………..…………………………...………….…… C. dioctriaeformis (Meigen, 1820) 6(b) First antennal segment about 2-2.5 times as long as the second. Males: at most the first two tergites with white hairs only ………………….………………………..………..…… C. marginata (Linnaeus, 1758) 7(a) Only the first tergite covered with white hairs (only males*) .….....….... C. fimbriata (Meigen, 1820) 7(b) The first two tergites covered with white hairs (only males*) .……..…….… C. fulva (Meigen, 1804) * Females cannot be separated based on external characters. Habitat C. rufipes is a montane species living in coniferous forests (VAN DEN BROEK & SCHULTEN, 2017). In Spain, the species has been found on the edge of a mixed forest of black pine and centenary firs known as the Bonabé Forest and it has always been observed perched on dead trunks and adjacent small branches (Fig. 4). This area is located very close to the cross-country ski resort of Bonabé (nowadays without activity) as well as areas with livestock and is surrounded by a protected area of high scenic value as is the Alt Pirineu Natural Park (the largest Natural Park of Catalonia with an area close to 70,000 hectares). However, this area where C. rufipes has been repeatedly found, is placed in one of the exclusion zones of the Park. BVnPC, 6 (79): 83-89 (2017) 86 Fig. 4: Habitat of Choerades rufipes (Fallén, 1814). Bonabé Forest, Lleida, 20-VII-2017. (Photo: Ramon M. Batlle) Distribution C. rufipes is an exclusively European species (LEHR, 1988) known at present from Austria, Czech Republic, France, Germany, Italy, Romania, Slovakia, Sweden and Switzerland (GELLER-GRIMM, 2013). In Spain, the species is only known from the mentioned observations in the Pyrenees. However, as the Asilidae of the Iberian Peninsula are still very poorly studied, it is very likely that the species has been overlooked. The maps of Fig. 5 show the location of the area where C. rufipes was found, both within Spain and Catalonia. For the location within Catalonia map, the 10 × 10 km grid map of Spain has been used (MINISTERIO DE AGRICULTURA Y PESCA, ALIMENTACIÓN Y MEDIO AMBIENTE, 2017). Fig. 5: Maps showing the placement of Alt Pirineu Natural Park within Spain and Catalonia, where the specimens of Choerades
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