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Contents — L Through O Third Mars Polar Science Conference (2003) alpha_l-o.pdf Contents — L through O Preliminary Results from a Survey of Candidate Permafrost and Periglacial Features on Mars D. W. Leverington .................................................................................................................................. 8013 A GCM Recent History of the Northern Martian Polar Layered Deposits B. Levrard, J. Laskar, F. Forget, and F. Montmessin............................................................................ 8096 The Use of Paleolimnology for Tracking Climate Change in the Canadian High Arctic — Analogies for Mars Exploration D. S. S. Lim and M. S. V. Douglas.......................................................................................................... 8004 Comparison Between North and South Near Polar Regions of Mars from HEND/Odyssey Data M. L. Litvak, I. G. Mitrofanov, A. S. Kozyrev, A. B. Sanin, V. Tretyakov, W. V. Boynton, D. K. Hamara, C. Shinohara, R. S. Saunders, and D. Drake ........................................ 8020 Some Applications of CO2-H2O Phase Equilibria to the Composition and Evolution of the Martian Polar Ice Caps J. Longhi................................................................................................................................................. 8100 An Investigation of Aerosol Dynamics in the Atmosphere of Mars A. Määttänen, H. Korhonen, K. E. J. Lehtinen, H. Vehkamäki, and M. Kulmala .................................. 8045 Astrobiology Exploration Strategies for the Mars Polar Regions Using Balloon Platforms P. R. Mahaffy, S. A. Atreya, D. A. Fairbrother, W. M. Farrell, S. Gorevan, J. Jones, I. Mitrofanov, and J. Scott...................................................................................................................... 8038 Distribution and Climatic Control of Small Scale Polygons on Mars N. Mangold............................................................................................................................................. 8044 Geographical Relationships Between Small Scale Polygons and Ground Ice Distribution from Neutron Spectrometer on Mars N. Mangold, S. Maurice, W. Feldman, F. Costard, and F. Forget......................................................... 8043 Tongue-shaped Lobes on Mars: Relation to Rock Glacier Deposits and Long-Term History of Emplacement D. R. Marchant, J. W. Head, and M. A. Kreslavsky ............................................................................... 8106 CO2 Ice in Polygonal Troughs in Malea Planum, Mars: Sub-Surface H2O Ice, MOC Images and TES Surface Temperature W. J. Markiewicz and K. J. Kossacki ..................................................................................................... 8042 Combining Micro-Penetrometer and Near-Infrared Photography to Measure Physical Properties in Snow Profiles M. Matzl and M. Schneebeli................................................................................................................... 8062 Scout Missions and Future Exploration of the Martian Poles K. S. McBride ......................................................................................................................................... 8090 MRO’s High Resolution Imaging Science Experiment (HiRISE): Polar Science Expectations A. McEwen, K. Herkenhoff, C. Hansen, N. Bridges, W. A. Delamere, E. Eliason, J. Grant, V. Gulick, L. Keszthelyi, R. Kirk, M. Mellon, P. Smith, S. Squyres, N. Thomas, and C. Weitz ........................................................................................................................ 8079 Third Mars Polar Science Conference (2003) alpha_l-o.pdfl-o.pdf The Polar Regions and the Search for Evidence of Life on Mars C. P. McKay ........................................................................................................................................... 8056 North Polar Cap of Mars: Correlation of Layers Within and Between Troughs S. M. Milkovich and J. W. Head III........................................................................................................ 8082 Polar and Non-Polar Layers on Mars: A Single Mechanism for Formation? M. A. Mischna, D. J. McCleese, M. I. Richardson, A. R. Vasavada, and R. J. Wilson........................... 8007 Neutron Detector for Mars Rover Missions J. E. Moersch and D. M. Drake.............................................................................................................. 8093 Describing the Components of the Water Transport in the Martian Atmosphere F. Montmessin, R. M. Haberle, F. Forget, P. Rannou, and M. Cabane................................................. 8089 Development of a Mars General Circulation Model Y. Moudden, S. R. Beagley, V. Fomichec, J. C. McConnell, A. Akingunola, and A. Garcia Munioz ................................................................................................... 8034 Geological Observations, Climate Modeling, and Ice Stability: Evidence for Recent Martian Ice Ages J. F. Mustard, J. W. Head, M. A. Kreslavsky, R. E. Milliken, and D. R. Marchant ............................... 8055 Albedo Feedback in the Patterning Mechanisms of Martian Polar Caps F. S. L. Ng and M. T. Zuber.................................................................................................................... 8061 Geophysical Investigations at a Mars Analog Site: Devon Island, Nunavut C. E. Nieto and R. R. Stewart ................................................................................................................. 8115 Testing the SHARAD Experiment of Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter with a Flight Balloon over Polar Regions G. G. Ori, E. Flamini, R. Seu, and L. Marinangeli ................................................................................ 8058 Hubble Space Telescope Search for Localized Outgassing on Mars T. Ouvarova, J. Caldwell, S. Atreya, A. Wong, N. Renno, and P. James ............................................... 8065 Third Mars Polar Science Conference (2003) 8013.pdf PRELIMINARY RESULTS FROM A SURVEY OF CANDIDATE PERMAFROST AND PERIGLACIAL FEATURES ON MARS. D. W. Leverington1, 1Center for Earth and Planetary Studies, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC 20560; [email protected]. Introduction: Several studies have noted that era as possible indicators of near-surface ice included high-resolution images acquired by the Mars Observer alas-like flat-floored depressions [16-18], grooved and Camera (MOC) may be used to identify candidate lobate landslide and valley deposits that implied proc- Martian permafrost and periglacial features at scales esses of rock-glacier flow and gelifluction [19-23], more consistent with their terrestrial counterparts. In crater ejecta blankets with lobate margins and radial the present research, a comprehensive survey of Mar- flow patterns [16,24-25], and mid-latitude terrain tian candidate features is being conducted. softening [26]. Examples of patterned ground, most Background: Typical terrestrial permafrost and notably networks of relatively large polygons, were periglacial features (where “periglacial” refers here to cited as possible indicators of near-surface ice and the environments where frost action dominates) include activity of periglacial processes [16,20,24,27-29]. frost mounds, earth hummocks, ice wedges, sorted Clusters of small circular to elongated mounds were circles, thermokarst features, and features produced by observed in Gusev crater and hypothesized to be re- gelifluction. Terrestrial frost mounds are mound- lated to terrestrial frost mounds [30]. shaped landforms that are produced in a variety of The availability of high-resolution MOC images ways by the combined processes of ground freezing over widely-distributed locales on Mars provides an and groundwater movement [1]. Although large frost excellent opportunity for identifying possible perigla- mounds such as pingos [2,3] are greater than 10 m in cial and permafrost features on scales comparable to height and 100 m in horizontal dimension, frost terrestrial features. For example, tongue-shaped lobes mounds can be as small as several meters across. on Mars have now been identified as likely near- Earth hummocks are hummocks that have a core of surface ice-rich sediment bodies within which proc- silty and clayey mineral soil and show evidence of esses related to terrestrial rock glaciers may be oper- cryoturbation [1,4]. On the Earth, these features are ating [31,32]. A widespread mid-latitude surface unit believed to form only in permafrost regions; individ- has been identified as a possible mantle of ice-rich ual earth hummocks are typically 50 to 150 cm across, materials [33]. Local-scale polygonal terrains have and often occur in dense clusters. Ice wedges are been identified [34-36] at latitudes consistent with formed mainly in zones of continuous permafrost regions where near-surface water may have been de- through the combined and repeated processes of ther- tected [37]. mal contraction cracking and the penetration of sur- A Survey of Small-Scale Hummocky and Po- face water into these cracks by water flow and by the lygonal Features on Mars: High-resolution MOC formation of hoar frost [5,6]. Terrestrial ice wedges images are being examined for features that have can be about 10 cm to 3 m in width at the surface, morphological similarities with terrestrial permafrost tapering to zero width at a depth of 1-20 m. Ice and periglacial features. To date, over 250 images wedges, and their sand wedge
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