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Assessment of Sustainability of Community Managed Potable Rural Water Supply Schemes/Points in Saharti-Samre Woreda

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Assessment of Sustainability of Community Managed Potable Rural Water Supply Schemes/Points in Saharti-Samre Woreda Mekelle University College of Business and Economics Department of Management Assessment of Sustainability of Community Managed Potable Rural Water Supply Schemes/Points in Saharti-Samre Woreda By: Tenaw Kassa In Partial Fulfillment for the Requirement of Master of Arts Degree in Development Studies (Specialization in Regional and Local Development) Advaisor: Tesfaye Aregawi, Assistant Professor June 2014, Mekelle 0 Declaration This thesis entitled “Assessment of Sustainability of Community Managed Potable Rural Water Supply Schemes/Points in Saharti-Samre Woreda” is my original work and has not been presented for a degree, diploma or fellowship to any other university and that all the sources of materials used in the thesis have been dully acknowledged. TenawKassa Nerea Signature: _________________ Date: _____________________ Certification This is to certify that this thesis entitled “Assessment of Sustainability of Community Managed Potable Rural Water Supply Schemes/Points in Saharti-Samre Woreda” Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the award of the degree of MA, in Development Studies of the college of Business and Economics, Mekelle University, through the Department of Management, done by Mr. Tenaw Kassa, ID,No, CBE/PR0020/03 is carried out by him under our guidance. 1 Principal Advisor: Tesfay Aregawi (Assistant Professor) Signature: __________________ Date: ______________________ Ex-Co-advisor: Habtamu worku (MSc) Signature: ___________________ Date: _______________________ Acknowledgement Thanks to Mr Tesfay Aregawi, my Advisor who provided invaluable knowledge, support and contributions throughout the preparation of my research work. Thanks also to Mr Habtamu Worku, my co-advisor, for providing helpful contributions. And my special thanks also goes to my Mom, Naneye, and dear bro Alex for being with me through the difficult time I have been through for the last two years and above all I thank my almighty God for my dream to come true. 2 Acronyms and Abbreviations ADF African Development Fund BOFED Bureau of Finance and Economic Development FWP Functional Water Points GTP Growth and Transformation Plan HH Household MDGs Millennium Development Goal MOFED Ministry of Finance and Economic Development MOWRD Ministry of Water Resource Development NFWP Non Functional Water Points O&M Operation and Maintenance PRWS Potable Rural Water Supply REST Relief Society of Tigray SL Sustainability likely SP Sustainability possible SU Unlikely sustainable SPSS Statistical Package for Social Science UAP Universal Access Program UN United Nations 3 UNICEF United Nations International Children Fund WHO World Health Organization WASHCOs Water, Sanitation and Hygiene committees Contents Title…………………………………………………………………………………………...Page List of Tables and Figures..............................................................................................................5 Abstract: ..........................................................................................................................................5 Chapter One Introduction .............................................................................................................1 1.1 Background of the Study: _____________________________________________________1 1.2 Statement of the Problem:_____________________________________________________2 1.3 Research Questions__________________________________________________________3 1.4 Objectives of the Study: ______________________________________________________4 1.5 Scope and Limitation of the Study: _____________________________________________4 1.6 Significance of the Study:_____________________________________________________5 Chapter Two Review of Related Literature...................................................................................5 2.1 Concepts and Definitions _____________________________________________________5 2.2 Determinants of Sustainability of Community Managed Rural water Supply Systems: Emperical Evidences_______________________________________________________________9 2.3 Conceptual Framework: _____________________________________________________17 Chapter Three Research Methodology .......................................................................................26 3.1 Site Selection and Description of the study area __________________________________26 3.2 Research Strategy and Design: ________________________________________________27 3.3 Data type and Sources: ______________________________________________________27 3.4 Target population and Sampling: ______________________________________________28 3.5 Data collection: ____________________________________________________________31 3.6 Method of data Processing and Analysis ________________________________________32 Chapter Four Results and Discussions........................................................................................33 4.1 Overview of Rural Water Supply Systems in Seharti-Samre Woreda __________________33 4.2 Characteristics of the Respondents _____________________________________________34 4.3 Analysis of factors affecting the Sustainability of Rural Water Supply Systems in the Study area 36 4 4.4 Determining the overall Sustainability of the Sample Rural Water Points ______________68 4.5 Capacity Limitation and Key Challenges Faced by Water user Communities____________72 Chapter Five Summary, Conclusion and Recommendations:....................................................73 References: 69 Annexes: _______________________________________________________________________73 Annex 1 Households Survey Questionnaire 73 Annex 2 Focus Group Checklists 79 Annex 3 Check list for service providers 83 Annex 4 Sustainability Snapshot General Checklist Table 86 List of Tables and Figures Title……………………………………………………………………………………………………Page A total of 505 rural water supply schemes were constructed until the data collection period and of this water points 386 were functional and the rest 119 are non functional. And more specifically, a total of 265 Hand dug wells, 195 Shallow Boreholes, 40 Spring Developments and 5 Deep Wells were found in 20 Rural Tabias of Sehati-Samre. Most of these water points were constructed by REST and the regional government. The following Table 4.1 simply summarizes the distribution of different types of rural water supply systems in Seharti-Samre..................................33 Table 4.1: Overview of Rural Water Supply Systems in Seharti-Samre.......................................................................34 Table 4.2: Distribution of Respondents’ Demographic Characteristics ......................................................................35 Table 4.3: Distribution in Percentage of Households that Contribute Water Fees .....................................................38 Table 4.4: Distribution of Annual Water fee Payment of Respondents (categorized in to three tariff levels) .............39 Table 4.5: Distribution of Respondent’s Opinion on the System Costs Covered from Contributed Fees....................40 Table 4.6: Perception of Tariff Level............................................................................................................................40 Table 4.7: Knowledge of Respondents on the Management of the Money Collected Money in relation to Functional Status of Water Points...................................................................................................................................................41 Table 4.8: Response on where the Contributed Money is saved in relation with Targeted Tabias .............................42 Table 4.10 Response on Community Willingness to Pay..............................................................................................44 Table 4.11: Functionality status of water points and Technology type and Machine brand .......................................46 Table 4.12: Percentage Distribution of respondents on who Repairs to the water facility..........................................48 Table 4.14: Response on frequency of failures of the water facility in relation to the type of technology...................49 Table 4.15: Responses on how many times breaks occur in a year cross in relation to the type of water facility ......49 Table 4.16: Response on Days between breakdown & repair in relation to Functionality Status of water points......50 Table 4.17: Responses on availability of simple tools and equipment to undertake simple maintenance by communities in relation to Functionality Status of water points ..................................................................................52 Table 4.18: Responses on Access to Spare parts to maintain the Water Facility in relation with Functionality Status of Water Points .............................................................................................................................................................53 Table 4.19: Response on Access to Trainings to Household members in relation to Functionality Status .................53 Table 4.20: Distribution in Percentage of Respondents on Measures taken to Conserve Surface Water around the water point ....................................................................................................................................................................56 Table 4.21: Response on the Type of Measures taken to Conserve Surface Water and Cross tabulated with functionality of water points .........................................................................................................................................57
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