El Camino Real De Tierra Adentro National Historic Trail El Camino Real New Mexico, Texas Bureau of Land Management National Park Service Ofﬁcial Map and Guide U.S

Home , Fort Craig, Fort Selden, Mesilla Plaza, Mesilla Valley, New Mexico Territory, Northern New Mexico

El Camino Real de Tierra Adentro National Historic Trail El Camino Real New Mexico, Texas Bureau of Land Management National Park Service Ofﬁcial Map and Guide U.S. Department of the Interior brought Spanish colonists into today’s New Mexico. Mexico. New today’s into colonists Spanish brought road wagon frontier the Lands,” Interior ofthe “Royal Road the As City. inMexico began Adentro Tierra Realde El Camino West. interior ofthe cultures ancient equally the with cultures ancient Mexico’s connected that offootpaths anetwork atop blazed Realwas El Camino miles. 1,600 and countries, two centuries, three spans route the at Mexico City to its northern frontier in distant New Mexico, Tying capital colonial Spain’s States. United inthe route trade Euro-American earliest the is Adentro Tierra Realde ElE Camino T 4,000 yearsold. adjacent totheRio Grande,is animals intherich marshlands bands foragedfor wildplantsand house settlement, where small the RioGrande.The Archaic pit the richriverineenvironment of Texas, preserves aremnant of Keystone HeritagePark,ElPaso, Keystone HeritagePark l C years ago. back toatleast12,000 Rio GrandeValleydates Prehistoric occupationof now inKeystonePark. of theRioGrande, is establishedatedge Archaic pithousevillage h e 4,000 BP

i T s R r carriages. Hundreds ofcobbler’s nails,farrier’s nails,and a The rough trailjoltedthenailsloosefrom wagonsand i l l d

upholstery nailstellthestoryofElCaminoReal. Y TiT i e s t A e d r site oftheAzteccapital. City isestablishedonthe Hernán Cortés.Mexico to Spanishconquistador surrenders Tenochtitlán Aztec rulerMoctezumaII d a t y 1521 i s more thanathousand villagers. multistory adobepueblowith the Spanish foundathriving of thegoldencity theyexpected, Seven CitiesofCibola. Instead on amarch tolocatethefabled soldiers and800 Indian allies an expeditionary force of300 Pueblo in1540,he wasleading Coronado arrivedatKuaua When FranciscoVásquezde Kuaua Pueblo Coronado StateMonument/ Tiwa puebloofKuaua. of 1,100campnearthe Coronado andhisarmy Francisco Vasquezde 1540 s Mexico. Many of the historic historic ofthe Many Mexico. into Valley New RioGrande wide the followed north they Chihuahua, Ciudad above lands arid the crossed travelers Once Guanajuato, to and Mexico Querétaro City. Durango, Zacatecas, San Luis Potosí, Aguascalientes, Chihuahua, through runs road historic the Mexico, In Mexico. inNew capital Spanish first the Pueblo), Juan (San Owingeh Cruces, Socorro, Belen, Albuqu Las inTexas, through area El the Paso from trailstretched the Valley. States, RioGrande inthe United the In cities modern today’s became colonists Spanish bythe created settlements fast asapigcouldtrot. The columntraveledas sands ofstockanimals. their families,andthou- column of129soldiers, carts remainwiththe journey’s end,only61 carts. Bythesixmonth starts with83laden Adentro. Thecaravan Camino RealdeTierra the RioGrandealongEl Juan deOñateleads 1598 s parajes erque, and Santa Feerque, and Santa to Ohkay (campsites) and early early and (campsites) Owingeh Pueblolands. Caballeros, onOhkay from SanJuandelos the Spanishcapital established, relocating Villa deSantaFeis 1608–1610 s 125 years after the railroad eclipsed its commercial use. commercial its eclipsed railroad the 125 after years alive, much very still is trailcorridor The Mexico. New and Mexico between thoroughfare main the was road wagon the 1870s, the through RioGrande, the wayup its made expedition colonizing Spanish first the when 1598, From Americans. and Mexicans, New Mexicans, Spaniards, Indians, American including backgrounds, many from people between exchanges trailfostered The Spanish and Mexican governors, and Spanish andMexican governors, system. The Palacesitson thenorth 1909 thePalacehas beentheheart served asaTerritorial Capitol. Since verted toanIndian Pueblo,housed the yearsPalace hasbeencon- Construction began in1610.Over This modest,single-storyadobeis governmental buildingintheU.S. governmental the oldestcontinuouslyoccupied of NewMexico’s StateMuseum Palace oftheGovernors side ofthe SantaFePlaza. Albuquerque area. now withinthegreater independent communities Pajarito andAtrisco, of IsletaPueblo,including along ElCaminoRealnorth villages areestablished Spanish ranchesand 1643-1662 s

Spanish Inquisition. Sandia Puebloandthe Gruber diesontheJornada German traderBernardo 1670 s T featured here to experience the trail today. the toexperience here featured places ofthe some Visit Mexico. New Pueblo, Owingeh toOhkay Texas, El Paso, from miles 404 TrailHistoric extends National Adentro Tierra Realde El Camino Congress, U.S. bythe 2000 inOctober Trails National tothe System Added El Camino Real de Tierra Adentro. along living ofpeople lives the enriches and barriers cultural eliminate helps It heritage. geographic and cultural a shared aninternationa as Recognition Southwest. American the and Mexico between language and customs, ofideas, exchange alively nurtures trailcorridor The h e

T r a George C. Bennett, Courtesy Palace of the Governors Photo Archives (NMHM/DCA), 055003 i l

for 12years. their homeland regains thePueblos European colonists of resistanceagainst Native religion.Thisact and brutallysuppressing conversion toCatholicism, extracting tribute,forcing the Spanishpracticesof dozen Pueblosrevoltover 10, 1680,nearlytwo On thenightofAugust T o d 1680 a s y PuP . nd on u d n ebe

isi b s tst lol o

s l historic trail commemorates trailcommemorates l historic and settlements. rebuild missions to NewMexico, Spanish return 1692

s l

F. F.

r historic center. and Plazaasits today’s “OldTown” is established,with Villa ofAlbuquerque e

g 1706 n

r s

o R

o g e i D j a C a l i f Paci o r n B i a a N j f a o ic C r t e a O l i f o cea The historicrouteofElCaminoRealdeTierra Adentro r n i a S n A u r r i z S o (San JuanPueblo) o CtCortez n n a o Sea Ohkay Owingeh r of a f Tomé Plaza. Camino Realthroughthe inner valleybranchofEl shifts west,creatingan tled aftertheRioGrande The Tomégrantisset-

S i n C a h l o i h a u a h u a N 1739 a y a A r J g C i D a t u o l a u i l s i r s m c a c s Santa Fe o n a a g l i o e n t e Z s a c d M G a Mexico City e t i u e c O a C c h n a o c o Z a s a a a a j m c u h r a a u a p n g i t o l o o a z D S a e a G M n e L N x u L i u i c e s e Q o o P v M T u n o o e e o H t r T x o r e i a e d a s t m l a a i s o D l r s a g o i s u o T t d l r i l i p e P a t o a u x A s c e F r a t b e O e l l d a a a k e g l r a a a h l o m a V e in the1840s. Ana issettledasatown 1760, theparajeofDoña Still aroughcampin r a GlfGulf o c r u z - of M f A L

1760 s pilgrims alike. and Catholic Indian peoples signiﬁcance for top attesttoits crosses atthe its ﬂanksand carved into Petroglyphs into thepresent. prehistoric times for travelersfrom served asanaturallandmark This distinctiveconicalhillhas Tomé Hill Apache attacks. Paso delNortefrom protect citizensofEl military presidioto established asa San Elizariois 1789 s heading south. onthetrail shake-down journey make repairs togearfollowing a reaching thecapitalcityorto chance tofreshen upbefore the ranchooffered travelersa miles from theSantaFePlaza, on ElCaminoReal. About15 important paraje,orcampsite, Mexico, thiswasoncean dedicated tocolonialNew Today alivinghistorymuseum El RanchodelasGolondrinas Real toMexicoCity. taken downElCamino Pike iscapturedand exploring theWest. Spanish territorywhile Pike illegallyenters U.S. LieutenantZebulon 1807 s from theeasternU.S. goods throughSantaFe for tradersmoving as the“ChihuahuaTrail” Adentro becomesknown El CaminoRealdeTierra ing partyfromMissouri. William Becknell’strad- opens withthearrivalof Spain. SantaFeTrail Mexico isfreedfrom 1821

CourCouC

ouro

ur s

tesytty es

PalP

aceaac

ft ofo t

eG he G

eGe G

overoovove

nors

Pho

PhoP

oA to tAt A o

rchirchrcr

i vevesv

(NMH((N into Chihuahua. Norte andmarch to takeElPasodel of Bracitos,goon unit attheBattle defeat aMexican ander W.Doniphan under ColonelAlex- Missouri volunteers

M/DCM/DM/

/DC

A)AA), 1846

)),

0450004 s

111 El PasodelNorte. Camino Realnorthof lands traversedbyEl lands, includingthe about halfofMexico’s American controlover Hidalgo establishes Treaty ofGuadalupe 1848 s September 9,1850. territory oftheU.S.on incorporated, organized New Mexicobecomesan 1850 s General Recordsofthe U.S. Govern- between U.S. and Mexico, December from theGadsden ment, RecordGroup11; National Source: Treaty Series#208 AO; Purchase treaty, Signature page Archives Building, Washington DC. Gadsden Treaty 1854. 30, 1853; $10 million. 29,142,400 acresfor into Americanhands, from TexastoCalifornia brought astripofland Gadsden Purchase,which American-Mexican border

1853 s their waytoChihuahuaandSantaFe. Camino RealcouldstopinMesillaon from thePlaza,andtravelersonEl Overland Stagestopwasoneblock the MesillaValley. TheButterfield became acommercial crossroads for Purchase of1853.Thenewtown in theU.S.againafterGadsden same settlersfoundthemselvesback Guadalupe Hidalgoin1846.Those of theborder followingtheTreaty of found themselvesontheU.S.side established forMexicancitizenswho a partofMexico,newcommunity Mesilla, NewMexico,beganitslifeas Mesilla Plaza Craig, February1862. place northofFort Southwest, takes the CivilWarin Battle ofValverde, 1862 s Mesilla Valley. to controlthe is established Fort Selden 1865 s Chacón andCaptainJackCrawford. figures includingKitCarson,Rafael and NewMexicoMilitia,historic Hispanic NewMexicoVolunteers and 125thInfantry, thepredominantly Soldiers ofthe9thCavalryand38th 1884, FortCraigwashometoBuffalo Territorial Period. Between1854and Adentro duringNewMexico’sTierra forts builtalongElCaminoRealde Fort CraigisthelargestofeightU.S. Fort CraigNationalHistoricSite in 1881. reach ElPaso,Texas, Raton Pass;therails Territory bywayof enters NewMexico & SantaFeRailway, the Atchison,Topeka operational railroad, 1878 s El CaminoRealfor Bajada sectionof to re-engineerLa appropriates funds Commission Territorial Highway New Mexico 1909 s El CaminoReal. many sectionsof incorporates State Highway1 achieves statehood; New Mexico 1912 s La Bajada. descent knownas including thesteep El CaminoReal, built overpartsof U.S. Route66is 1926 J.R. Riddle, Palace oftheGovernors Photo Courtesy Archives (NMHM/DCA), 014523 s Commemorations. Columbus Quincentenary installed aspartofthe Camino Realmarkersare 1992 manyofthe82El tell thetrail’shistory.In historic markersbeginto New Mexico’sroadside 1935 s 13, 2000. System onOctober National Trails is addedtothe de TierraAdentro El CaminoReal 2000 commercial freight andtransport. taken overElCaminoReal’s role in and sixyearsaftertherailroad had five yearsafterGeronimo’s capture The fortremained activeuntil1891, of theU.S.Army’s infantryandcavalry. Robledo, thisadobeforthousedunits traditional parajesofDoñaAnaand of theRioGrandejustnorth the MesillaValley. Builtonthebanks to protect settlersandtravelersin Fort Seldenwasestablishedin 1865 Fort SeldenStateMonument s Association isformed. Tierra AdentroTrail El CaminoRealde 2003 s Photo: Paul Harden, Heritage Center El Camino Real International

- San Juan

- 25 Muerto I-25 exit #32 Upham to Aleman Road Trailheads Aleman Road Jornada del Engle 25 32 El Rancho de las Golondrinas Texas Chamizal National Memorial

Tesuque Pueblo Tesuque Rincon Santa Fe Santa Pojoaque Pueblo Palace of the Governors Butte 51 Elephant El Alamo Española Ohkay Owingeh Pueblo Cieneguilla Truth or Truth La Cienega Caballo Lake Consequences San Elizario El Camino Real de Tierra Adentro National Historic Trail El Camino Real de Tierra Texas New Mexico, Bureau of Land Management ServiceNational Park Department of the Interior U.S. Mission Socorro Mission Ysleta 75/79 25 PARAJES The caravans made camp every 20 miles or so on the journey from northern Mexico to These simple campsites, northern New Mexico. or parajes, served travelers for centuries. Until none of the parajes on the 19th century, Jornada del Muerto—Paraje San Diego, Paraje Aleman, Las Peñuelas, del Perrillo, Paraje Laguna del Muerto, El Contadero, Valverde, and Fray Cristobal—were settled permanently. New Mexico THE CIVIL WAR IN NEW MEXICO WAR THE CIVIL Confederate troops marched into New Mexico They battled Union in June 1861. Territory forces and New Mexico reserves at Valverde, The Albuquerque and Santa Fe. and took both Confederates were turned back at Glorieta Pass, east of Santa Fe, before they could reach the gold and silver fields of Colorado. THE RIO GRANDE major The Rio Grande is New Mexico’s Its valley stretches the full length of river. the state and holds best agricultural land, the most extensive wetlands and major travel wildlife, and is the state’s Pueblo peoples Tewa Known to corridor. the Spanish as P’Osoge, or the big river, called it the Río Bravo, or wild river, as well El Río Grande del Norte, The Rio or the big river of north. Grande forms the border between New near El Paso, and Texas Mexico and the international border between Mexico and the United States from El Paso Ciudad Juárez. MUERTO DEL THE JORNADA Journey” is the longest of The “Dead Man’s waterless stretches of El Camino Real that the The “dead man” of this Spanish called jornadas. who 60 mile, two-day trek, was Bernardo Gruber, died on the Jornada while fleeing Holy Office of the Inquisition in 1670. Agua Fria Agua El Paso Museum of History El Paso

runs through the heart the of Rio San Gabriel Grande Rio Keystone Heritage Park I-25 exit #75 or 79 to Hwy 51 Visitor Centers and Museums Museum of Art & History Albuquerque and displays artistic historic items museum preserves The city’s Exhibit highlights include early Spanish settlement to the present. from and New Mexico state El Camino Real, Hispanic life, the Civil War, from across Old Town, hood. The museum is near Albuquerque’s Tiguex Park. NM 2000 Mountain Road, Albuquerque, (505) 243-7255 www.cabq.gov/museum/ Bosque del Apache National Wildlife Refuge Bosque del Apache , or woods of the Apache, was Spanish name along the Rio Grande below for the extensive wetlands and forest is one of the Southwest’s this region New Mexico. Today, Socorro, the world come during around from Birders wildlife refuges. premier fall and winter to see sandhill cranes, snow geese, ducks. State Highway 1, 8 miles south of Interstate 25, Exit 139. (575) 835-1828. www.fws.gov/southwest/refuges/newmex/bosque/index.html El Camino Real International Heritage Center NM on County Road 1598, Center Thirty miles south of Socorro, the history and heritage of El visitors step back in time and explore Zacatecas, Mexico, to the plaza in Santa Fe. One of Camino Real from State Monuments, the Center overlooks Jornada del New Mexico’s Muerto, the lower Rio Grande and historic trail. County Road 1598, Interstate-25, Exit 115 (575) 854-3600 www.caminorealheritage.org/ El Paso Museum of History the understanding and significance of rich The museum promotes known as region multicultural and multinational history of the border “The Pass of the North.” El Paso, TX 510 N. Santa Fe Street, (915) 351-3588 www.elpasotexas.gov/history/ Chamizal National Memorial in the peaceful settlement The Chamizal Convention of 1963 resulted of a century-long boundary dispute between the U.S. and Mexico. Visitors traveling east or west on I-10, exit at Hwy 54 and follow the signs. If traveling south Chamizal National Memorial directional brown onto Mexico. DO NOT proceed on Hwy 54, take exit marked Juárez, the International Bridge of the Americas, but turn right onto Paisano Chamizal. and continue to follow signs toward Street, El Paso, TX 800 S. San Marcial, (915) 351-3588 www.nps.gov/cham Administrators Trail information, contact: For more of Land Management Bureau New Mexico State Office Box 27115 P.O. Santa Fe, NM 87502-0115 (505) 954-2000 www.blm.gov/nm National Park Service Intermountain Region National Trails Box 728 P.O. Santa Fe, NM 87504-0728 (505) 988-6098 www.nps.gov/elca Association Trail Association (CARTA) El Camino Real de Tierra Trail Adentro Box 15162 P.O. Las Cruces, NM 88004 www.caminorealcarta.org/ Bernalillo Santa Clara Pueblo Sandia Pueblo Albuquerque Museum of Art & History Albuquerque Museum of Alameda La Villa de Alburquerque Villa La Las Cruces San Idlefonso Pueblo Isleta Pueblo La Rancheria Peralta Valencia Tomé Plaza Tomé Cochiti Pueblo

Las Barrancas Santo Domingo

Casa Colorado Casa /

Bosque del Apache Bosque del National Wildlife Refuge Las Nutrias

Bracito

Fort Selden Ciudad Juárez Ciudad Sevilleta Sabino

Atrisco San Felipe Pueblo THE FIRST CAPITAL THE FIRST original colonizing In 1598, Juan de Oñate’s party was welcomed at Ohkay Owingeh Pueblo, christened “San Juan de Los Caballeros” by the Spaniards. By the winter of 1599, colony had which they Yungue, moved to an outlying pueblo, renamed “San Gabriel.” In 10 years the capital was relocated once again to Santa Fe. Valverde El Contadero Pajarito Paraje San Diego Paraje Las Peñuelas Jornada del Muerto Trailheads Jornada del Muerto Paraje del Aleman Paraje

Belen Paraje del Perrillo Paraje Jarales Kauna Pueblo Engle

Tomé Hill Tomé Ojo del Muerto / Los Padillas Los

Miles Doña Ana North Laguna del Muerto on the map. 50 Los Lunas Los Sabinal Fray Cristobal Fray Santa Ana Pueblo Mesilla Plaza Kewa Pueblo Visiting the Trail Today Albuquerque Lemitar

green Bosque de Pinos Luis Lopez Luis Butte Elephant Socorro 1

Gutierrez-Minge House Lake Caballo /

New Texas Mexico The Gutierrez-Hubbell House 25 Mexico See inset map for detail of this area. El Camino Real de Tierra Adentro Tierra El Camino Real de National Historic Trail Interstate 25 Rio Grande Coronado State Monument Santa Fe Fort Craig Casa San Yisidro El Camino Real International Heritage Center Mexico El Camino Real de Tierra Adentro National Historic Trail Grande Valley. The Land of Bureau ManagementGrande and Valley. the Service National Park administer together foster to preservation trail the Trail and public use. These agencies work close in partnership Association, with Camino de El Real the Tierra Indian Adentrotribes Trail and Pueblos—whose ancestors greeted the first Spanish colonists—as as well state, and county, agencies,governmental private landowners, municipal conservation heritage nonprofit groups, sites private, are in tribal, municipal, and others. many federal Trail or state owner ship. Please ask lands sites on private for and check permission trail with any before visiting public sites for visiting hours andCamino signs regulations.de retrace El Real to trail Follow Tierra Adentro along highways, streets, and backcountry roads. RIO ABAJO, RIO ARRIBA, AND RIO LA BAJADA In the Spanish colonial period, New Mexico These was divided into two administrative units. and the Río Abajo, or lower river, were the Río The dividing line was Arriba, or upper river. the escarpment known as “La Bajada,”north of Cochiti Pueblo. Jornada del Muerto Trailheads Jornada del Muerto Parajes, Presidios and Historic Communities Modern Cities and Towns Pueblos Sites of interest Visit these sites learn to more about the Sites trail. that are open the to public are shown in Historic Sites Palace of the Governors Santa Fe, NM Palace Avenue, 105 West (505) 476-5100 thegovernors.org/ www.palaceof El Rancho de las Golondrinas 334 Los Pinos Road, La Cienega, NM (505) 471-2261 www.golondrinas/org State Monument/Kuaua Pueblo Coronado campsite have Both Kuaua Pueblo and the nearby Coronado and their history is on display been studied by archaeologists at the New Mexico State Monument near Bernalillo. State Highway 550/44, 1.27 miles west of Interstate 25, Exit 242 (505) 867-5351, (800) 419-3738 www.nmmonuments.org/ House The Gutierrez-Minge Casa San Ysidro: House is in the village of Corrales, just north The Gutierrez-Minge www.cabq.gov/museum/history/casatour.html House The Gutierrez-Hubbell foot adobe hacienda House is a 5,800 square The Gutierrez-Hubbell It has been used as a private residence, that dates to the 1840’s. and Pajarito village gathering stagecoach stop, post office, mercantile, place along El Camino Real. NM Albuquerque, S.W., 6029 Isleta Boulevard (505) 244-0507 www.bernco.gov/live/standalone.asp?dept_id=3946&link_id=191954 Hill Tomé Hill Road (Río del Oro Hill Park, intersection of Tomé Access at Tomé NM Loop North) and La Entrada Road, Tomé, (505) 864-6654 www.v-i-a.org/tomehill.htm Fort Craig National Historic Site New Mexico Highway 1, on County Road 273, off South of Socorro use Interstate 25 Exit 115 northbound, or 124 southbound. (575) 835-0412 www.blm.gov/nm/st/en/prog/recreation/socorro/fort_craig.html Jornada del Muerto Trailheads County Roads A013, E070, Sierra and Doña Ana Counties information, contact Las Cruces District Office, For more of Land Management. Bureau Las Cruces, NM Street, 1800 Marquess (575) 525-4300 www.blm.gov/nm/st/en/fo/Las_Cruces_District_Office.html Fort Selden State Monument Interstate 25, Exit 19, on New Mexico State North of Las Cruces off Road 157, Fort Selden Road. (505) 476-1150 www.nmmonuments.org/inst.php?inst=10 Mesilla Plaza Bounded by Calle de San Albino, Guadalupe, Santiago and Calle de Parian, Mesilla, NM Interstate 25, take 10 west to Mesilla Exit 140, turn From south one mile on Highway 28 to Calle de Santiago. (575) 524-3262, ext. 117 www.oldmesilla.org/ Keystone Heritage Park 4200 Doniphan Drive, El Paso, TX (915) 584-0563 www.keystoneheritagepark.org/ of Albuquerque. The original home, built by the Gutierrez family, family, The original home, built by the Gutierrez of Albuquerque. includes a recreated Casa San Ysidro dates to the 1870s. Today 19th century rancho, a small family chapel, central plazuela, and an enclosed corral area. Road, Corrales, NM 973 Old Church (505) 898-3915 0 Truth or Consequences Truth PRESIDIOS AND PRESIDIOS FORTS The Spanish established a handful of presidios, or forts, along the trail. El Paso del Norte and San Elizario controlled and protected the settlements near present-day Juárez, and the Presidio de Santa Fe protected the capital and northern New Mexico. Americans developed their own After 1848 the military system of smaller posts along the trail on the Jornada del Muerto, and at Santa Fe, El Paso, Aña, La Joya, and Socorro. Dona Valverde, El Camino Real Official Map and Guide