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Wetenschappelijke Verhandeling

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Wetenschappelijke Verhandeling UNIVERSITEIT GENT FACULTEIT POLITIEKE EN SOCIALE WETENSCHAPPEN Het gebruik van mythes in de Vlaamse sportjournalistiek: case Lance Armstrong. Wetenschappelijke verhandeling aantal woorden: 22 546 ELKE WAUTERS MASTERPROEF COMMUNICATIEWETENSCHAPPEN afstudeerrichting JOURNALISTIEK PROMOTOR: DR. ANNELORE DEPREZ COMMISSARIS: TIM HOEBEKE COMMISSARIS: PROF. DR. DIRK VOORHOOF ACADEMIEJAAR 2011 - 2012 Inzagerecht in de masterproef (*) Ondergetekende, Elke Wauters geeft hierbij toelating / geen toelating (**) aan derden, niet- behorend tot de examencommissie, om zijn/haar (**) proefschrift in te zien. Datum en handtekening 10/05/11 …………………………. Deze toelating geeft aan derden tevens het recht om delen uit de scriptie/ masterproef te reproduceren of te citeren, uiteraard mits correcte bronvermelding. ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------- (*) Deze ondertekende toelating wordt in zoveel exemplaren opgemaakt als het aantal exemplaren van de scriptie/masterproef die moet worden ingediend. Het blad moet ingebonden worden samen met de scriptie onmiddellijk na de kaft. (**) schrappen wat niet past 2 Abstract Het nieuws dat we via de verschillende media vernemen, zijn niet de nieuwsfeiten op zich. Het is een weergave van die gebeurtenissen. Daarbij fungeren de journalisten als storytellers. Zij geven ons hun verhaal over de feiten. Eén van de mogelijkheden die de journalisten hebben om hun verhaal te vertellen is via de mythe. Men kan een weergave van feiten in een krantenartikel gaan opbouwen zoals men dat vroeger in de mythologie deed. In die mythes komen verschillende personages aan bod, en de held is daar één van. Dit is meteen ook het onderwerp van deze masterproef. We gaan namelijk bekijken of er in de Vlaamse sportjournalistiek gebruik gemaakt wordt van mythes, en meer in het bijzonder van de heldenmythe. In deze studie gaan we specifiek de carrière van de wielrenner Lance Armstrong bekijken. We bestuderen of de fases die een held uit de vroegere mythes doorloopt, ook de revue passeren in het leven van Lance Armstrong. Hierbij maken we gebruik van de indeling van Campbell in wat hij de Hero’s Journey noemt. We zullen dan ook bestuderen of de elementen die Campbell aanhaalt ook voorkomen in de berichtgeving over de carrière van Lance Armstrong. Daarnaast onderzoeken we of Armstrong tijdelijk van gedaante verandert en daardoor als een trickster omschreven wordt. We doen dit door enkele sleutelmomenten uit zijn lange carrière van dichtbij te gaan bekijken. Onze analyse toont aan dat men in de berichtgeving over Lance Armstrong gebruik maakt van kenmerken uit de mythes. Dit is duidelijk het geval bij de heldenmythe, en in heel beperkte mate ook bij het type van de trickster. 3 Woord vooraf Aan het begin van deze masterproef wil ik een aantal mensen bedanken die mij geholpen hebben om deze scriptie tot een goed einde te brengen. De verwezenlijking van dit eindwerk was immers niet mogelijk geweest zonder de steun en de expertise van een aantal personen. Allereerst wil ik mijn promotor Dr. Annelore Deprez bedanken voor het aanvaarden van het promotorschap en voor de goede raad. Ook Tim Hoebeke wil ik zeker bedanken voor alle tips en hulp bij het onderzoek. Uiteraard wil ik ook mijn zus en mijn ouders bedanken voor alle steun en voor het kritisch nalezen van mijn eindwerk. Bedankt! 4 Inhoudstafel Abstract ...................................................................................................................................... 3 Woord vooraf ............................................................................................................................. 4 Inhoudstafel ................................................................................................................................ 5 Inleiding ..................................................................................................................................... 7 DEEL 1: THEORIE ................................................................................................................. 8 1. Storytelling ..................................................................................................................... 8 1.1. Media over sporthelden .................................................................................. 12 2. Mythes .......................................................................................................................... 13 3. Helden .......................................................................................................................... 15 3.1. Sportheld ......................................................................................................... 18 3.2. Sociale Functie Held ....................................................................................... 20 4. The Hero’s Journey ...................................................................................................... 22 4.1. Joseph Campbell & Christopher Vogler ......................................................... 22 4.1.1. Act One: Departure .................................................................................. 23 4.1.2. Act Two: Initiation ................................................................................... 23 4.1.3. Act Three: Return..................................................................................... 24 4.2. Peter Williams ................................................................................................ 25 5. Gedaanteverandering naar Trickster ............................................................................ 25 6. Conclusie Literatuurstudie ........................................................................................... 27 DEEL2: ONDERZOEK ......................................................................................................... 29 7. Lance Armstrong .......................................................................................................... 29 7.1. Beginjaren ....................................................................................................... 29 7.2. Kanker ............................................................................................................ 29 7.3. Comeback 1.0 en de 7 Tourzeges ................................................................... 30 7.4. Pensioen .......................................................................................................... 31 7.5. Comeback 2.0 ................................................................................................. 31 7.6. Definitief wielerpensioen ............................................................................... 31 8. Onderzoeksvragen ........................................................................................................ 31 9. Methode analyse ........................................................................................................... 32 9.1. Kwalitatieve inhoudsanalyse .......................................................................... 32 9.2. Steekproef ....................................................................................................... 32 9.2.1. Kranten ..................................................................................................... 33 9.2.2. Sleutelmomenten ...................................................................................... 33 9.2.3. Krantenartikels ......................................................................................... 34 5 9.3. Coderen ........................................................................................................... 35 9.3.1. Codeerformulier ....................................................................................... 35 10. Resultaten analyse ..................................................................................................... 36 10.1. Algemeen .................................................................................................. 36 10.2. Heldenmythe ............................................................................................. 38 10.2.1. Nederige afkomst ............................................................................... 38 10.2.2. Queeste ............................................................................................... 39 10.2.3. Obstakels en belemmeringen ............................................................. 45 10.2.4. Sociale waarden .................................................................................. 49 10.2.5. Celebrity ............................................................................................. 52 10.2.6. Aanverwante kenmerken .................................................................... 53 10.2.7. Conclusie Heldenmythe ..................................................................... 57 10.3. Trickster .................................................................................................... 58 10.3.1. Savage of victim? ............................................................................... 58 10.3.2. Afkeuring en vergiffenis .................................................................... 60 10.3.3. Conclusie Trickster ............................................................................ 63 11. Besluit ........................................................................................................................ 64 Bibliografie ..............................................................................................................................
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