DOCSLIB.ORG

Effects of UV Photographs, Photoaging Information, and Use of Sunless Tanning Lotion on Sun Protection Behaviors

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Effects of UV Photographs, Photoaging Information, and Use of Sunless Tanning Lotion on Sun Protection Behaviors EVIDENCE-BASED DERMATOLOGY: STUDY A cooperative effort of the Clinical Epidemiology Unit of the Istituto Dermopatico dell’Immacolata Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IDI-IRCCS) and the Archives of Dermatology Effects of UV Photographs, Photoaging Information, and Use of Sunless Tanning Lotion on Sun Protection Behaviors Heike I. M. Mahler, PhD; James A. Kulik, PhD; Jody Harrell, MA; Alma Correa, BA; Frederick X. Gibbons, PhD; Meg Gerrard, PhD Objectives: To examine the efficacy of UV photo- intervention plus use of sunless tanning lotion, and a con- graphs and information about photoaging (eg, trol condition. wrinkles and age spots) for increasing the sun protec- tion intentions and behaviors of young adults and to Main Outcome Measures: Participants sun protec- determine whether any effects of this appearance- tion intentions as assessed immediately after the inter- based intervention could be enhanced by providing a vention and sun protection behaviors during the month non-UV alternative for achieving a tan (ie, sunless tan- after the intervention as assessed during a surprise tele- ning lotion). phone follow-up. Design: Randomized control trial with 1-month follow- Results: The intervention resulted in significantly stron- up. ger sun protection intentions (PϽ.001) and greater sun pro- tection behaviors (PϽ.05) relative to controls. Further- Setting: Two universities in Southern California. more, the group that also used sunless tanning lotion tended to engage in greater sun protection behaviors than the group Participants: A volunteer sample of 146 college stu- that received the intervention alone (PϽ.08). dents, 91.1% of whom completed the “surprise” 1-month follow-up. Conclusion: The UV photographic intervention holds promise as a cost-effective approach to motivate prac- Intervention: A UV facial photograph and a brief vid- tices that may ultimately result in health benefits (ie, re- eotape describing the causes and consequences of pho- duced skin cancer rates). toaging. The study tested the effects of the photoaging information/UV photographic intervention only, the Arch Dermatol. 2005;141:373-380 HE INCIDENCE OF NEW SKIN Section Editors cancer cases is increasing at 1 Michael E. Bigby, MD, Beth Israel a rate of 3% to 4% per year, Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard and the incidence of the Medical School, Boston, Mass most deadly form of skin Rosamaria Corona, DSc, MD, Istituto Tcancer (melanoma) is increasing more rap- Dermopatico dell’Immacolata, idly than that of any other type of can- Rome, Italy cer.2 It is widely recognized that most skin Damiano Abeni, MD, MPH, Istituto cancer cases could be prevented.1 Preven- Dermopatico dell’Immacolata Alexa B. Kimball, MD, MPH, Author Affiliations: University tion behaviors include limiting sun expo- Massachusetts General and Brigham of California, San Diego sure during midday hours (10 AM–3 PM and Women’s Hospitals, Boston (Drs Mahler and Kulik and [formerly 10 AM–2 PM]), wearing protec- Moyses Szklo, MD, MPH, DrPH, Mss Harrell and Correa); tive clothing, and wearing sunscreen with The Johns Hopkins University, California State University, a solar protection factor (SPF) of at least Baltimore, Md San Marcos (Dr Mahler and 1 Hywel Williams, MSc, PhD, FRCP, Ms Correa); and Iowa State 15. For the past several decades, research- ers across various disciplines have sought Queen’s Medical Centre, Nottingham, University, Ames (Drs Gibbons England. and Gerrard). to understand the mechanisms underly- Financial Disclosure: None. ing sun exposure and sun protection be- (REPRINTED) ARCH DERMATOL/ VOL 141, MAR 2005 WWW.ARCHDERMATOL.COM 373 ©2005 American Medical Association. All rights reserved. Downloaded From: https://jamanetwork.com/ on 09/25/2021 haviors. Although public education programs and me- efficacy for using sunscreen regularly. Finally, we hy- dia attention have succeeded in raising awareness of the pothesized that individuals who received the intervention health risks (skin cancer) of UV exposure,3 health- plus a sunless tanner sample would display the greatest based education interventions have been considerably less sun protection intentions and behavior. successful at motivating behavioral change.4-11 Young adults in particular, motivated by the perceived appear- METHODS ance-enhancing benefits of tanned skin, are continuing to receive large amounts of intentional and uninten- tional exposure to UV radiation.3,8,12-14 In this popula- STUDY POPULATION AND PROCEDURES tion, the possibility of developing skin cancer in the dis- The study population consisted of 54 undergraduates from the tant future may not weigh as heavily in behavioral decision University of California, San Diego (41 women and 13 men) making as the certainty of improving physical appear- and 92 undergraduates from California State University, San ance immediately. Marcos (73 women and 19 men). Participants signed up for a Interventions that address individuals’ concerns about study titled simply “Health Attitudes” in partial fulfillment of appearance may be more effective than health warnings requirements for introductory psychology courses at both in- alone for countering the strong normative influences for stitutions. tanning.8,15-22 A small but growing body of work sug- Participants were run individually or in pairs (separated by gests that an effective strategy might be to emphasize that a partition). The condition to be run during each session was UV exposure can have negative consequences for ap- determined at the beginning of the data collection period us- pearance (eg, wrinkles and age spots).19-21,23 For ex- ing a block randomization procedure. After providing written 15 informed consent, all participants completed the first ques- ample, Mahler et al made the negative appearance con- tionnaire that assessed demographic information and baseline sequences of UV exposure more salient, certain, and sunbathing and sun protection behaviors. Thereafter, individu- immediate for individuals by showing them a photo- als in the control group proceeded directly to a second ques- graph of their own faces taken with a UV filter, which tionnaire designed to assess future intentions to use sun- depicted nonuniform epidermal pigmentation caused by screen and several measures of their perceptions of photoaging chronic UV exposure. Both college students and beach and sun protection. patrons who viewed their UV photographs expressed Prior to completing the second questionnaire, participants greater sun protection intentions than did controls. Fur- in the intervention groups viewed the photoaging video and thermore, in a 1-month follow-up conducted with the had their UV photographs taken and shown to them. Imme- beach patrons, those who had viewed their UV photo- diately after the intervention and before they completed the sec- ond questionnaire, participants in the intervention plus sun- graphs reported engaging in greater sun protection be- less tanner sample group received a 6-oz (177-mL) bottle of haviors than did controls. While these initial results are either Neutrogena (Los Angeles, Calif) or SkinMedica (Encini- promising, we must be able to replicate them. Also, the tas, Calif) sunless tanning lotion containing dihydroxyac- beach patrons in Mahler et al15 were aware that a fol- etone. The experimenter explained to these participants how low-up would be conducted, and so they may have al- to use sunless tanning lotion, stated that using sunless tanner tered their behaviors in anticipation of the follow-up. is the only safe way to get a tan, and informed participants that One purpose of the present study was to determine sunless tanning lotion does not provide sun protection. whether the findings of Mahler et al15 could be repli- At the end of the session, all participants were provided with cated when participants were unaware that they would a sunscreen sample, ostensibly as a thank you gift for partici- be contacted for follow-up. In addition, we sought to de- pating in the study. The study procedures were approved by the institutional review board at each institution. termine whether the effects of the UV photographic in- tervention could be enhanced by offering individuals an alternative method of obtaining a tan: a sunless tanning UV PHOTOGRAPHIC AND PHOTOAGING lotion. The assumption was that sunless tanning lotion INFORMATION INTERVENTION is an effective low-risk alternative to UV exposure that can produce the same appearance benefits associated with The intervention consisted of a 12-minute video and a UV fa- actual UV exposure. Thus, based on the Theory of Al- cial photograph taken with an instant camera. The video de- 24,25 fined photoaging (premature wrinkles and age spots due to UV ternative Behaviors, increasing individuals’ percep- radiation) and discussed ways to reduce the effects of UV ex- tions of the risks of UV exposure while simultaneously posure (using a sunscreen with an SPF of at least 15 and avoid- presenting them with a viable alternative for obtaining a ing the sun between the hours of 10 AM and 2 PM). The video tan should be particularly effective in changing sun pro- also provided general information about sunscreen, for ex- tection behaviors. ample, explaining what the SPF means and how much sun- We expected that receiving photoaging information screen to use. and viewing a UV facial photograph would result in in- The UV facial photographs were taken with a single-lens re- creased sun protection intentions and behaviors. We also flex camera equipped with
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Photoaging & Skin Damage
    Use_for_Revised_OFC_Only_2006_PhotoagingSkinDamage 5/21/13 9:11 AM Page 2 PEORIA (309) 674-7546 MORTON (309) 263-7546 GALESBURG (309) 344-5777 PERU (815) 224-7400 NORMAL (309) 268-9980 CLINTON, IA (563) 242-3571 DAVENPORT, IA (563) 344-7546 SoderstromSkinInstitute.comsoderstromskininstitute.com FROMFrom YOUR Your DERMATOLOGISTDermatologist [email protected]@skinnews.com PHOTOAGING & SKIN DAMAGE Before You Worship The Sun Who’s At Risk? Today, many researchers and dermatologists Skin types that burn easily and tan rarely are believe that wrinkling and aging changes of the skin much more susceptible to the ravages of the sun on the are much more related to sun damage than to age! skin than are those that tan easily, rather than burn. Many of the signs of skin damage from the sun are Light complected, blue-eyed, red-haired people such as pictured on these pages. The decrease in the ozone Swedish, Irish, and English, are usually more suscep- layer, increasing the sun’s intensity, and the increasing tible to photo damage, and their skin shows the signs sun exposure among our population – through work, of photo damage earlier in life and in a more pro- sports, sunbathing and tanning parlors – have taken a nounced manner. Dark complexions give more protec- tremendous toll on our skin. Sun damage to the skin tion from light and the sun. ranks with other serious health dangers of smoking, alcohol, and increased cholesterol, and is being seen in younger and younger people. NO TAN IS A SAFE TAN! Table of Contents Sun Damage .............................................Pg. 1 Skin Cancer..........................................Pgs. 2-3 Mohs Micrographic Surgery ......................Pg.
    [Show full text]
  • Ultraviolet Irradiation Induces MAP Kinase Signal Transduction Cascades That Induce Ap-L-Regulated Matrix Metalloproteinases That Degrade Human Skin in Vivo
    Molecular Mechanisms of Photo aging and its Prevention by Retinoic Acid: Ultraviolet Irradiation Induces MAP Kinase Signal Transduction Cascades that Induce Ap-l-Regulated Matrix Metalloproteinases that Degrade Human Skin In Vivo GaryJ. Fisher and John J. Voorhees Department of Dennatology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, U.S.A. Ultraviolet radiation from the sun damages human activated complexes of the transcription factor AP-1. skin, resulting in an old and wrinkled appearance. A In the dermis and epidermis, AP-l induces expression substantial amount of circumstantial evidence indicates of matrix metalloproteinases collagenase, 92 IDa that photoaging results in part from alterations in the gelatinase, and stromelysin, which degrade collagen and composition, organization, and structure of the colla­ other proteins that comprise the dermal extracellular genous extracellular matrix in the dermis. This paper matrix. It is hypothesized that dermal breakdown is followed by repair that, like all wound repair, is reviews the authors' investigations into the molecular imperfect. Imperfect repair yields a deficit in the struc­ mechanisms by which ultraviolet irradiation damages tural integrity of the dermis, a solar scar. Dermal the dermal extracellular matrix and provides evidence degradation followed by imperfect repair is repeated with for prevention of this damage by all-trans retinoic acid each intermittent exposure to ultraviolet irradia­ in human skin in vivo. Based on experimental evidence tion, leading to accumulation of solar scarring, and a working model is proposed whereby ultraviolet ultimately visible photoaging. All-trans retinoic acid irradiation activates growth factor and cytokine receptors acts to inhibit induction of c-Jun protein by ultraviolet on keratinocytes and dermal cells, resulting in down­ irradiation, thereby preventing increased matrix metallo­ stream signal transduction through activation of MAP proteinases and ensuing dermal damage.
    [Show full text]
  • Far-Infrared Suppresses Skin Photoaging in Ultraviolet B-Exposed Fibroblasts and Hairless Mice
    RESEARCH ARTICLE Far-infrared suppresses skin photoaging in ultraviolet B-exposed fibroblasts and hairless mice Hui-Wen Chiu1,2, Cheng-Hsien Chen1,3,4, Yi-Jie Chen1, Yung-Ho Hsu1,4* 1 Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei, Taiwan, 2 Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan, 3 Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan, 4 Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, College of a1111111111 Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan a1111111111 [email protected] a1111111111 * a1111111111 a1111111111 Abstract Ultraviolet (UV) induces skin photoaging, which is characterized by thickening, wrinkling, pigmentation, and dryness. Collagen, which is one of the main building blocks of human OPEN ACCESS skin, is regulated by collagen synthesis and collagen breakdown. Autophagy was found to Citation: Chiu H-W, Chen C-H, Chen Y-J, Hsu Y-H block the epidermal hyperproliferative response to UVB and may play a crucial role in pre- (2017) Far-infrared suppresses skin photoaging in venting skin photoaging. In the present study, we investigated whether far-infrared (FIR) ultraviolet B-exposed fibroblasts and hairless mice. PLoS ONE 12(3): e0174042. https://doi.org/ therapy can inhibit skin photoaging via UVB irradiation in NIH 3T3 mouse embryonic fibro- 10.1371/journal.pone.0174042 blasts and SKH-1 hairless mice. We found that FIR treatment significantly increased procol- Editor: Ying-Jan Wang, National Cheng Kung lagen type I through the induction of the TGF-β/Smad axis. Furthermore, UVB significantly University, TAIWAN enhanced the expression of matrix metalloproteinase-1 (MMP-1) and MMP-9.
    [Show full text]
  • Daily Use of a Facial Broad Spectrum Sunscreen Over One-Year Significantly Improves Clinical Evaluation of Photoaging
    Daily Use of a Facial Broad Spectrum Sunscreen Over One-Year Significantly Improves Clinical Evaluation of Photoaging Manpreet Randhawa, PhD,* Steven Wang, MD,† James J. Leyden, MD,‡ Gabriela O. Cula, PhD,* Alessandra Pagnoni, MD,x and Michael D. Southall, PhD* BACKGROUND Sunscreens are known to protect from sun damage; however, their effects on the reversal of photodamage have been minimally investigated. OBJECTIVE The aim of the prospective study was to evaluate the efficacy of a facial sun protection factor (SPF) 30 formulation for the improvement of photodamage during a 1-year use. METHODS Thirty-two subjects applied a broad spectrum photostable sunscreen (SPF 30) for 52 weeks to the entire face. Assessments were conducted through dermatologist evaluations and subjects’ self-assessment at baseline and then at Weeks 12, 24, 36, and 52. RESULTS Clinical evaluations showed that all photoaging parameters improved significantly from baseline as early as Week 12 and the amelioration continued until Week 52. Skin texture, clarity, and mottled and discrete pigmentation were the most improved parameters by the end of the study (40% to 52% improvement from baseline), with 100% of subjects showing improvement in skin clarity and texture. CONCLUSION The daily use of a facial broad-spectrum photostable sunscreen may visibly reverse the signs of existing photodamage, in addition to preventing additional sun damage. The investigation was approved by an institutional review board. This research was supported and funded by Johnson & Johnson Consumer Companies Inc. M. Randhawa, G.O. Cula, and M. Southall are employees of Johnson & Johnson Consumer Companies, Inc., the manufacturer of the formulation tested.
    [Show full text]
  • United States Patent (19) 11 Patent Number: 4,793,668 Longstaff 45 Date of Patent: Dec
    United States Patent (19) 11 Patent Number: 4,793,668 Longstaff 45 Date of Patent: Dec. 27, 1988 54 SUNBATHING FILTER WITH INCOMPLETE the Photoprotective Efficiency of Sunscreens Against UV-B ABSORPTION DNA Damage by UVB', (1985). 76 Inventor: Eric Longstaff, 5 Cantey Pl., Atlanta, U.S. Dept. of H.E.W., NIOSH-"A Recommended Ga. 30327 Standard for Occupational Exposure to Ultra Violet Radiation', (1977). (21) Appl. No.: 930,602 Strickland, P. T., “Photocarcinogenesis by Near-Ul 22 Filed: Nov. 13, 1986 traviolet (UVA) Radiation in Sencar Mice", (1986). 51) Int. Cl* ........................... G02B 5/22; G02B 7/00 Kugman & Kugman, "Review Article-The Nature of 52 U.S. C. ..................................... 350/1.1; 350/311; Photoaging: Its Prevention and Repair", (1986). 350/318 Primary Examiner-Bruce Y. Arnold 58 Field of Search ......................... 350/1.1, 311, 318 Attorney, Agent, or Firm-Louis T. Isaf 56) References Cited U.S. PATENT DOCUMENTS 57) ABSTRACT 2,391,959 1/1946 Gallowhur................................ 2/78 Apparatus for use in sunbathing comprises a screen 3,352,058 11/1967 Brant ....................................... 47/58 formed of a sheet of thermoplastic or fiber material 4,134,875 l/1979 Tapia ............ 260/42.66 which is transparent to the safe UV-A wavelengths of 4,179,547 12/1979 Allingham et al...................... 525/2 solar radiation and the visible light range between 4,200,360 4/1980 Mutzhas ............ ... 350/36 400-450 nm but which contains uniformly distributed 4,529,269 7/1985 Mutzhas .............................. 350/312 therethrough a first agent which absorbs at least 80% of FOREIGN PATENT DOCUMENTS the UV-B radiation in the 310-320 nm range and all 930621 8/1947 France .
    [Show full text]
  • DRUG-INDUCED PHOTOSENSITIVITY (Part 1 of 4)
    DRUG-INDUCED PHOTOSENSITIVITY (Part 1 of 4) DEFINITION AND CLASSIFICATION Drug-induced photosensitivity: cutaneous adverse events due to exposure to a drug and either ultraviolet (UV) or visible radiation. Reactions can be classified as either photoallergic or phototoxic drug eruptions, though distinguishing between the two reactions can be difficult and usually does not affect management. The following criteria must be met to be considered as a photosensitive drug eruption: • Occurs only in the context of radiation • Drug or one of its metabolites must be present in the skin at the time of exposure to radiation • Drug and/or its metabolites must be able to absorb either visible or UV radiation Photoallergic drug eruption Phototoxic drug eruption Description Immune-mediated mechanism of action. Response is not dose-related. More frequent and result from direct cellular damage. May be dose- Occurs after repeated exposure to the drug dependent. Reaction can be seen with initial exposure to the drug Incidence Low High Pathophysiology Type IV hypersensitivity reaction Direct tissue injury Onset >24hrs <24hrs Clinical appearance Eczematous Exaggerated sunburn reaction with erythema, itching, and burning Localization May spread outside exposed areas Only exposed areas Pigmentary changes Unusual Frequent Histology Epidermal spongiosis, exocytosis of lymphocytes and a perivascular Necrotic keratinocytes, predominantly lymphocytic and neutrophilic inflammatory infiltrate dermal infiltrate DIAGNOSIS Most cases of drug-induced photosensitivity can be diagnosed based on physical examination, detailed clinical history, and knowledge of drug classes typically implicated in photosensitive reactions. Specialized testing is not necessary to make the diagnosis for most patients. However, in cases where there is no prior literature to support a photosensitive reaction to a given drug, or where the diagnosis itself is in question, implementing phototesting, photopatch testing, or rechallenge testing can be useful.
    [Show full text]
  • Photoaging of the Skin
    Received: May 18, 2009 Accepted: May 19, 2009 Published online: Aug 27, 2009 Review Article Photoaging of the skin Masamitsu Ichihashi 1,2), Hideya Ando 1), Masaki Yoshida 1), Yoko Niki 1,2), Mary Matsui 3) 1) Skin Aging and Photoaging Research Center, Doshisha University, Kyoto Japan and Kobe Skin Research Institute, Hyogo Japan 2) Sun Care Institute, Osaka Japan 3) The Estee Lauder Companies, Melville, NY USA KEY WORDS: ultraviolet radiation(UV), erythema, pigmentation, chronic damage, DNA damage, photoaging, reactive oxygen species Solar radiation at the surface of the earth includes ultraviolet stress, and structural damage due to reactive oxygen species radiation (UV : 290-400nm), visible light (400-760nm) and infrared (ROS) from cellular metabolism. radiation (760nm-1mm) (Fig 1). Recent advances in understanding mechanisms of aging and Extrinsic skin aging is superimposed on intrinsic skin aging photoaging have enhanced our ability to develop strategies to process and is due primarily to UVR (solar ultraviolet radiation) prevent, slow, and rejuvenate the altered structure and function of and partly by other factors, such as infrared light, smoking and air photoaged skin. pollutants. UVR has been divided into ultraviolet B (UVB: 290- In this review, we discuss the mechanisms of photoaging of the 320nm) which principally generates pyrimidine dimer type DNA skin with relevance to acute and chronic skin reactions to solar damage through direct absorption and ultraviolet A (UVA: 320- UVB, UVA and infrared radiation, and summarize briefly the 400nm), which indirectly produces base oxidation via UV- clinical approaches for prevention and the treatment of photoaging induced ROS. Recently, UVA radiation at high dose is reported with topical and systemic use of anti-aging materials.
    [Show full text]
  • Sunscreen: the Burning Facts
    United States Air and Radiation EPA 430-F-06-013 Environmental Protection (6205J) September 2006 1EPA Agency Sun The Burning Facts Although the sun is necessary for life, too much sun exposure can lead to adverse health effects, including skin cancer. More than 1 million people in the United States are diagnosed with skin cancer each year, making it the most common form of cancer in the country, but screen: it is largely preventable through a broad sun protection program. It is estimated that 90 percent of non- melanoma skin cancers and 65 percent of melanoma skin cancers are associated with exposure to ultraviolet 1 (UV) radiation from the sun. By themselves, sunscreens might not be effective in pro­ tecting you from the most dangerous forms of skin can- cer. However, sunscreen use is an important part of your sun protection program. Used properly, certain sun­ screens help protect human skin from some of the sun’s damaging UV radiation. But according to recent surveys, most people are confused about the proper use and 2 effectiveness of sunscreens. The purpose of this fact sheet is to educate you about sunscreens and other important sun protection measures so that you can pro­ tect yourself from the sun’s damaging rays. 2Recycled/Recyclable—Printed with Vegetable Oil Based Inks on 100% Postconsumer, Process Chlorine Free Recycled Paper How Does UV Radiation Affect My Skin? What Are the Risks? UVradiation, a known carcinogen, can have a number of harmful effects on the skin. The two types of UV radiation that can affect the skin—UVA and UVB—have both been linked to skin cancer and a weakening of the immune system.
    [Show full text]
  • Table I. Genodermatoses with Known Gene Defects 92 Pulkkinen
    92 Pulkkinen, Ringpfeil, and Uitto JAM ACAD DERMATOL JULY 2002 Table I. Genodermatoses with known gene defects Reference Disease Mutated gene* Affected protein/function No.† Epidermal fragility disorders DEB COL7A1 Type VII collagen 6 Junctional EB LAMA3, LAMB3, ␣3, ␤3, and ␥2 chains of laminin 5, 6 LAMC2, COL17A1 type XVII collagen EB with pyloric atresia ITGA6, ITGB4 ␣6␤4 Integrin 6 EB with muscular dystrophy PLEC1 Plectin 6 EB simplex KRT5, KRT14 Keratins 5 and 14 46 Ectodermal dysplasia with skin fragility PKP1 Plakophilin 1 47 Hailey-Hailey disease ATP2C1 ATP-dependent calcium transporter 13 Keratinization disorders Epidermolytic hyperkeratosis KRT1, KRT10 Keratins 1 and 10 46 Ichthyosis hystrix KRT1 Keratin 1 48 Epidermolytic PPK KRT9 Keratin 9 46 Nonepidermolytic PPK KRT1, KRT16 Keratins 1 and 16 46 Ichthyosis bullosa of Siemens KRT2e Keratin 2e 46 Pachyonychia congenita, types 1 and 2 KRT6a, KRT6b, KRT16, Keratins 6a, 6b, 16, and 17 46 KRT17 White sponge naevus KRT4, KRT13 Keratins 4 and 13 46 X-linked recessive ichthyosis STS Steroid sulfatase 49 Lamellar ichthyosis TGM1 Transglutaminase 1 50 Mutilating keratoderma with ichthyosis LOR Loricrin 10 Vohwinkel’s syndrome GJB2 Connexin 26 12 PPK with deafness GJB2 Connexin 26 12 Erythrokeratodermia variabilis GJB3, GJB4 Connexins 31 and 30.3 12 Darier disease ATP2A2 ATP-dependent calcium 14 transporter Striate PPK DSP, DSG1 Desmoplakin, desmoglein 1 51, 52 Conradi-Hu¨nermann-Happle syndrome EBP Delta 8-delta 7 sterol isomerase 53 (emopamil binding protein) Mal de Meleda ARS SLURP-1
    [Show full text]
  • The Puzzle of Polymorphous Light Eruption
    The puzzle of polymorphous light eruption patients and pathogenesis Ines Johanna Schornagel The puzzle of polymorphous light eruption. Patients and pathogenesis Ines Johanna Schornagel Universiteit Utrecht, Faculteit Geneeskunde Proefschrift Universiteit Utrecht – met een samenvatting in het Nederlands ISBN 978-90-393-4460-6 Ontwerp omslag en hoofdstukken: John Bijvoets Gedrukt: Optima grafische communicatie, Rotterdam The puzzle of polymorphous light eruption patients and pathogenesis De puzzel van chronisch polymorfe lichtdermatose patiënten en pathogenese (met een samenvatting in het Nederlands) Proefschrift ter verkrijging van de graad van doctor aan de Universiteit Utrecht op gezag van de rector magnificus, prof.dr. W.H. Gispen, ingevolge het besluit van het college voor promoties in het openbaar te verdedigen op donderdag 8 maart 2007 des middags te 4.15 uur door Ines Johanna Schornagel geboren op 20 maart 1970 te Haarlem Promotiecommissie Promotor Prof. dr. C.A.F.M. Bruijnzeel-Koomen Co-promotoren Dr. E.F. Knol Dr. V. Sigurdsson Het drukken van dit proefschrift werd mogelijk gemaakt door financiële steun van: Familiefonds: Sichting Elsjen Simonsdochter van Heemskerck-Fonds, Gulf Lubricants Poland, Van Vessem & le Patichou en Forma-dent BV 3M Pharma, Astellas Pharma BV, Bauerfeind Benelux BV, Beun de Ronde, Cosmétique Active Nederland – Laboratoires VICHY, Fagron, Galderma, GlaxoSmithKline, HAL Allergy Group, J.E. Jurriaanse Stichting, La Roche Posay Cosmétique Active Nederland BV, LEO Pharma BV, Louis Widmer Nederland, Novartis Pharma
    [Show full text]
  • IMPACT of UV-B RAYS on PHOTOAGING PONCOJARI WAHYONO Faculty of Teacher Training and Education University of Muhammadiyah Malang [email protected]
    NOVATEUR PUBLICATIONS INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF INNOVATIONS IN ENGINEERING RESEARCH AND TECHNOLOGY [IJIERT] ISSN: 2394-3696 Website: ijiert.org VOLUME 7, ISSUE 6, June-2020 IMPACT OF UV-B RAYS ON PHOTOAGING PONCOJARI WAHYONO Faculty of Teacher Training and Education University of Muhammadiyah Malang [email protected] ABSTRACT Photoaging is an aging process that occurs due to various factors from outside the body such as sunlight. Skin changes that occur are not comprehensive. This happens because Photo aging is a process that involves the reduction of collagen and elastin fiber due to UV radiation from the sun, which has a negative effect on characteristics such as wrinkles, pigmentation spots, decreased skin elasticity and rough texture. The aim of the study was to determine the various variants of ultraviolet B dose to damage to collagen in rat skin. 30 rats were divided into 5 groups of 6 rats each. The control group of 4-month-old mice was left to 7 months (D-0), the other groups treated were divided into 4 groups. The four treatment groups were: administration of UV B 90 mJ / cm2 (Group D1) administration of UV B light 110 mJ / cm2 (Group D2), administration of UV-B light 130 mJ / cm2 (group D3) and administration of UV-B light 150 mJ / cm2 (group D4). Treatment was given to each treatment group for 3 months. The experimental design using a completely randomized design with 5 treatments and 6 replications. Data was analyzed by analysis of variance and followed by LSD Test. Collagen type-1 and MMP-1 expression were measured by immunohistochemical techniques and compared with controls.
    [Show full text]
  • Drug-Induced Photosensitivity—From Light and Chemistryto Biological
    pharmaceuticals Review Drug-Induced Photosensitivity—From Light and Chemistry to Biological Reactions and Clinical Symptoms Justyna Kowalska, Jakub Rok , Zuzanna Rzepka and Dorota Wrze´sniok* Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Jagiello´nska4, 41-200 Sosnowiec, Poland; [email protected] (J.K.); [email protected] (J.R.); [email protected] (Z.R.) * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +48-32-364-1611 Abstract: Photosensitivity is one of the most common cutaneous adverse drug reactions. There are two types of drug-induced photosensitivity: photoallergy and phototoxicity. Currently, the number of photosensitization cases is constantly increasing due to excessive exposure to sunlight, the aesthetic value of a tan, and the increasing number of photosensitizing substances in food, dietary supplements, and pharmaceutical and cosmetic products. The risk of photosensitivity reactions relates to several hundred externally and systemically administered drugs, including nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory, cardiovascular, psychotropic, antimicrobial, antihyperlipidemic, and antineoplastic drugs. Photosensitivity reactions often lead to hospitalization, additional treatment, medical management, decrease in patient’s comfort, and the limitations of drug usage. Mechanisms of drug-induced photosensitivity are complex and are observed at a cellular, molecular, and biochemical level. Photoexcitation and photoconversion of drugs trigger multidirectional biological reactions, including oxidative stress, inflammation, and changes in melanin synthesis. These effects contribute Citation: Kowalska, J.; Rok, J.; to the appearance of the following symptoms: erythema, swelling, blisters, exudation, peeling, Rzepka, Z.; Wrze´sniok,D. burning, itching, and hyperpigmentation of the skin. This article reviews in detail the chemical and Drug-Induced biological basis of drug-induced photosensitivity.
    [Show full text]