Holism in Deep Ecology and Gaia-Theory: a Contribution to Eco-Geological

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Holism in Deep Ecology and Gaia-Theory: a Contribution to Eco-Geological M. Katičić Holism in Deep Ecology and Gaia-Theory: A Contribution to Eco-Geological... ISSN 1848-0071 UDC 171+179.3=111 Recieved: 2013-02-25 Accepted: 2013-03-25 Original scientific paper HOLISM IN DEEP ECOLOGY AND GAIA-THEORY: A CONTRIBUTION TO ECO-GEOLOGICAL SCIENCE, A PHILOSOPHY OF LIFE OR A NEW AGE STREAM? MARINA KATINIĆ Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Zagreb, Croatia e-mail: [email protected] In the second half of 20th century three approaches to phenomenon of life and environmental crisis relying to a holistic method arose: ecosophy that gave impetus to the deep ecology movement, Gaia-hypothesis that evolved into an acceptable scientific theory and gaianism as one of the New Age spiritual streams. All of this approaches have had different methodologies, but came to analogous conclusions on relation man-ecosystem. The goal of the paper is to introduce the three approaches' theoretical and practical outcomes, compare them and evaluate their potency to stranghten responsibility of man towards Earth ecosystem which is a self-regulating whole which humanity is part of. Key words: holism, ecosophy, deep ecology movement, gaia-theory, new age, responsibility. Holizam u dubinskoj ekologiji i teoriji Geje: doprinos ekogeološkoj znanosti, filozofija života ili struja New agea? U drugoj polovici 20. stoljeća pojavila su se tri pristupa fenomenu života i ekološkoj krizi s osloncem u holističkoj metodi: ekozofija koja je dala poticaj razvoju pokreta dubinske ekologije, hipoteza Geje koja se razvila u prihvatljivu znanstvenu teoriju i gajanizam kao jedna od New Age duhovnih struja. Ova su se tri pristupa služila različitim metodama, no došla su do analognih zaključaka o odnosu čovjek-ekosustav. Cilj je rada predstaviti navedena tri pristupa, usporediti ih i vrednovati njihovu snagu u podupiranju čovjekove pdgovornosti prema sustavu Zemlje, samoregulativnoj cjelini koje je čovječanstvo dio. Ključne riječi: holizam, ekozofija, pokret dubinske ekologije, teorija geje, new age, odgovornost. INTRODUCTION After having observed the Earth from „tribalistic“ as microbiology and ecology space in 1966, J. Lovelock, English chemist investigated geoevolution and bioevolution and inventor, started to ponder upon a as two separated objects of research. definition and metamechanism of life as a Eventually, he developed a certain global phenomenon. As such he philosophy of life that depends on an metaphorically described the Planet as a integral epistemology – comprising intuition, superorganism./and had a metaphorical experimental science and aesthetical vision of the Planet as a superorganism. fascination. Starting from that vision, not only did he The ideas of A. Naess' ecosophy T come to significant results in Gaia-theory, and the deep ecology movement turned to but he also gave a constructive critic of a have many parallels with Lovelock's notion modern scientific methodology. He criticised of Gaia. Interestingly, both conceptions got the methodology as being reductive and their spiritual and (pseudo)religious The Holistic Approach to Environment 3(2013)1, 3-14 Page 3 M. Katičić Holism in Deep Ecology and Gaia-Theory: A Contribution to Eco-Geological... recognition and interpretation in some New establishing a solid theoretical ground to Age discourses, as they both suggest not just human responsability towards life [1:25]. a cosmic interdependency of beings, but a The paper aims to expose and briefly certain holism refering to human self. compare the two variants of eco-holism; A philosophical approach to an deep ecology and Gaia theory, with special ecological crisis comes down to a regard to position of Croatian historian and fundamental question which relies on a ecological writer Tomislav Markus. It also paradoxical question: how can life, at a aims to shortly consider the relation between certain stage of its natural existence in time – all the three dimensions of relation man – the subjectivity of homo faber – come to the Earth System – scientific, philosophical and point of addressing its own life in form of (pseudo) religious, as well as between threat to his survival? The solution to this is holism and reductionism, in order to value it highly problematic as it deals with critically as possible theoretical paths contradictory moments in human condition. towards responsibility and sustainability. However, it is a crucial question to DEEP ECOLOGY AND EVOLUTIONARY DARWINISM Terms ecosophy and deep ecology framework cosmos is perceived as an were introduced in 1972 by Norwegian organic whole, with species being equal philosopher and environmental activist Arne partners in maintenance of the equilibrium, Naess, meaning philosophy of ecological which opposes ecoanthropocentric paradigm. harmony or equilibrium: Naess differs two possible types of “A philosophy as a kind of sofia (or) environmetalism which need not be wisdom, is openly normative, it contains neccessarily compatible: a long-range, deep both norms, rules, postulates, value priority ecology and a shallow ecological movement announcements and hypotheses concerning based on mainstream anthropocentric and the state of affairs in our universe. Wisdom technoconsumer thinking, that rely on is policy wisdom, prescription, not only instrumental rationality. In Naess the scientific description and prediction. The attribute „deep“ suggests a grade of details of an ecosophy will show many theoretical questioning on purposes and variations due to significant differences norms.[3] The proccess that he advocates concerning not only the „facts‟ of pollution, seeks to move from initial theoretical resources, population, etc. but also value (“deep”) assumptions towards practical priorities.” [2:8] actions – a cyclic method having a deductive Naess‟ precursors were Aldo beginning that strives towards concrete, to Leopold‟s land ethics (1887-1848) and come again to the original point. Rachel Carson‟s environmentalism (1907- However, deep ecology gives primate 1964) that suggested that man should hold to ontology, not ethics, arguing that back from deserting nature for short-term settlement of a mentality preceeds social purposes of civilisation. action. Deep means an ecology asking basic However, ecosophy must be distinguished philosophical questions such as man's from deep ecology movement which, position in the cosmos, mehcanism and although related to it, is theoretically broader meaning of life as a complex and global and practice-driven. In ecosophical phenomenon. At the other hand, Naess was The Holistic Approach to Environment 3(2013)1, 3-14 Page 4 M. Katičić Holism in Deep Ecology and Gaia-Theory: A Contribution to Eco-Geological... aware that ecological movements often have argues be a fundamental human attitude populistic and international character, having towards life. Flourishing of mankind is their actors starting from different possible only if the other species fulfill their philosophies and worldviews, implying full evolutionary potential, too. variety of cultural and social structures that Consequently, deep ecology aim to solve ecological conflicts, depending advocates biospheric egalitarianism, on local context – so more peculiar diversity, social symbiosis, anticlass posture, ecosophies are possible. complexity instead of complication, local The core of Naess‟ concept of any authonomy and decentralisation.[5] possible ecosophy is thesis that all beings The other authors have developed have value in themselves and that somewhat different ecosophies oriented biodiversity and cultural variety are values towards social theory of communication, per se. He calls his personal philosophy transpersonal psychology or religious ecosophy T [4], as being influenced by thought. As being aware of the differences Norwegian movement of living in the open between various deep ecological air (friluftsliv), Mahayana buddhism (all backgrounds, in 1984 Naess has developed world is unity) and Spinozian pantheism. (in cooperation with George Sessions) well- This means understanding an known eight fundamental principles that ecosystem in terms of interdependence, integrate deep ecology movement providing interconnectedness and life network in a platform, distinguishing it from more opposition to anthropocentrism which general ecological movement. Four of them suggests a hierarchy of beings and are highlighted as directly relevant for the instrumentalizing the other species to man's topic: purposes. The underlying goal that Naess 1. The well-being and flourishing of promotes is self-realization – the obsession human and non-human life on Earth have of modern man – however, not only for value in themselves. These values are humanity, but for all living beings. The independent of the usefulness of the non- author distinguishes a narrow egoistic self human world for human purposes. from a broadened, ecological Self. The 2. Richness and diversity of life broadend self can be reached in more ways: forms contribute to the realization of these Naess mostly speaks of extension of values and are also values in themselves. identification. Man has a natural capacity to 3. Humans have no right to reduce identify with the other and should cherish this richness and diversity except to satisfy this. Insofar he manages to identify with vital needs. other human nonhuman beings, he 7. The ideological change is mainly acomplishes an inner integration and a sane, that of appreciating quality (dwelling in extended ego. Thus, Self-realization for all situations of inherent worth) rather than beings!
Recommended publications
  • Earth System Science and Policy (ESSP) - 1
    Earth System Science and Policy (ESSP) - 1 ESSP 420. Sustainable Energy. 3 Credits. Earth System Science This course is an interdisciplinary exploration of Sustainable Energy. The interdisciplinary exploration includes the analysis of renewable energy systems as well as the socio-economical, political, and environmental aspects and Policy (ESSP) of renewable energy. The course will specifically analyze the origin and dimensions of global energy issues and identify how renewable energy issues and policies are critical to the sustainable future of global environmental quality, Courses economic growth, social justice, and democracy. S, even years. ESSP 160. Sustainability & Society. 3 Credits. ESSP 450. Environmental and Natural Resource Economics. 3 Credits. Human interactions with the natural environment are often perceived as This course will cover the general topics in the field of environmental and conflicts between environmental protection and socio-economics. Sustainability natural resource economics: market failure, pollution regulation, the valuation attempts to redefine that world view by seeking balance between the 'three of environmental amenities, renewable and non-renewable resources Es' -environment, economy, equity. This course examines the concept of management, and the economics of biodiversity conservation, climate change sustainability, the theory behind it, and what it means for society. F. and sustainability. The course has a strong focus on the interaction between human society and natural environmental systems and the connection between ESSP 200. Sustainability Science. 3 Credits. market equilibrium and social sustainability. F, odd years. This course will provide an integrated, system-oriented introduction on the concepts, theories and issues surrounding a sustainable future for humans ESSP 460. Global Environmental Policy.
    [Show full text]
  • Accessing Earth System Science Data and Applications Through High-Bandwidth Networks
    University of Nebraska - Lincoln DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln Computer Science and Engineering, Department CSE Journal Articles of 6-1995 Accessing Earth System Science Data and Applications Through High-Bandwidth Networks R. Vetter IEE M. Ali University of North Dakota M. Daily IEE J. Gabrynowic University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, N Sunil G. Narumalani University of Nebraska-Lincoln, [email protected] See next page for additional authors Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/csearticles Part of the Computer Sciences Commons Vetter, R.; Ali, M.; Daily, M.; Gabrynowic, J.; Narumalani, Sunil G.; Nygard, K.; Perrizo, W.; Ram, P.; Reichenbach, S.; Seielstad, G. A.; and White, W., "Accessing Earth System Science Data and Applications Through High-Bandwidth Networks" (1995). CSE Journal Articles. 7. https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/csearticles/7 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Computer Science and Engineering, Department of at DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. It has been accepted for inclusion in CSE Journal Articles by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. Authors R. Vetter, M. Ali, M. Daily, J. Gabrynowic, Sunil G. Narumalani, K. Nygard, W. Perrizo, P. Ram, S. Reichenbach, G. A. Seielstad, and W. White This article is available at DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln: https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/ csearticles/7 IEEE JOURNAL ON SELECTED AREAS IN COMMUNICATIONS. VOL. 13. NO. 5, JUNE 199.5 Accessing Earth System Science Data and Applications Through High-Bandwidth Networks R. Vetter, Member, IEEE, M. Ali, M. Daily, Member, IEEE, J. Gabrynowicz, S. Narumalani, K. Nygard, Member, IEEE, W.
    [Show full text]
  • Earth System Science Envst-Ua.340.1 Prof
    EARTH SYSTEM SCIENCE ENVST-UA.340.1 PROF. RAMPINO Spring 2020 Class meets Tuesday/Thursday, 3:30 to 4:45 PM in Room B07, 45 W. 4th St. Lectures: Prof. Michael R. Rampino (Departments of Biology and Environmental Studies). Office: 1157 Brown Bldg.; Office phone: 212-998-3743; Cell: 718-578-1442; e-mail: [email protected] Office Hours: 1 to 3 PM Tuesdays and Thursdays or contact me for an appointment. Earth System Science examines our current view of planet Earth as a complex system involving interactions among the atmosphere, oceans, solid earth, and life. Emphasis is placed on the dynamics and evolution of these systems over time, and predictions for the future. The subject matter includes observations from space; planetary habitability, the Goldilocks Problem; the Gaia Hypothesis; geophysics and plate tectonics; the rock cycle; the circulation of the oceans and atmosphere; cycles of elements essential for life; the co-evolution of climate and life on Earth. The course will include lectures, discussion and videos. _____________________________________________________________________ REQUIRED READING: 1 1) Skinner, B.J and Murck, B. W. The Blue Planet, 3rd edition. (Wiley, 2011). This book is expensive, and not in the bookstore. There are used copies available on Amazon. If you want to purchase the e-version, that is also OK. 2) Zalasiewicz, J. and Williams, M. The Goldilocks Planet (Oxford, 2012, paper). Order from Amazon. COURSE REQUIREMENTS: The grading in the course will be based on performance in three exams (2 quizzes and final quiz) and homework assignments (There will be homework assignments every week). A great deal of factual information and a number of new concepts will be introduced in this course; it is essential to keep up in the readings and to attend the lectures/discussions.
    [Show full text]
  • Introduction to Earth System Science Fall 2016 T and Th at 9:30 – 11:00 (And 1 Lab Section/Week) Davis Hall 534 Professor: Dr
    Geography 40: Introduction to Earth System Science Fall 2016 T and Th at 9:30 – 11:00 (and 1 lab section/week) Davis Hall 534 Professor: Dr. Laurel Larsen ([email protected]) 595 McCone Hall Office hrs: Tue 11:00 a.m-1:00 p.m. Graduate Student Instructors: Saalem Adera ([email protected]). 565 McCone Office Hrs: Tue 4:00 p.m.-6:00 p.m. Yi Jiao ([email protected]). 598 McCone Office Hrs: Friday 10:45 a.m.-12:45 p.m. Labs: lab attendance is mandatory. Meet in computer lab at 535 McCone Hall (1) Mon 3-5 p.m. GSI: Saalem Adera (2) Tue 2-4 p.m. GSI: Saalem Adera (3) Wed 2-4 p.m. GSI: Yi Jiao (4) Fri 8:30-10:30 a.m. GSI: Yi Jiao Labs start on the week of August 29. Course website – on b-courses, https://bcourses.berkeley.edu . Lecture slides will be posted on this site the night before the lecture (may be as late as midnight). Required Text: Environmental Geology: An earth systems science approach, 2nd Ed. by D. Merritts, K. Menking, and A. DeWet. Copies will be placed on 2-hr reserve in the Earth Science and Map Library (basement of McCone Hall) Grading (tentative, subject to change): Labs 36% 12 labs Midterm 20% Tuesday, October 18, 2016 in-class Final Exam 30% Exam Group 7: Tuesday, December 13, 3-6 pm Journal article synopsis 4% Due Thursday, November 17, 2016 in class In-class participation 10% PLEASE NOTE: • Taking both the midterm and final is required in order to pass the course.
    [Show full text]
  • Earth Science Education As a Key Component of Education for Sustainability
    sustainability Review Earth Science Education as a Key Component of Education for Sustainability Clara Vasconcelos 1,* and Nir Orion 2,* 1 Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR), Science Teaching Unit (UEC) & Department of Geosciences, Environment and Spatial Planning (DGAOT), Faculty of Sciences (FCUP), University of Porto, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal 2 Science Teaching Department, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel * Correspondence: [email protected] (C.V.); [email protected] (N.O.); Tel.: +97-289-344-043 (C.V.); +220-402-462 (N.O.) Abstract: Environmental insight has emerged as a new scientific concept which incorporates the understanding that the Earth is made up of interworking subsystems and the acceptance that humans must act in harmony with the Earth’s dynamic balanced cycle. This Earth system competency represents the highest level of knowing and understanding in the geosciences community. Humans have an important role as participative beings in the Earth’s subsystems, and they must therefore acknowledge that life on Earth depends on a geoethically responsible management of the Earth system. Yet, the world is far from achieving sustainable development, making the role of the Earth science education in promoting education for sustainability even more relevant. The Earth system approach to education is designed to be an effective learning tool for the development of the innovative concept of environmental insight. Through a holistic view of planet Earth, students realize that humans have the ability to enjoy a sustainable life on our planet while minimising detrimental environmental impacts. There is growing evidence that citizens value science and need to be informed about Earth system problems such as climate change, resource efficiency, pandemics, sustainable use of water resources, and how to protect bio-geodiversity.
    [Show full text]
  • Destined for Shamanic Inspiration. an Integrative Study of Buryat (Neo)Shamans
    109 Destined for Shamanic Inspiration. An Integrative Study of Buryat (Neo)Shamans Valentina Kharitonova and Yulia Ukraintseva Introduction Altered states of consciousness (ASCs) experienced from time to time by people of creative professions, adepts of different religious and magical- mystical cults, people taking hallucinogenic, narcotic, alcoholic drugs, and individuals with mental issues or diseases, attract more and more interest of researchers in various scientific areas. In this respect the research field of ethnology and folklore studies allows to study (in collaboration with neurophysiologists, psychiatrists, psychologists, etc.) adepts of various religious and magical-mystical practices (including shamanism), performers of epic songs, storytellers - to number several of them. At present this field includes, first of all, neo-shamans1, folk healers and adepts of some neo­ religious movements (Kharitonova et al. 2008). All of them quite knowingly resort to ASCs, many of them do this not out of mere curiosity, but feeling a need to experience these states. Among above mentioned practitioners there are people who fall hostage to ASCs, because, on the one hand, their organisms can not function normally 1 In the context o f Russia the term neo-shaman is used in relation to representatives of those peoples who have had well-developed shamanism until quite recently. These people, as a rule, resorted to the shamanic practice of their ethnic tradition indirectly in the context of “rebirth of shamanism” by attending courses of healing, magic, bioenergotherapy, or learning from any of the “new shamans”. The term urban shaman is used to refer to representatives of non-shamanic ethnic groups practicing in big Russian cities (for details see: Kharitonova 2006).
    [Show full text]
  • Earth System Science (EARTHSS) 1
    Earth System Science (EARTHSS) 1 Earth System Science (EARTHSS) Courses EARTHSS 1. Introduction to Earth System Science. 4 Units. Covers the origin and evolution of the Earth, its atmosphere, and oceans, from the perspective of biogeochemical cycles, energy use, and human impacts on the Earth system. (II and VA ). EARTHSS 3. Oceanography. 4 Units. Examines circulation of the world oceans and ocean chemistry as it relates to river, hydrothermal vent, and atmospheric inputs. Geological features, the wide variety of biological organisms, and global climate changes, such as greenhouse warming, are also studied. (II, Va) EARTHSS 5. The Atmosphere. 4 Units. The composition and circulation of the atmosphere with a focus on explaining the fundamentals of weather and climate. Topics include solar and terrestrial radiation, clouds, and weather patterns. (II and VA ). EARTHSS 7. Physical Geology. 4 Units. Introduction to Earth materials and processes. Topics include rocks and minerals, plate tectonics, volcanoes, earthquakes, Earth surface processes, Earth resources, geologic time, and Earth history. Laboratory work involves hands-on study of geologic materials, maps, and exercises pertaining to geologic processes. Materials fee. (II and VA ). EARTHSS 15. Introduction to Global Climate Change. 4 Units. Introduction of scientific, technological, environmental, economic, and social aspects underlying the threat and understanding of global climate change. Human and natural drivers of climate. Impacts of climate on natural, managed, and human systems, including their vulnerability and ability to adapt. (II and (VA or VIII) ). EARTHSS 17. Hurricanes, Tsunamis, and Other Catastrophes. 4 Units. Introduction to the basic science and state of predictability of various natural catastrophic events including earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, tsunamis, landslides, floods, hurricanes, fires, and asteroid impacts and their interactions and implications with human society in the U.S.
    [Show full text]
  • Observation and Integrated Earth-System Science: a Roadmap for 2016€“2025
    Available online at www.sciencedirect.com ScienceDirect Advances in Space Research xxx (2016) xxx–xxx www.elsevier.com/locate/asr Review Observation and integrated Earth-system science: A roadmap for 2016–2025 Adrian Simmons a,⇑, Jean-Louis Fellous b, Venkatachalam Ramaswamy c, Kevin Trenberth d, and fellow contributors from a Study Team of the Committee on Space Research: Ghassem Asrar (Univ. of Maryland), Magdalena Balmaseda (ECMWF), John P. Burrows (Univ. of Bremen), Philippe Ciais (IPSL/LSCE) Mark Drinkwater (ESA/ESTEC), Pierre Friedlingstein (Univ. of Exeter), Nadine Gobron (EC/JRC), Eric Guilyardi (IPSL/LOCEAN), David Halpern (NASA/JPL), Martin Heimann (MPI for Biogeochemistry), Johnny Johannessen (NERSC), Pieternel F. Levelt (KNMI and Univ. of Technology Delft), Ernesto Lopez-Baeza (Univ. of Valencia), Joyce Penner (Univ. of Michigan), Robert Scholes (Univ. of the Witwatersrand), Ted Shepherd (Univ. of Reading) a European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts, Shinfield Park, Reading RG2 9AX, UK b Committee on Space Research, 2 Place Maurice Quentin, 75039 Paris Cedex 01, France c Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory/NOAA, Princeton, NJ 08540-6649, USA d National Center for Atmospheric Research, P.O. Box 3000, Boulder, CO 80307, USA Received 12 December 2015; received in revised form 29 February 2016; accepted 4 March 2016 Abstract This report is the response to a request by the Committee on Space Research of the International Council for Science to prepare a roadmap on observation and integrated Earth-system science for the coming ten years. Its focus is on the combined use of observations and modelling to address the functioning, predictability and projected evolution of interacting components of the Earth system on time- scales out to a century or so.
    [Show full text]
  • Clairvoyance by C.W
    Clairvoyance by C.W. Leadbeater Clairvoyance by C.W. Leadbeater Published in 1899 London: The Theosophical Publishing Society 26, Charing Cross, S.W. Chapter -1- WHAT CLAIRVOYANCE IS Chapter -2- SIMPLE CLAIRVOYANCE: FULL Chapter -3- SIMPLE CLAIRVOYANCE: PARTIAL Chapter -4- CLAIRVOYANCE IN SPACE: INTENTIONAL Chapter -5- CLAIRVOYANCE IN SPACE: SEMI-INTENTIONAL Chapter -6- CLAIRVOYANCE IN SPACE: UNINTENTIONAL Chapter -7- CLAIRVOYANCE IN TIME: THE PAST Chapter -8- CLAIRVOYANCE IN TIME: THE FUTURE Chapter -9- METHODS OF DEVELOPMENT Page 1 Clairvoyance by C.W. Leadbeater Chapter -1- WHAT CLAIRVOYANCE IS [Page 5] Clairvoyance means literally nothing more than "clear seeing", and it is a word which has been sorely misused, and even degraded so far as to be employed to describe the trickery of a mountebank in a variety show. Even in its more restricted sense it covers a wide range of phenomena, differing so greatly in character that it is not easy to give a definition of the word which shall be at once succinct and accurate. It has been called "spiritual vision", but no rendering could well be more misleading than that, for in the vast majority of cases there is no faculty connected with it which has the slightest claim to be honoured by so lofty a name. For the purpose of this treatise we may, perhaps, define it as the power to see what is hidden from ordinary physical sight. It will be as well to premise that it is very frequently ( though by no means always ) accompanied by what is called clairaudience, or the power to hear what would be inaudible to the ordinary physical [Page 6] ear; and we will for the nonce take our title as covering this faculty also, in order to avoid the clumsiness of perpetually using two long words where one will suffice.
    [Show full text]
  • Leadership Intuition Meets the Future of Work
    How Well Do Executives Trust Their Intuition? Leadership Intuition Meets the Future of Work 7 Leadership Intuition Meets the Future of Work Written by: David Dye Contributing Writers: Chiara Corso, Claradith Landry, Jennifer Rompre, Kyle Sandell, and William Tanner CONTENTS Shifting Society, Shifting Leadership Needs ................................................109 A Framework for Developing Informed Intuition .....................................112 Informed Intuition in Practice ......................................................................115 How to Develop Informed Intuition ............................................................119 Acknowledgments ..........................................................................................121 Notes ................................................................................................................121 “We’re gonna be in the Hudson,” the pilot said to air traffic control. The weather in New York on January 15, 2009 was pleasant, but the inside of the cockpit of US Airways Flight 1549 was anything but. As the plane plummeted toward the river, the automated proximity warning system chanted, Pull up! Pull up! Pull up! “Got flaps out,” said the co-pilot. “You want more?” Pull up! Pull up! Pull up! “No, let’s stay at two,” the pilot replied. Caution, terrain! Pull up! Pull up! Pull up! “This is the captain,” he announced over the intercom. “Brace for impact.” Terrain! Terrain! Pull up! Pull up! He turned to his co-pilot. “Got any ideas?” Pull up! Pull up! Pull up!
    [Show full text]
  • The Natural Power of Intuition
    THE NATURAL POWER OF INTUITION: EXPLORING THE FORMATIVE DIMENSIONS OF INTUITION IN THE PRACTICES OF THREE VISUAL ARTISTS AND THREE BUSINESS EXECUTIVES by Jessica Jagtiani Dissertation Committee: Professor Judith Burton, Sponsor Professor Mary Hafeli Approved by the Committee on the Degree of Doctor of Education Date 16 May 2018 Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Education in Teachers College, Columbia University 2018 ABSTRACT THE NATURAL POWER OF INTUITION: EXPLORING THE FORMATIVE DIMENSIONS OF INTUITION IN THE PRACTICES OF THREE VISUAL ARTISTS AND THREE BUSINESS EXECUTIVES Jessica Jagtiani Both artists and business executives state the importance of intuition in their professional practice. Current research suggests that intuition plays a significant role in cognition, decision-making, and creativity. Intuitive perception is beneficial to management, entrepreneurship, learning, medical diagnosis, healing, spiritual growth, and overall well-being, and is furthermore, more accurate than deliberative thought under complex conditions. Accordingly, acquiring intuitive faculties seems indispensable amid present day’s fast-paced multifaceted society and growing complexity. Today, there is an overall rising interest in intuition and an existing pool of research on intuition in management, but interestingly an absence of research on intuition in the field of art. This qualitative-phenomenological study explores the experience of intuition in both professional practices in order to show comparability and extend the base of intuition, while at the same time revealing what is unique about its emergence in art practice. Data gathered from semi-structured interviews and online-journals provided the participants’ experience of intuition and are presented through individual portraits, including an introduction to their work, their worldview, and the experiences of intuition in their lives and professional practice.
    [Show full text]
  • REVELATORY VERNACULAR RHETORIC on the INTERNET By
    PASSAGES DIVINELY LIT: REVELATORY VERNACULAR RHETORIC ON THE INTERNET By ROBERT GLENN HOWARD A DISSERTATION Presented to the Department of English and the Graduate School of the University of Oregon in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy August 2001 ii "Passages Divinely Lit: Revelatory Vernacular Rhetoric on the Internet," a dissertation prepared by Robert Glenn Howard in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Doctor of Philosophy degree in the Department of English. This dissertation has been approved and accepted by: Dr. Daniel Wojcik, Chair of the Examining Committee Date Committee in charge: Dr. Daniel Wojcik, Chair Dr. James Crosswhite Dr. David Frank Dr. John Gage Dr. Sharon Sherman Accepted by: Dean of the Graduate School iii © 2001 Robert Glenn Howard iv An Abstract of the Dissertation of Robert Glenn Howard for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Department of English to be taken August 2001 Title: PASSAGES DIVINELY LIT: REVELATORY VERNACULAR RHETORIC ON THE INTERNET Approved: Dr. Daniel Wojcik Since the advent of the public World-Wide-Web in 1992, networked computer communication has rapidly become integral to the daily lives of many North Americans. Many researchers in the humanities and social sciences debate the potential power and nature of the effects of these new forms of communication. Some scholars see dangers in the changing forms of "media literacy," but others see the Internet engendering new levels of democratic debate at grassroots and personal levels. However, much of this research still lacks the basic methodological rigor necessary to make reasonable claims about actual individual human communicative behavior on the Internet.
    [Show full text]