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T.C. Nevġehġr Haci Bektaġ Velġ Ünġversġtesġ Fen Bġlġmlerġ Enstġtüsü Bġlecġk Ġlġ Kirsalinda Adlġ Entomolojġ B

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T.C. Nevġehġr Haci Bektaġ Velġ Ünġversġtesġ Fen Bġlġmlerġ Enstġtüsü Bġlecġk Ġlġ Kirsalinda Adlġ Entomolojġ B T.C. NEVġEHĠR HACI BEKTAġ VELĠ ÜNĠVERSĠTESĠ FEN BĠLĠMLERĠ ENSTĠTÜSÜ BĠLECĠK ĠLĠ KIRSALINDA ADLĠ ENTOMOLOJĠ BAKIMINDAN ÖNEMLĠ TÜRLERĠN MEVSĠMSEL OLARAK ĠNCELENMESĠ Tezi Hazırlayan Feyza KEÇĠCĠ Tez DanıĢmanı Dr. Öğr. Üyesi Aysel KEKĠLLĠOĞLU Biyoloji Anabilim Dalı Yüksek Lisans Tezi Ocak 2020 NEVġEHĠR TEġEKKÜR Tez çalıĢmamın fikir aĢamasında sonuçlanmasına kadar geçen süreçte, bilgi ve deneyimleri ile çalıĢmama yön veren, değerli vaktini, ilgisini, maddi ve manevi desteğini benden esirgemeyen değerli hocam, tez danıĢmanım Dr. Öğr. Üyesi Aysel KEKĠLLĠOĞLU‟na, Arazi çalıĢmalarımın her aĢamasında büyük yardımını ve desteğini gördüğüm canım EġĠME, Her yçnden beni destekleyen , her zaman arkamda olduğunu hissettiğim dostum Sümeyye YILMAZ‟ a, Laboratuvar çalıĢmalarım sırasında bilgilerini benimle paylaĢan Ebru KUNDURACI‟ ya, Ülkü Nur NAZLIER‟ e, Meteorolojik verilerin elde edilmesinde yardımcı olan BĠLECĠK METEOROLOJĠ MÜDÜRLÜĞÜ‟NE, Bugünlere gelmemde en büyük payı olan AĠLEME sonsuz teĢekkürlerimi sunarım. iv BĠLECĠK ĠLĠ KIRSALINDA ADLĠ ENTOMOLOJĠ BAKIMINDAN ÖNEMLĠ TÜRLERĠN MEVSĠMSEL OLARAK ĠNCELENMESĠ (Yüksek Lisans Tezi) Feyza KEÇĠCĠ NEVġEHĠR HACI BEKTAġ VELĠ ÜNĠVERSĠTESĠ FEN BĠLĠMLERĠ ENSTĠTÜSÜ Ocak 2020 ÖZET Tez çalıĢmamız kapsamında; Bilecik ili kırsal alanında adli entomoloji bakımından önemli türlerin, mevsimsel olarak incelenmesi amaçlanmıĢtır. ÇalıĢmamızın deneysel kısmı; 2017 Aralık - 2018 Aralık ayı tarihleri arasında; kıĢ, ilkbahar, yaz, sonbahar mevsimleri sürecinde gerçekleĢtirilmiĢtir. ÇalıĢma materyali olarak çürüme sürecini, ekolojik süksesyon ve mevcut faunayı incelemek amacıyla taze inek dalağı kullanılmıĢtır. Böcek örneklerini toplamak için kullanılan tuzaklar böceklerin kolayca girip çıkamayacağı Ģekilde geliĢtirilmiĢtir. Tez çalıĢmamızın laboratuar aĢamasında örneklerin preparasyon ve teĢhis iĢlemleri yapılmıĢtır. Sonuç olarak Arthropoda Ģubesi Insecta sınıfı taksonları kapsamında 14 familyaya ait 27 tür tespit edilmiĢtir. Çürüme ve ekolojik süksesyonun baĢlangıç ve sonraki aĢamalarında özellikle Diptera takımına ait türlerin; ileri ve son aĢamalarında ise Coleoptera takımına ait türlerin etkin oldukları gözlemlenmiĢtir. Örneklerin tür çeĢitliliği ve yoğunluğu birlikte değerlendirildiğinde özellikle ekolojik faktörlerden; sıcaklık, nem, rüzgarın etkili olduğu belirlenmekte, buna göre mevsimsel varyasyon sıralamasının yaz-ilkbahar-sonbahar ve kıĢ olduğu görülmektedir. Tez çalıĢmamız sonucunda elde edilen veriler doğrultusunda, bölgenin adli entomoloji alanında; faunistik, taksonomik, ekolojik ve de biyolojik karakteristik özelliklerinin tespitine katkı sağlanacağı düĢünülmektedir. Anahtar kelimeler: Adli Bilimler, Böcek, Ekoloji, Mevsimsel DeğiĢim, Bilecik, Kırsal alan Tez DanıĢmanı: Dr. Öğr. Üyesi Aysel KEKĠLLĠOĞLU Sayfa adedi:93 v SEASONAL ANALYSIS ON IMPORTANT SPECIES OF FORENSIC ENTOMOLOGY IN RURAL AREAS OF BĠLECĠK PROVINCE (Master thesis) FEYZA KEÇĠCĠ NEVġEHĠR HACI BEKTAġ VELĠ UNIVERSITY GRADUATE SCHOOL OF NATURAL AND APPLIED SCIENCES JAUNARY 2020 ABSTRACT Seasonal investigation of forensic ınsects species in rural area of Bilecik province is aimed within the scope of our thesis. The experimental part of our study was carried out between December 2017 - December 2018; during the periods of winter, spring, summer, autumn seasons. As the study material; fresh cow spleen was used to investigate decay process, ecological succession and present fauna. The traps used to collect insect specimens have been developed so that insects can easily enter and exit. The preparation and diagnostic procedures of the samples were carried out in the laboratory stage of our thesis. As a result, 27 species belonging to 14 families were identified within the scope of Insecta taxa of phylum Arthropoda. It was observed that species belonging to Diptera order were more effective in the beginning and subsequent stages of decay and ecological succession, while species belonging to Coleoptera order were more effective in the advanced and final stages of decay. When we evaluate the species diversity and density together; especially ecological factors; temperature, humidity, wind are determined to be effective here; accordingly, the seasonal variation ranking is summer-spring-autumn and winter. In line with the data obtained as a result of our thesis,; It is believed that the region will contribute to the determination of faunistic, taxonomic, ecological and biological characteristics in the field of forensic entomology Key Words: Forensic Entomology, Insect, Ecology, Seasonal Variation, Bilecik, Rural area Thesis Supervisor: Asst. Prof. Dr.Aysel KEKĠLLĠOĞLU Page Number:93 vi ĠÇĠNDEKĠLER KABUL VE ONAY .......................................................................................................... ii TEZ BĠLDĠRĠM SAYFASI.............................................................................................. iii TEġEKKÜR ..................................................................................................................... iv ÖZET v ABSTRACT ..................................................................................................................... vi ĠÇĠNDEKĠLER ............................................................................................................... vii RESĠMLER LĠSTESĠ........................................................................................................ x HARĠTALAR LĠSTESĠ .................................................................................................. xii TABLOLAR LĠSTESĠ ................................................................................................... xiii ÇĠZELGELER LĠSTESĠ ................................................................................................ xiv SĠMGE VE KISALTMALAR ........................................................................................ xv 1.BÖLÜM ......................................................................................................................... 1 GĠRĠġ 1 2. BÖLÜM ........................................................................................................................ 4 GENEL BĠLGĠLER .......................................................................................................... 4 2.1. Adli Entomoloji .......................................................................................................... 4 2.2. Adli Entomoloji‟nin Tarihçesi ................................................................................... 5 2.3. Ölüm Sonrası Meydana Gelen DeğiĢimler ................................................................ 8 2.3.1. Cesedin Bozulma Evreleri....................................................................................... 9 2.3.1.1. BaĢlangıç (0-1 Gün) ............................................................................................. 9 2.3.1.2. ġiĢme (2-6 Gün) ................................................................................................... 9 2.3.1.3. Aktif Çürüme (7-12 Gün)..................................................................................... 9 2.3.1.4. Ġleri Çürüme (13-51 Gün) .................................................................................... 9 2.3.1.5. Kuruma (52-207 gün) ......................................................................................... 10 2.3.2. Cesetlere Gelen Böcek Türlerinin Sınıflandırılması ............................................. 10 2.3.2.1. Nekrofaj Türler................................................................................................... 10 2.3.2.2. Predatör ve Parazitik Türler ............................................................................... 10 2.3.2.3. Omnivorlar ......................................................................................................... 10 2.3.2.4. Tesadüfi Türler ................................................................................................... 11 2.4. Böceklerin Cesede Gelmelerini Etkileyen Ekolojik Faktörler ................................. 11 2.4.1. Coğrafik Farklılıklar.............................................................................................. 11 vii 2.4.2. Mevsim Etkisi ....................................................................................................... 11 2.4.3. Sıcaklık ve Nem Etkisi .......................................................................................... 11 2.4.4. Toprak ................................................................................................................... 12 2.4.5. Rüzgar ................................................................................................................... 12 2.5. Böceklerin Genel Yapısı .......................................................................................... 13 2.5.1.BaĢ .......................................................................................................................... 13 2.5.2.Thorax .................................................................................................................... 14 2.5.3. Abdomen ............................................................................................................... 16 2.5.4.Üreme ..................................................................................................................... 17 2.5.5. GeliĢme ................................................................................................................. 18 3. BÖLÜM .....................................................................................................................
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