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Aceh and Nias Two Years After the Tsunami

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Aceh and Nias Two Years After the Tsunami ADVANCE RELEASE VERSION Aceh and Nias Two Years After the Tsunami 2006 PROGRESS REPORT BRR anD ParTNERS DECEMBER 2006 PRESIDENT OF THE REPUBLIC OF INDONESIA Jakarta, December 2006 PRESIDENT OF THE REPUBLIC OF INDONESIA DR. H SUSILO BAMBANG YUDHOYONO 2006 PROGRESS REPORT ii United Nations Nations Unies Office of the Secretary-General’s Special Envoy for Tsunami Recovery From the United Nations Special Envoy for Tsunami Recovery, President William J. Clinton My two years as Special Envoy for Tsunami Recovery have been a truly remarkable experience. During this time, I was profoundly moved by the resilience and determination of the people of Aceh and Nias to push forward and rebuild their lives in the aftermath of the tsunami’s shocking devastation. Two years later, the complexity of this massive recovery process has become apparent to all involved, but I am pleased to report that much progress has been made. Some 50,000 permanent homes have been built, new infrastructure, such as bridges and roads, have been constructed across Aceh and Nias, nearly 700 new and repaired schools are ensuring that children receive the education they need to confront of the challenges of the future, and over 300 health facilities are providing much-needed medical services. Stakeholders are meeting my challenge to “build back better,” as exemplified by the new land titling policy that provides joint ownership between husband and wife. While we have made great strides in rebuilding lives and communities in Aceh and Nias, as this two-year report demonstrates, ensuring the long-term sustainability of recovery remains a challenge. BRR’s move to a more decentralized posture and the development of a sustainable economic development strategy will be instrumental in meeting this challenge. The provision of social services at new housing sites, the development of Aceh’s human resources, the encouragement of entrepreneurs, and the enforcement of building standards are all critical goals, and these measures will help protect the Acehnese people from vulnerability to disaster and poverty. The BRR has worked tirelessly to meet these challenges. The agency is genuinely committed to local communities, putting them in charge of their recovery, and has demonstrated an ability to evaluate results on the ground and modify strategy when necessary. The strengthened collaboration between BRR and provincial and local governments in Aceh and Nias is also key to the recovery effort’s long-term success. Financial resources from Jakarta have been equally vital to this undertaking. Most profoundly, the importance of the Indonesian Government’s commitment to the peace process can hardly be overstated. Peace for Aceh is the most powerful statement of “building back better” we can make. Aceh and Nias’ international friends, including UN agencies, NGOs, international financial institutions, private citizens, and foreign governments, also deserve our gratitude for their extraordinary generosity and commitment to the recovery effort. By working together, we have accomplished so much. I have been deeply inspired by the collaboration between the BRR and the international community, and while great challenges remain, I am confident that continued progress will be made toward our shared goal of “building back better.” One United Nations Plaza, New York, NY 10017 USA ACEH AND NIAS TWO YEARS AFTER THE TSUNAMI iii ACKnowledgements This report was produced under the guidance of Kuntoro Mangkusubroto (Director, BRR) and Eddy Purwanto (Deputy for Operations/Chief Operating Officer, BRR). The core team for producing the report included: BRR Kate Clifford, Nabila Hameed, Noviana Syrianti ADB Rehan Kausar UNORC Neil Taylor This report would not have been possible without the efforts of the BRR Operations Centre and the UNORC Information Analysis Section. Thanks are also due to the many agencies and individuals who made joint effort to produce this overview report, in preparing written material, help in coordination, or review and insight. ADB Eugenio Demigillo, Garry Shea, Harry King, Michael Phillips, Pieter Smidt, Richard Beresford, Ashley Bansgrove American Red Cross Dellaphine Rauch-Houekpon BRR Alastair Morrison, (MDF-UNDP Advisor), Auliana Oebit, Dharma Nursani, Gerda Binder (UNDP Advisor), Hanief Arie, John Brady (USAID Advisor), Kevin Evans (MDF-UNDP Advisor), Mehrak Mervar (UNIFEM Advisor), Puteri Watson, Rahmad Dawood, Rosie Ollier (USAID Advisor), Siti Nur Anisa, Tedy Jiwantara Sitepu, CARDI Danny Harvey CARE International Melanie Brooks DHV Bram van der Boon, Dick Jansen MDF Sabine Joukes Save The Children Jon Bugge UNDP Robin Willison UN HABITAT Bruno Dercon UNEP John Carstensen UNICEF Mervyn Fletcher, Sayo Aoki UNORC Satoko Nakagawa, Steve Ray, Ferry Wangsasaputra, Anissa Elok, Hadi Mahrina, Muhammad Nasir WHO Tomasz Starega World Bank Andre Bald, Enrique Blanco Armas, Ahya Ihsan, Faisal Siddik, Harry Masyrafah, Jock McKeon, Dewi Ratnasari World Vision Katrina Peach Also thanks for the assistance of HELP, IFRC, UNDP, UNICEF and UNORC in preparing the Nias section; and to Widjajanto and Diane Scott (USAID) for editorial support. Photographs taken by Arif Ariadi, Bodi Ch, photo research by Oni Imelva (BRR/Communication team). Translation by Business Advisory Indonesia (P.T. Laksana Tata Indonesia) team. Design and layout by Surya Mediana (BRR/Communication team). Any requests for additional information should be directed to BRR Communication Department. 2006 PROGRESS REPORT iv TABLE OF Contents PREFACE 7 Funding the Recovery 67 Financing in 2006 68 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 9 Sectoral Allocations and Gaps 69 Focus on Aceh 17 Disbursements and Allocations 71 Focus on Nias 21 The Challenges Ahead 72 Meeting Vital Needs 27 Managing the Protecting the Most Vulnerable 28 reconstruction 75 Housing and Settlements 29 The Regional Programme 76 Land and Spatial Planning 32 Coordination with Stakeholders 78 Information Management 78 Providing Social Services 35 Tim Terpadu External Services Team 79 Institutional Development 36 Logistics, Supply Chain and Shipping Services 80 Child Protection 37 Education 38 Promoting Quality, Integrity and Equity 83 Health 40 Quality Assurance 84 Managing Disaster RisK and Integrity and Counter-Corruption 85 The Environment 43 Public Information 86 Disaster Risk Reduction 44 Gender Equity 88 Managing Environmental impact 46 LooKing Ahead to 2007 89 Establishing Infrastructure 51 ANNEXES 95 Enabling Infrastructure 52 Abbreviations 96 Water Supply 54 Glossary 99 Sanitation 54 Financial Methodological Note 100 Irrigation 55 2 Year Progress Data 101 Power 55 Improving Livelihoods 57 Aceh’S Economy 58 Private Sector Development 59 Rural Livelihoods 62 ACEH AND NIAS TWO YEARS AFTER THE TSUNAMI v PREFACE On December 26, 2004, the most powerful earthquake The Government of Indonesia anticipated the in 40 years struck in the Indian Ocean, 150 km off the reconstruction and rehabilitation phase that was to coast of the Indonesian province of Aceh. Of the 12 follow the relief phase, initiated a master plan and nations hit by the resulting tsunami, Indonesia suffered established the Reconstruction and Rehabilitation the greatest: 130,000 people were confirmed dead and Agency of Aceh and Nias (BRR). This agency, established 37,000 missing. An additional 500,000 were displaced. The by Presidential decree, headquartered in Banda Aceh, physical damage was inconceivable; 800 km of coastline was tasked to restore livelihoods and infrastructure and was devastated, entire villages were obliterated. strengthen communities in Aceh and Nias by directing a coordinated, community-driven reconstruction and On March 28, 2005, another tragedy struck when an development programme. earthquake hit off the coast of Sumatra, near the island The joint effort so far in reconstructing Aceh and Nias has of Nias. Nearly 900 people died as a result, the majority been an enormous undertaking. The initial relief efforts of buildings and infrastructure suffered damage, leaving of 2005 were followed by extensive reconstruction some 40,000 displaced. works that continue to date, and that have had to The Aceh and Nias disasters wrought massive damage overcome significant obstacles both related to the sheer to infrastructure, schools, hospitals, the environment the extent of the damage and also to the scale and speed economy and devastated communities. Initial estimates of response. This report describes the accomplishments to rebuild Aceh and Nias came in at USD 4.9 billion, of the many partner agencies – international, national which adjusted for current levels of inflation is the and local stakeholders - that have worked so hard from equivalent of USD 6.1 billion: the human costs can never through 2005 to 2006 to rebuild Aceh and Nias. be calculated. The global community responded swiftly and generously. More than USD 7 billion of aid was pledged, with more than 500 organizations from more than 40 countries working on the recovery effort. The Government of Indonesia stepped up immediately with financial, practical and governmental support. With the hard work and outpouring of support from Indonesia and around the world, the relief phase was tremendously successful at addressing the immediate concerns. ACEH AND NIAS TWO YEARS AFTER THE TSUNAMI EXECUTIVE SUMMARY MEETING Vital NEEDS restore livelihoods and reconstruct housing. Land titling and spatial planning processes have continued at steady Activities in 2006 reflected the successful pace through 2006 but have not accelerated as much as and appropriate
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