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Tax Policy and Consumer Spending: Evidence from Japanese Fiscal Experiments
NBER WORKING PAPER SERIES TAX POLICY AND CONSUMER SPENDING: EVIDENCE FROM JAPANESE FISCAL EXPERIMENTS Katsunori Watanabe Takayuki Watababe Tsutomu Watanabe Working Paper 7252 http://www.nber.org/papers/w7252 NATIONAL BUREAU OF ECONOMIC RESEARCH 1050 Massachusetts Avenue Cambridge, MA 02138 July 1999 This paper was presented at the NBER/TCER Japan Project Meeting held in Tokyo, October 29-30, 1998. We thank Fumio Hayashi for helpful conversations and suggestions, Alan Auerbach (our discussant at the conference) and other conference participants for helpful comments, and Tomoko Katagiri for research assistance. The views expressed in this paper are those of the authors and not those of the Bank of Japan or Hitotsubashi University or the National Bureau of Economic Research. © 1999 by Katsunori Watanabe, Takayuki Watababe, and Tsutomu Watanabe . All rights reserved. Short sections of text, not to exceed two paragraphs, may be quoted without explicit permission provided that full credit, including © notice, is given to the source. Tax Policy and Consumer Spending: Evidence from Japanese Fiscal Experiments Katsunori Watanabe, Takayuki Watababe, and Tsutomu Watanabe NBER Working Paper No. 7252 July 1999 JEL No. E21, H31 ABSTRACT This paper studies the extent to which the impact of tax policy on consumer spending differs between temporary and permanent, as well as anticipated and unanticipated tax changes. To discriminate between them, we use institutional information such as legal distinction between temporary and permanent tax changes, as well as timing of policy announcement and implementation. We find that the impact of temporary changes is significantly smaller than the impact of permanent changes. We also find that more than 80 per cent of Japanese consumers, including those who distinguish between temporary and permanent tax changes, respond to tax changes at the time of their implementation and not at the time of a policy announcement. -
Conceptualisations of the Consumer in Marketing Thought
Marquette University e-Publications@Marquette Marketing Faculty Research and Publications Marketing, Department of 2-2016 Conceptualisations of the Consumer in Marketing Thought Ann-Marie Kennedy Gene R. Laczniak Follow this and additional works at: https://epublications.marquette.edu/market_fac Part of the Marketing Commons Marquette University e-Publications@Marquette Department of Marketing Faculty Research and Publications/College of Business This paper is NOT THE PUBLISHED VERSION. Access the published version via the link in the citation below. European Journal of Marketing, Vol. 50, No. 1/2 (February 2016): 166-188. DOI. This article is © Emerald and permission has been granted for this version to appear in e-Publications@Marquette. Emerald does not grant permission for this article to be further copied/distributed or hosted elsewhere without the express permission from Emerald. Conceptualisations of the Consumer in Marketing Thought Ann-Marie Kennedy Department of Marketing, Advertising, Retail and Sales, University of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand Gene R. Laczniak Graduate School of Management, Marquette University, Milwaukee, WI, USA Abstract Purpose This paper seeks to gain an understanding of how different consumer conceptualisations in marketing may lead to negative outcomes. Every profession has its grand vision. The guiding vision for most marketing professionals is customer orientation. Of course, reality is more complex and nuanced than a single unified vision. Organisations tout their consumer-centric marketing decisions, in that they use consumer research to make operational decisions about products, prices, distribution and the like. However, marketers’ treatment of consumers is often far from the customer’s best interests. It is proposed that by understanding the different conceptualisations of the consumer over time, we can explore their implications for putting authentic consumer-centric marketing into practise. -
What Role Does Consumer Sentiment Play in the U.S. Economy?
The economy is mired in recession. Consumer spending is weak, investment in plant and equipment is lethargic, and firms are hesitant to hire unemployed workers, given bleak forecasts of demand for final products. Monetary policy has lowered short-term interest rates and long rates have followed suit, but consumers and businesses resist borrowing. The condi- tions seem ripe for a recovery, but still the economy has not taken off as expected. What is the missing ingredient? Consumer confidence. Once the mood of consumers shifts toward the optimistic, shoppers will buy, firms will hire, and the engine of growth will rev up again. All eyes are on the widely publicized measures of consumer confidence (or consumer sentiment), waiting for the telltale uptick that will propel us into the longed-for expansion. Just as we appear to be headed for a "double-dipper," the mood swing occurs: the indexes of consumer confi- dence register 20-point increases, and the nation surges into a prolonged period of healthy growth. oes the U.S. economy really behave as this fictional account describes? Can a shift in sentiment drive the economy out of D recession and back into good health? Does a lack of consumer confidence drag the economy into recession? What causes large swings in consumer confidence? This article will try to answer these questions and to determine consumer confidence’s role in the workings of the U.S. economy. ]effre9 C. Fuhrer I. What Is Consumer Sentitnent? Senior Econotnist, Federal Reserve Consumer sentiment, or consumer confidence, is both an economic Bank of Boston. -
Public Papers of the Presidents of the United States
PUBLIC PAPERS OF THE PRESIDENTS OF THE UNITED STATES i VerDate 11-MAY-2000 13:33 Nov 01, 2000 Jkt 010199 PO 00000 Frm 00001 Fmt 1234 Sfmt 1234 C:\94PAP2\PAP_PRE txed01 PsN: txed01 ii VerDate 11-MAY-2000 13:33 Nov 01, 2000 Jkt 010199 PO 00000 Frm 00002 Fmt 1234 Sfmt 1234 C:\94PAP2\PAP_PRE txed01 PsN: txed01 iii VerDate 11-MAY-2000 13:33 Nov 01, 2000 Jkt 010199 PO 00000 Frm 00003 Fmt 1234 Sfmt 1234 C:\94PAP2\PAP_PRE txed01 PsN: txed01 Published by the Office of the Federal Register National Archives and Records Administration For sale by the Superintendent of Documents U.S. Government Printing Office Washington, DC 20402 iv VerDate 11-MAY-2000 13:33 Nov 01, 2000 Jkt 010199 PO 00000 Frm 00004 Fmt 1234 Sfmt 1234 C:\94PAP2\PAP_PRE txed01 PsN: txed01 Foreword During the second half of 1994, America continued to move forward to help strengthen the American Dream of prosperity here at home and help spread peace and democracy around the world. The American people saw the rewards that grew out of our efforts in the first 18 months of my Administration. Economic growth increased in strength, and the number of new jobs created during my Administration rose to 4.7 million. After 6 years of delay, the American people had a Crime Bill, which will put 100,000 police officers on our streets and take 19 deadly assault weapons off the street. We saw our National Service initiative become a reality as I swore in the first 20,000 AmeriCorps members, giving them the opportunity to serve their country and to earn money for their education. -
Will US Consumer Debt Reduction Cripple the Recovery?
McKinsey Global Institute March 2009 Will US consumer debt reduction cripple the recovery? McKinsey Global Institute The McKinsey Global Institute (MGI), founded in 1990, is McKinsey & Company’s economics research arm. MGI’s mission is to help business and government leaders develop a deeper understanding of the evolution of the global economy and provide a fact base that contributes to decision making on critical management and policy issues. MGI’s research is a unique combination of two disciplines: economics and management. By integrating these two perspectives, MGI is able to gain insights into the microeconomic underpinnings of the broad trends shaping the global economy. MGI has utilized this “micro-to-macro” approach in research covering more than 15 countries and 28 industry sectors, on topics that include productivity, global economic integration, offshoring, capital markets, health care, energy, demographics, and consumer demand. Our research is conducted by a group of full-time MGI fellows based in of fices in San Francisco, Washington, DC, London, and Shanghai. MGI project teams also include consultants drawn from McKinsey’s offices around the world and are supported by McKinsey’s network of industry and management experts and worldwide partners. In addition, MGI teams work with leading economists, including Nobel laureates and policy experts, who act as advisers to MGI projects. MGI’s research is funded by the par tners of McKinsey & Company and not commissioned by any business, government, or other institution. Further information about MGI and copies of MGI’s published reports can be found at www.mckinsey.com/mgi. Copyright © McKinsey & Company 2009 McKinsey Global Institute March 2009 Will US consumer debt reduction cripple the recovery? Martin N. -
Consuming: Historical and Conceptual Issues
1 CONSUMING: HISTORICAL AND CONCEPTUAL ISSUES The twentieth century has been termed ‘The American Century’ (Luce, 1941; Evans, 1998). This designation seems especially appropriate in respect of contemporary consumer culture and associated consumer lifestyles, for as the twentieth century developed the global reach and influence of American consumerism increased markedly. With the growth of American economic and cultural influence, particularly in the latter half of the century, American consumer brands, culture, and lifestyles increasingly were being exported to and adopted by the rest of the world, albeit inflected in various ways by local customs and practices (Ritzer, 2005; Brewer and Trentman, 2006). American corporations, consumer goods, cultural forms, and styles exerted an increasing influ- ence over people’s lives and corporate brands, commodities, and services associated with the likes of Ford, Coca-Cola, Disney, McDonalds, Nike, MTV, Microsoft, Starbucks, and numerous other commercial enter- prises became cultural universals, immediately recognizable features of the consumer landscapes of a growing number of people around the world. If consumerism had its initial roots in Europe in the seventeenth century, as the fruits of conquest and colonization gave rise to increasing material wealth and a growth in the range of products available for consumption (McKendrick et al., 1983; Brewer and Porter, 1993), the ‘imitation’ that quickly took hold in the American colonies, and then in an independent USA, became from the late nineteenth century the ‘real thing’, a way of life to which, in due course, more and more people around the world have aspired, albeit while also at times attaching local 2 CONSUMER SOCIETY meanings and values to the commodities and services purchased and consumed (Glickman, 1999; Beck et al., 2003; Breen, 2004; Brewer and Trentmann, 2006). -
Helle Haurum CUSTOMER ENGAGEMENT BEHAVIOR in the CONTEXT of CONTINUOUS SERVICE RELATIONSHIPS
Customer Engagement Behavior in the Context of Continuous Service Relationships Haurum, Helle Document Version Final published version Publication date: 2018 License CC BY-NC-ND Citation for published version (APA): Haurum, H. (2018). Customer Engagement Behavior in the Context of Continuous Service Relationships. Copenhagen Business School [Phd]. PhD series No. 02.2018 Link to publication in CBS Research Portal General rights Copyright and moral rights for the publications made accessible in the public portal are retained by the authors and/or other copyright owners and it is a condition of accessing publications that users recognise and abide by the legal requirements associated with these rights. Take down policy If you believe that this document breaches copyright please contact us ([email protected]) providing details, and we will remove access to the work immediately and investigate your claim. Download date: 30. Sep. 2021 COPENHAGEN BUSINESS SCHOOL IN THE CONTEXT OF CONTINUOUS SERVICE RELATIONSHIPS CUSTOMER ENGAGEMENT BEHAVIOR SOLBJERG PLADS 3 DK-2000 FREDERIKSBERG DANMARK WWW.CBS.DK ISSN 0906-6934 Print ISBN: 978-87-93579-58-3 Online ISBN: 978-87-93579-59-0 Helle Haurum CUSTOMER ENGAGEMENT BEHAVIOR IN THE CONTEXT OF CONTINUOUS SERVICE RELATIONSHIPS The PhD School in Economics and Management PhD Series 02.2018 PhD Series 02-2018 Customer Engagement Behavior in the context of Continuous Service Relationships Helle Haurum Supervisors: Associate Professor Mogens Bjerre Professor Suzanne C. Beckmann Associate Professor Sylvia von -
Review and Future Directions of Cross-Cultural Consumer Services Research ⁎ Jingyun Zhang A, , Sharon E
Available online at www.sciencedirect.com Journal of Business Research 61 (2008) 211–224 Review and future directions of cross-cultural consumer services research ⁎ Jingyun Zhang a, , Sharon E. Beatty b,1, Gianfranco Walsh c,2 a Department of Marketing, College of Business Administration, Bowling Green State University, Bowling Green, OH 43403, USA b Culverhouse College of Commerce and Business Administration, University of Alabama, P. O. Box 870225, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487-0225, USA c Institute for Management, University of Koblenz-Landau, Universitätsstrasse 1, 56070 Koblenz, Germany Abstract It is widely recognized that an increasing number of service firms are expanding into international markets. Many studies in the services marketing literature have focused on the identification and discussion of similarities and/or differences in consumer service experiences across nations and cultures. In this paper we review the relevant literature, address conceptual and methodological issues associated with extant cross- cultural consumer services research and suggest theories and approaches in regards to future research in the area. In addition, we introduce and discuss the concept of “cultural service personality” as a potential new theoretical perspective. © 2007 Published by Elsevier Inc. Keywords: Cross-cultural; Services research; Service expectations; Evaluations of service; Reactions to service Contents 1. Introduction ............................................................. 211 2. Article selection method ...................................................... -
Tesi Fernando Borelli Vdef
Department of Management Major in Luxury, Fashion and Chair of Fashion Management Made in Italy BUILDING A SOLID OMNICHANNEL STRATEGY: OMNICEXI FRAMEWORK AND BEST PRACTICES SUPERVISOR: CO-SUPERVISOR: Prof. Carlo Fei Prof. Alberto Festa CANDIDATE: Fernando Borelli Student’s number 698411 ACADEMIC YEAR 2018/2019 A te che mi sostieni incondizionatamente, A te che sei il mio esempio, da sempre, A te che mi hai insegnato l’amore vero, A te che sei sempre con me. “AVT CAESAR AUT NIHIL” 2 Table of Contents Introduction ................................................................................................................... 5 Chapter 1 – Literature Review ........................................................................................ 6 1.1 How to create value with channels ........................................................................... 6 1.1.1 Definition ........................................................................................................................................ 6 1.1.2 Touchpoints and Customer Journey ............................................................................................... 7 1.1.3 Customer Experience Management of Bernd Schmitt ................................................................. 12 1.2 Evolution of the channel strategy ........................................................................... 13 1.2.1 Single-channel Strategy ................................................................................................................ 13 1.2.2 Multichannel -
Consumer Purchasing Behaviour and Environment Label - a Bibliography
Consumer Purchasing Behaviour and Environment Label - A Bibliography CERC-ENVIS RESOURCE PARTNER CONSUMER EDUCATION AND RESEARCH CENTRE, AHMEDABAD, INDIA. 1 Consumer Purchasing Behaviour and Environment Label: A Bibliography Sponsored by ENVIS (Environment Information System) Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change Government of India New Delhi Year 2018 Compiled by ENVIS Resource Partner on Environment Literacy - Eco-labelling and Eco-friendly Products ENVIS Team Dr. V.G. Patel Chairman, CERC Uday Mawani Chief Executive Officer and Project Coordinator Dr. Ashoka Ghosh Programme Officer Mr. Milan Soni Information Officer Ms. Priyanka Joshi Research Associate www.cercenvis.nic.in Consumer Education and Research Centre, Ahmedabad DISCLAIMER The Content of the publication is made available with the sole purpose of providing scientific information from secondary sources and is not meant for commercial use and purposes. The information provided has been obtained from various secondary sources and inputs, and while efforts have been made to ensure the accuracy of the content, CERC-ENVIS Resource Partner is not responsible for, and expressly disclaims all liability for damages of any kind arising out of use reference to, or reliance on such information. ECO- MAKE CONSUMERSLABELS g r e e n 2 Introduction In recent years the businesses are being encouraged to adopt more environmentally friendly business practices. Consumers are increasing today. The increase in consumer concern in relation to their surrounding natural environment has started to show off their consumption behaviour. It leads to the creation of a new group of consumers as the green consumers who prefer and are willing to buy these products. Consumers have different buying behaviour and these behaviours are constantly changing as a result of the availability of better alternatives to choose from. -
Undoing the Demos : Neoliberalism's Stealth Revolution
ZONE BOOKS NEAR FUTURES SERIES Edited by Wendy Brown and Michel Feher Reckoning with the epochal nature of the turn that capitalism has taken in the last three decades, the editors of Near Futures seek to assemble a series of books that will illuminate its mani- fold implications — with regard to the production of value and values, the missions or disorientations of social and political institutions, the yearnings, reasoning, and conduct expected of individuals. However, the purpose of this project is not only to take stock of what neoliberal reforms and the dictates of finance have wrought: insofar as every mode of government generates resistances specific to its premises and practices, Near Futures also purports to chart some of the new conflicts and forms of activism elicited by the advent of our brave new world. UNDOING THE DEMOS Undoing the Demos: Neoliberalism’s Stealth Revolution Wendy Brown near futures © 2015 Wendy Brown zone Books 633 Vanderbilt street, Brooklyn, new York 11218 All rights reserved. A version of Chapter six was previously published as “The end of educated Democracy” in Representations, Volume 116 (Fall 2011) no part of this book may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, including electronic, mechanical, photocopying, microfilming, recording, or otherwise (except for that copying permitted by sections 107 and 108 of the U.s. Copyright Law and except by reviewers for the public press), without written permission from the Publisher. Printed in the United states of America. Distributed by The MIT Press, Cambridge, Massachusetts, and London, england. -
Consumer Culture and Purchase Behaviors
Inauguraldissertation zur Erlangung des akademischen Grades eines Doktors der Wirtschaftswissenschaften der Rechts- und Staatswissenschaftlichen Fakultät der Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-Universität Greifswald LEHRSTUHL FÜR BETRIEBSWIRTSCHAFTSLEHRE, INSBESONDERE MARKETING Consumer Culture and Purchase Behaviors: Analyses of Anticipated regret, Variety-seeking and Quality-consciousness In Germany and Iran Vorgelegt von: Atieh Bathaee Koitenhäger Landstraße 11b Erstgutachter: Prof. Dr. Hans Pechtl Zweitgutachter: Prof. Dr. Steffen Fleßa Dekan: Prof. Dr. Steinrücke Greifswald, den 17. Februar 2014 Tag der Disputation, den 06. Mai 2014 i Detailed Contents: Index of Subjects Index of Figures Index of Tables Abbreviations and symbols Acknowledgements PART A INTRODUCTION 1 1. Research rationale and objectives 1 2. Research questions 3 3. Scope of the study 5 4. Research Structure 5 PART B THEORITICAL BACKGROUNDS 7 1. Culture and individual 7 1.1 The concept of culture 7 1.2 Components of culture: Typology of cultural values and dimensions 8 1.3 Levels of culture: Typology of Macro vs. micro-level culture 11 1.4 Focus on Individual-level culture: Boundaries of the concept 13 1.5 Dimensions at different levels: approaches in measurement and analysis 15 1.5.1 Measurement of cultural dimensions 15 1.5.2 Analysis of cultural dimensions 20 1.6 Hofstede’s dimensional model: Framework of independent variables 22 1.7 Cultural dimensions, behaviors and context 25 1.7.1 Task as a contextual element 27 1.7.2 Nationality as a contextual element 28 1.7.3 Demographic