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Mormons and Germany, 1914-1933 Brigham Young University BYU ScholarsArchive Theses and Dissertations 1991 Mormons and Germany, 1914-1933: A History of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-Day Saints in Germany and its Relationship With the German Governments from World War I to the Rise of Hitler Jeffery L. Anderson Brigham Young University - Provo Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd Part of the European History Commons, Mormon Studies Commons, and the United States History Commons BYU ScholarsArchive Citation Anderson, Jeffery L., "Mormons and Germany, 1914-1933: A History of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-Day Saints in Germany and its Relationship With the German Governments from World War I to the Rise of Hitler" (1991). Theses and Dissertations. 4476. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/4476 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by BYU ScholarsArchive. It has been accepted for inclusion in Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of BYU ScholarsArchive. For more information, please contact [email protected], [email protected]. p lozlod aaAS5 12z r MORMONS AND GERMANY 191419331914 1933 A HISTORY OF THE CHURCH OF JESUS CHRIST OF LATTERDAYLATTER DAY SAINTS IN GERMANY AND ITS relationship WITH THE GERMAN governments FROM WORLD WAR I1 TO THE RISE OF HITLER A thesis presented to the department of history brigham young university in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree master of arts by jeffery L anderson july 1991 this thesis by jeffery L anderson is accepted in the present form by the department of history of brigham young university as satisfying the thesis requirements for the degree of master of arts j- r itou4l6fbouglafmjr SPobrerobder committee chairman o i F Lbilallubiullu louisoiB cardon committee member 7 C alliyawaAlliY ajl 11IIIaei111151ayi aaaaWA 9 1jlildiidduseduge24i arnoldarnoldiarnoldtxafdbH gieehgrechgreoh graduate coordinator 11 acknowledgments upon completion of this thesis I1 would like to express my gratitude to those persons who have helped make this thesis possible first dr douglas tobler who sparked my interest in german history and who spent countless hours reading evaluating and suggesting ideas and improvements for this thesis I1 would also like to thank the staff at the LDS church archives my friends and colleagues who helped find materials pertinent to my topic I1 especially wish to note those in the background who painstakingly arrange describe and catalog the materials finally I1 wish to thank my family my wife lori and our children heidi and justin lori spent countless hours proofreading organizing and offering moral support illlii TABLE OF CONTENTS acknowledgementsACKNOWLEDGEMENTS iiilil LIST OF TABLES v LIST OF MAPS vi introduction I11 chapter I1 the early years 0 0 0 0 0 5 II11 world war I1 0 0 39 illIII111 from the armistice through the end of the inflation 191819231918 1923 77 IV between inflation and depression 0 0 0 110 V the great depression and hitler 143 EPILOGUE AND conclusion 0 162 appendices A address given in general conference by hyrum valentine 6 april 1917 0 174 B letter wilhelm kessler to hyrum valentine 31 july 1914 0 0 0 0 178 C resolution 29 march 1917 0 0 0 0 0 180 doD mission presidents of the swissswissgermangerman mission 191219331912 1933 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 182 E mission presidents of the germanaustriangerman austrian mission 192519301925 1930 0 0 0 183 foF mission presidents of the european mission 191319331913 1933 0 0 0 184 bibliography 0 0 0 185 iv LIST OF TABLES 1 utahs war record in 1917 58 2 dollar quotations for the mark selected dates 1914 and 1919231919 23 100 3 emigration of mormons from the germanspeakinggerman speaking missions 199 4 emigration of mormons from germany 201 5 percentage of emigrants from germanspeakinggerman speaking missions 204 6 percentage of emigrants from germany 206 7 baptisms for the germanspeakinggerman speaking missions 208 8 baptisms for germany 210 9 membership for the germanspeakinggerman speaking missions 212 10 membership for germany 214 11 missionaries called to germanspeakinggerman speaking missions 216 12 population of selected missions of the church 218 13 baptisms for selected missions of the church 221 v LIST OF MAPS 1 distribution of church members throughout germany 1875 0 223 2 distribution of church members throughout germany 1880 0 0 0 224 3 distribution of church members throughout germany 1890 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 225 4 distribution of church members throughout germany 1900 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 226 5 distribution of church members throughout germany 190819080 0 0 0 0 0 227 6 distribution of church members throughout germany 192119210 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 228 7 distribution of church members throughout germany 1925 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 229 8 distribution of church members throughout germany 193019300 0 0 230 9 distribution of church members throughout germany 1935 0 231 vi introduction in the spring of 1820 joseph smith then only fourteen years old went into a grove of trees to pray his intent was to see if through prayer he could gain divine guidance in discovering the true church of god joseph recounts that much to his surprise while he prayed two personages who he identified as god the father and his son jesus christ appeared and informed him that none of the religions of his day were true but that through him the true church of god would be restored to the earth in subsequent years joseph smith said that with divine assistance he was given an ancient record which through inspiration he translated this record is known as the book of mormon and it was upon this book and other revelations given to joseph smith that the church of jesus christ of latterlatterdayday saints was founded Morcormonsmormonsmons the common name for the churchs members believe this to be the restored gospel of jesus christ and that the church is through a prophet run by christ to this day the bible records that shortly after his resurrection jesus christ gave his disciples the mandate to go into all the world and preach the gospel to every creature 1111 this tmarkemark1mark 1615 2 mandate was reaffirmed by joseph smith after the church was organized in 1830 2 though not the earliest 3 some of the first attempts by the church to fulfill the call to preach the gospel to all the world were made in the conglomeration of germanspeakinggerman speaking states which under the unifying hand of bismarck became imperial germany in 1871 because of governmental restrictions these early efforts met with only limited success but by the latter part of the nineteenth century mormonism had established a lasting foothold in germany nonetheless the church continued to meet firm resistance from both religious and secular authorities until the demise of the german monarchy after the first world war Morcormonsmormonsmons however seem to have been enamored with the german culture the founder and prophet joseph smith learned german had a strong affinity for the german bible and called germans an exalted people 4 much of this affection it appears stemmed from the admiration for the lutheran reformation luthers translation of the bible the german heritage of tolerance for new religions doctrine and covenants 8462 athe3thehe earliest attempts to preach mormonism outside the united states were made first in canada and then in england eachcathingscachcachingsinasings of the prophet joseph smith ed joseph fielding smith salt lake deseret book 1977 364 3 the churchs prospects in germany improved significantly in 1918 when the democratic weimar republic replaced the monarchy taking advantage of the democracys new freedoms the church began what could be argued was its greatest proselyting success in germany up tothattothamto that time this thesis discusses the events and conditions which brought about this success including the churchs interaction with various german governments local and national which rose and fell from the beginning of the first world war in the summer of 1914 until the appointment of adolf hitler in january of 1933 it also discusses the impact that events in germany had on the church and its membership in germany and in the united states attention will also be given to the internal development of the church in germany and its struggles and triumphs over the political economic and social conditions which prevailed throughout the period also included will be an introductory chapter covering the events relating to the experience of mormonism in germany prior to 1914 the reader should also be aware of the limitations of the source material unfortunately because the church in germany was during the period in question run primarily by american missionaries the bulk of the sources reflect only their perspective while the perspective of germanmormonsgerman mormons received little attention in addition for convenience of arrangement a discussion of the internal everyday workings of the branches in germany will not be discussed until chapter 4 CHAPTER 1 THE EARLY YEARS proselyting efforts by mormons in german lands prior to 1918 had been made difficult due to a pattern of harassment primarily from local officials but also from religious leaders missionaries were scarcely off the boat before they were attacked by a battery of prejudices A primary source of trouble came from leaders of the established religions who saw mormonism as an attack on the protestant and catholic status quo in a time when traditional religions in europe were challenged on all sides mormonism appeared
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