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ISSN 0867-3888, e-ISSN 2353-5962 AKADEMIA WYCHOWANIA FI ZYCZ NE GO IM. BRONISŁAWA CZECHA W KRA KO WIE FOLIA TURISTICA Vol. 55 – 2020 KRAKÓW 2020 Editorial Board prof. nadzw. dr hab. Wiesław Alejziak – Editor-in-chief prof. nadzw. dr hab. Zygmunt Kruczek – Associate Editor dr Bartosz Szczechowicz – Editorial Board Secretary dr Mikołaj Bielański – Proxy of Open Access prof. nadzw. dr hab. Andrzej Matuszyk prof. nadzw. dr hab. Ryszard Winiarski prof. nadzw. dr hab. Maria Zowisło dr Sabina Owsianowska Thematic Editors prof. nadzw. dr hab. Maria Zowisło – Thematic Editor for Humanities prof. nadzw. dr hab. Zygmunt Kruczek – Thematic Editor for Geography dr Bartosz Szczechowicz – Thematic Editor for Economics Scientific Council prof. David Airey prof. dr hab. Barbara Marciszewska (University of Surrey, UK) (Gdynia Maritime University, Poland) prof. Richard W. Butler prof. Josef A. Mazanec (University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, UK) (MODUL University Vienna, Austria) prof. Erik Cohen prof. Douglas G. Pearce (The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Israel) (Victoria University of Wellington, New Zeland) prof. Chris Cooper prof. Philip L. Pearce (Oxford Brooks University, UK) (James Cook University, Australia) prof. dr hab. Zbigniew Dziubiński prof. nadzw. dr hab. Krzysztof Podemski (University of Physical Education in Warsaw, Poland) (Adam Mickiewicz University, Poland) prof. Milan Ďuriček prof. dr hab. Andrzej Rapacz (University of Presov, Slovakia) (Wrocław University of Economics, Poland) prof. Charles R. Goeldner prof. Chris Ryan (University of Colorado, Boulder, USA) (The University of Waikato, Hamilton, New Zeland) prof. dr hab. Grzegorz Gołembski prof. (emeritus) H. Leo Theuns (Poznań University of Economics, Poland) (Tilburg University, Netherlands) prof. Jafar Jafari prof. (emeritus) Boris Vukonić (University of Wisconsin-Stout, USA) (University of Zagreb, Croatia) prof. nadzw. dr hab. Magdalena Kachniewska prof. nadzw. dr hab. Bogdan Włodarczyk (Warsaw School of Economics, Poland) (University of Lodz, Poland) prof. nadzw. dr hab. Marek Kazimierczak prof. Arch G. Woodside (Poznan University of Physical Education, Poland) (Carroll School of Management, Boston College, USA) prof. dr hab. Andrzej Kowalczyk prof. nadzw. dr hab. Michał Żemła (University of Warsaw, Poland) (Pedagogical University of Cracow, Poland) Editors of this Volume Sabina Owsianowska, Bartosz Szczechowicz Statistical Editor dr Stanisław Matusik Language Editor (English version) Soren Gauger, AmE Native Katarzyna Smith-Nowak (native speaker) Address: University of Physical Education, Krakow al. Jana Pawła II 78, 31-571 Krakow, Pawilon IV, pok. 316, tel. +48 12 6831139 We wish to inform that in relation to all papers published in Folia Turistica, the version which is considered to be primal is the printed one. ISSN 0867-3888, e-ISSN 2353-5962 © Copyright by University of Physical Education, Krakow, Poland Opracowanie DTP: Ryszard Sasorski (Dział Nauki i Wydawnictw w Krakowie) Druk: Drukarnia Eikon Plus Dominik Sieńko, ul. Wybickiego 46, 31-302 Kraków Nakład: 100 egzemplarzy Vol. 55 FOLIA TURISTICA 2020 CONTENTS Sabina Owsianowska, Bartosz Szczechowicz: From the Editors 5 Marcin Olszewski, Marlena A. Bednarska: The Gender Gap in University-to-Industry Knowledge Transfer Engagement: A Case Study of Tourism Academia in Poland. 11 Beata Gierczak-Korzeniowska: Cultural Conditions in the Bench- marking Process of Tourism Enterprises . 25 Humberto Thomé-Ortiz: Social Construction of Mycological Culina- ry Heritage as a Tourist Resource and its Dimensions of Sustaina- bility . 45 Gilles Lecocq: Meeting Exotic Landscapes and Delicate Nature of the Inner Self: Two Sides of the “Vie au Grand Air” near “Géant de Provence” (France) . 67 Krzysztof Kołodziejczyk: The Negative Impact of Hiking on the Mountain Environment – The Position of Polish Scientists in Com- parison to Global Literature . 85 Oresta Bordun, Liubov Althaim: A Wooden Tourist Stamp as an Innovative Souvenir in the Tourist Activity of the Ukraine . 117 Michał Organ: ‘Go to Bieszczady!’: Tourism in the Western Bieszcza- dy Mountains in the 1930s . 139 Anna Wilkońska, Wojciech Maciejowski, Marta Damaszke, Bartłomiej Jerzak, Radosław Łabno, Bartosz Matuszczak, Ewa Palikot, Karolina Pińkowska: Tourist Profile in Polar Re- gions on the Example of Visitors to the Henryk Arctowski Polish Antarctic Station . 167 REVIEWS, COMMENST, SCIENTIFIC CONTROVERSY, MEMORIES Sabina Owsianowska: Conference Report: Anthropology of Tourism Interest Group (ATIG) Panel at the 117th Annual Meeting of the American Anthropological Association (2018) . 183 * * * Information and Instructions for Authors. 187 Vol. 55 FOLIA TURISTICA 2020 FROM THE EDITORS We bring to you the following, 55th issue of “Folia Turistica” scientific journal, and hope that it will be of interest to a wide range of readers. It con- sists of a collection of works prepared by authors representing Polish and for- eign academic centres, and at the same time – several scientific fields and dis- ciplines. In these works, sometimes completely differing issues were raised, using various approaches and research methods. However, what all these works have in common is the touristic context of the presented reflections. This issue, which consists of eight articles in its main part, begins with two texts dealing with topics related to broadly understood entrepreneur- ship (therefore, falling under the scope of economic sciences), but address- ing problems relatively rare in literature, and thus – original. The first of these works is by Marcin Olszewski and Marlena Bednarska, who ana- lyse the importance of gender in the involvement of knowledge transfer be- tween universities and industries. The value of this work can be seen in the fact that although both the issue of gender as a factor determining the roles played by women and men in society and the question of knowledge transfer between “science and business” are strongly present in contemporary sci- entific discourse, the confrontation of these two issues reveals a very inter- esting area for research. Answering to the question about differences in the approach of women and men to the commercialisation of knowledge, these authors undertook empirical research conducted in 2018 on a sample of 76 university employees in Poland dealing with tourism research. As a result of using this approach, it turned out that, above all, women are under-rep- resented at Polish universities in the field of tourism education in higher academic positions (i.e. extraordinary and full professors) but, at the same time, they are over-represented among scientists with positions in govern- ing bodies of scientific and industrial organisations, as well as among re- searchers involved in the transfer of knowledge to industries. These general results of research are discussed by the authors with reference to the litera- ture on the subject and the findings of other researchers. The second article has been prepared by Beata Gierczak-Korzeniows- ka. Its purpose was to draw attention to the need for tourist enterprises to consider cultural factors in their benchmarking analyses. To justify this the- sis, the author – based on a review of literature and examples taken from her own earlier empirical research – tries to reveal key types of cultures and some of their aspects that could significantly reduce or at least hinder the imple- 6 FROM THE EDITORS mentation of comparative analyses by tourism enterprises. Among these key cultural factors, the author distinguishes: national and organisational cul- ture of enterprises as well as the culture and code of conducting benchmark- ing analyses and – as she convincingly proves in her considerations – all of these factors play important roles in each phase of the benchmarking process (planning, searching, observation, analysis, adaptation). Although the paper is a review in nature, the considerations in it extend the traditional view on the implementation of comparative research in the tourism sector by cultur- al factors. Thanks to this, the work has cognitive as well as applicative value, which is revealed in the possibility of practically implementing many of the author’s interesting insights. Two more articles refer to the issue of sustainable tourism develop- ment, a region’s natural and cultural heritage and the role of local residents in the tourism process. Humberto Thomé-Ortiz relates to the tradition of collecting and the culinary use of mushrooms (mycological culinary herit- age) in central Mexico. On the example of two case studies, thanks to qual- itative research including participant observation and semi-structured in- terviews, the author shows ambivalence in the evaluation of tourism devel- opment of the described places. On the one hand, a conflict of interest arises regarding the need to protect tradition, and its potential from the point of view of economic benefits is on the other. The anthropologist’s considera- tions focus on the experiences of selected communities for which mushroom picking and processing are an important aspect of everyday life and inter- generational communication. The commercialisation of tradition by incor- porating individual and community experiences in the development strate- gies of mycological tourism requires respect for the principles of sustainable development in all three of the following areas: economic, environmental and social. This is a dilemma for it is difficult to find an optimal solution, despite the many debates, studies and practical solutions developed