572160bk Beethoven:570034bk Hasse 30/5/10 9:37 PM Page 4 Arpeggios introduce the fourth variation, with a fifth in D familiar theme was used for the Turkish March in minor leading directly to the sixth, in B flat major. The Beethoven’s The Ruins of Athens two years later. The first seventh version of the theme is marked Molto adagio ed variation is in semiquavers, the second introduces BEETHOVEN espressivo, to be followed by an Allegro vivace apt for syncopation and the third is in 6/8, reverting to duple the flirtation and joking of the borrowed theme. metre in the fourth. Semiquavers mark the fifth variation, Beethoven’s Six Variations in D major, Op. 76, were with the sixth marked Presto and leading to the return of Eroica Variations written in 1809 and dedicated to his friend Franz Oliva, the theme. who had been helpful to him in business matters. The Keith Anderson Piano Variations on Themes by Haibel, Wranitzky, Salieri and Süssmayr Ian Yungwook Yoo In 2007 Ian Yungwook Yoo won first prize in the Second Beethoven Competition in Bonn. His professional career Ian Yungwook Yoo, Piano was first launched when he won by unanimous vote first prize in the Thirteenth Paloma O’Shea Santander International Piano Competition in 1998. Since then he has performed in over twenty countries throughout the world, and released his first commercial recording for the Naxos label, featuring piano transcriptions by Franz Liszt. A prize-winner in other international competitions, including the Richter Competition in Moscow, Vianna da Motta in Portugal, International E-Competition in the United States and the Montreal International Music Competition in Canada, he enjoys a career that has brought collaboration with leading orchestras and conductors in addition to solo recitals. Ian Yungwook Yoo was born in 1977 in Seoul, Korea, where he began his musical studies. He gave his first recital at the age of ten, performing his own compositions. His exceptional talent led to several grants to support his education in his native country and later in the United States. In 1996 he joined The Juilliard School, studying with Martin Canin and in 1997 with Jerome Lowenthal, receiving his Bachelor’s Degree in 2001. From 2002 he studied with C Solomon Mikowsky at Manhattan School of Music, where he received the degree of Master of Music in 2004. M Since 2009 he has been serving as a professor at the Yonsei University in Korea. Y K 8.572160 4 572160bk Beethoven:570034bk Hasse 30/5/10 9:37 PM Page 2 Ludwig van Beethoven (1770–1827) a triplet semiquaver version, including a brief cadenza. in 1796. The theme taken by Beethoven for his Twelve Piano Variations An abrupt third variation leads to a fourth with a running Variations on the Russian Dance from Wranitzky’s ‘Das semiquaver left-hand part and right-hand chords, with a Waldmädchen’, WoO 71, written in 1796-97, is in fact by Born in Bonn in 1770, Ludwig van Beethoven was the introducing innovation after innovation as he grew older. syncopated fifth variation. The theme is heard with great the seemingly Italian Giovanni Giornovichi, distinguished eldest son of a singer in the musical establishment of the He died in 1827, his death the occasion of public clarity in the sixth variation, while the seventh is in canon as a violinist, composer and billiards-player and for his Archbishop-Elector of Cologne and grandson of the mourning in Vienna. at the octave. The hand-crossing of the eighth variation is quarrelsome temperament, who, in a peripatetic career, Archbishop’s former Kapellmeister, whose name he took. The art of variation lies at the heart of a great deal of succeeded by a ninth version in which the bass of the served for a time at the court of Catherine the Great in St The household was not a happy one. Beethoven’s father music. Extended works may include movements theme is heard in lower register grace notes while the Petersburg, where he died in 1804. Beethoven’s variations became increasingly inadequate both as a singer and as a consisting of variations, whether so titled or not. In tenth brings a division of labour. The following three were dedicated to Countess von Browne, wife of the father and husband, with his wife always ready to draw improvisation variation is essential, since a performer variations explore other keyboard sonorities before the Russian ambassador in Vienna. The A major theme is invidious comparisons between him and his own father. was, and is, often obliged to offer variations on a given penultimate E flat minor fourteenth version and the marked Allegretto and the variations again include a third Beethoven, however, was trained as a musician, however theme as a demonstration of this skill. Beethoven’s earliest ornamented Largo of the E flat major fifteenth. The fugal and a seventh in the tonic minor key, with an eleventh erratically, and duly entered the service of the Archbishop, variations date from 1782 when he wrote a set of subject, the bass of the theme, is announed by the second also in A minor. The final 6/8 extended variation includes serving as an organist and as a string-player in the variations on a theme by the singer Ernst Christoph voice, answered by the upper voice and followed by a a dramatic coda, leading to the return of the original key archiepiscopal orchestra. He was already winning some Dressler. His last set of variations for the piano were third entry in the lower register. The fugal texture is and the compound metre with which it had begun. distinction in Bonn, when, in 1787, he was first sent to completed in 1823, the Diabelli Variations on a waltz by interrupted by a passage that leads to the return of the full Antonio Salieri held an influential position in the Vienna, to study with Mozart. The illness of his mother the composer and publisher Anton Diabelli. theme and its subsequent elaboration in a brilliant musical life of Vienna, where he had settled in 1766, to forced an early return from this venture and her In 1802 and 1803 Beethoven was working on his third conclusion. become court composer and conductor of the Italian opera subsequent death left him with responsibility for his symphony, a work initially intended as a tribute to The Twelve Variations on the ‘Menuett à la Viganò‘ eight years later. Salieri’s operas enjoyed very younger brothers, in view of his father’s domestic and Napoleon. On the news in 1804 that Napoleon had been from Jakob Haibel’s ‘Le nozze disturbate‘, WoO 68, was considerable contemporary success. His Falstaff, based professional failures. In 1792 Beethoven was sent once crowned Emperor, he is said to have destroyed the first written in 1795. Haibel, who later married Constanze on Shakespeare, was staged in Vienna in 1799, the year more to Vienna, now to study with Haydn, whom he had page, with its dedication, seeing in his former republican Mozart’s younger sister, Sophie Weber, was a member of Beethoven’s Ten Variations on ‘La stessa, la met in Bonn. hero a man who was like the rest. For the last movement of Emanuel Schikaneder’s company at the Vienna stessissima’, WoO 73, dedicated to his pupil Countess Beethoven’s early career in Vienna was helped very of what is now known as the Eroica Symphony Beethoven Freihaus-Theater auf der Wieden, where Mozart’s last Babette von Keglevics. The theme is taken from the considerably by the circumstances of his move there. The presented a set of seven variations and a fugue, using a opera Die Zauberflöte had been staged. His ballet- duettino in Act I, where Mistress Ford and Mistress Archbishop was a son of the Empress Maria Theresa and theme he had written for Salvatore Viganò’s ballet The pantomime Le nozze disturbate, or Die unterbrochene Slender compare the letters they have received from there were introductions to leading members of society in Creatures of Prometheus in 1801. The Fifteen Variations Hochzeit (The Interrupted Marriage) was staged at the Falstaff, and find them identical. The variations start with the imperial capital. Here Beethoven was able to establish and Fugue in E flat major on an Original Theme, Op. 35, theatre in 1795 by Schikaneder and enjoyed contemporary chromatic scales, accompanying the outline of the an early position for himself as a pianist of remarkable using the Prometheus theme and written in 1802, have success. The famous dancer and choreographer Salvatore melody, and a semiquaver variation is followed by ability, coupled with a clear genius in the necessarily long been known as the Eroica Variations, a title Viganò, Boccherini’s nephew, was in Vienna at the same syncopation, then triplets, before a fifth variation in the related arts of improvisation and composition. The onset borrowed from the symphony. The work was dedicated to time. The C major theme, also used for variations by other minor. The set ends with an Allegretto, Alla austriaca, of deafness at the turn of the century seemed an irony of count Moritz Lichnowsky, brother of Beethoven’s composers, is simple enough and the variations include a and a cadenza leading to the return of the theme. Fate. It led Beethoven gradually away from a career as a generous patron Prince Karl Lichnowsky. In an fourth and seventh in C minor and end with a twelfth The F major Eight Variations on ‘Tändeln und virtuoso performer and into an area of composition where Introduction the bass of the theme is heard, followed by version marked Allegro, capped by a final short Adagio Scherzen’ from Franz Xaver Süssmayr’s ‘Soliman II’, he was able to make remarkable changes and extensions a version a due, the bass in the left hand.