DOCSLIB.ORG

The Impact of Edge Effect on Termite Community (Blattodea: Isoptera) in Fragments of Brazilian Atlantic Rainforest C

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
The Impact of Edge Effect on Termite Community (Blattodea: Isoptera) in Fragments of Brazilian Atlantic Rainforest C http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1519-6984.17815 Original Article The impact of edge effect on termite community (Blattodea: Isoptera) in fragments of Brazilian Atlantic Rainforest C. S. Almeidaa,b, P. F. Cristaldob, D. F. Florencioc, E. J. M. Ribeirob, N. G. Cruza,b, E. A. Silvad, D. A. Costae and A. P. A. Araújob* aPrograma de Pós-graduação em Ecologia e Conservação, Universidade Federal de Sergipe – UFS, Av. Marechal Rondon, s/n, Jardim Rosa Elze, CEP 49100-000, São Cristóvão, SE, Brazil bLaboratório de Interações Ecológicas, Departamento de Ecologia, Universidade Federal de Sergipe – UFS, Av. Marechal Rondon, s/n, Jardim Rosa Elze, CEP 49100-000, São Cristóvão, SE, Brazil cDepartamento de Agrotecnologia e Ciências Sociais, Universidade Federal Rural do Semi-Árido – UFERSA, BR 110, Km 47, Bairro Pres. Costa e Silva, CP 137, CEP 59625-900, Mossoró, RN, Brazil dPrograma de Pós-graduação em Ciências Ambientais, Universidade Federal de Rondônia – UNIR, Av. Norte Sul, 7300, Bairro Nova Morada, CEP 76940-000, Rolim de Moura, RO, Brazil eDepartamento de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade do Estado de Mato Grosso – UNEMAT, Rod. MT. 358, Km 07, Jd. Aeroporto, CEP 78300-000, Tangará da Serra, MT, Brazil *e-mail: [email protected] Received: October 29, 2015 – Accepted: April 13, 2016 – Distributed: August 31, 2017 (With 1 figure) Abstract Habitat fragmentation is considered to be one of the biggest threats to tropical ecosystem functioning. In this region, termites perform an important ecological role as decomposers and ecosystem engineers. In the present study, we tested whether termite community is negatively affected by edge effects on three fragments of Brazilian Atlantic Rainforest. Termite abundance and vegetation structure were sampled in 10 transects (15 × 2 m), while termite richness, activity, and soil litter biomass were measured in 16 quadrants (5 × 2 m) at forest edge and interior of each fragment. Habitat structure (i.e. number of tree, diameter at breast height and soil litter biomass) did not differ between forest edge and interior of fragments. Termite richness, abundance and activity were not affected by edge effect. However, differences were observed in the β diversity between forest edge and interior as well as in the fragments sampled. The β diversity partitioning indicates that species turnover is the determinant process of termite community composition under edge effect. Our results suggest that conservation strategies should be based on the selection of several distinct sites instead of few rich sites (e.g. nesting). Keywords: β diversity, habitat fragmentation, Termitoidea, species turnover. O impacto do efeito de borda na comunidade de cupins (Blattodea: Isoptera) em fragmentos de florestas da Mata Atlântica Resumo A fragmentação do habitat é considerada uma das maiores ameaças para o funcionamento do ecossistema tropical. Nesta região, os cupins desempenham um papel ecológico importante como decompositores e engenheiros do ecossistema. No presente estudo, testamos se comunidades de cupins são negativamente afetadas pelo efeito de borda em três fragmentos de Mata Atlântica. Para isso, foram amostrados a abundância de cupins e a estrutura da vegetação em 10 transectos (15 × 2 m), enquanto a riqueza, abundância de cupins e biomassa da serrapilheira foram amostrados em 16 parcelas (5 × 2 m) na borda e no interior de cada um dos três fragmentos. A estrutura do habitat (número de árvores, diâmetro à altura do peito e biomassa da serrapilheira) não diferiu entre a borda e o interior dos fragmentos. A riqueza, abundância e atividade dos cupins também não foram afetados pelo efeito de borda. No entanto, foram observadas diferenças na diversidade β entre borda e interior dos fragmentos, bem como nos fragmentos amostrados. O particionamento da diversidade β indicou que a substituição de espécies (“turnover”) é o processo determinante da composição da comunidade de cupins sob efeito de borda. Nossos resultados sugerem que as estratégias de conservação devem ser baseadas na seleção de locais distintos em vez de poucos locais (via processo de aninhamento - “nesting”). Palavras-chave: diversidade β, fragmentação de habitat, Termitoidea, substituição de espécies (turnover). Braz. J. Biol., 2017, vol. 77, no. 3, pp. 519-526 519 Almeida, C.S. et al. 1. Introduction fragmentation process on three fragments of Brazilian Atlantic Rainforest – “hotspot” of global biodiversity - Habitat fragmentation is one of the main anthropogenic regarded as one of the most threatened biome in the world threats leading to changes in biotic communities (Leidner et al., (Myers et al., 2000; Ribeiro et al., 2009). We tested the 2010). In general, habitat fragmentation is the process in hypotheses that (i) termite richness, abundance and their which continuous areas are subdivided in isolated and smaller activity in the sampled area have a positive relationship remnants (Souza et al., 2001). Area reduction from habitat with vegetation structure and resource availability, (ii) such fragmentation enhances edge effects - characterized by an measures of termite species community decrease in the increase in the incidence of light, temperature, winds and forest edge compared with interior of fragments and a reduction of humidity (Laurance, 2004). This process (iii) termite species composition (β diversity) is altered changes vegetational structure and microclimate conditions between forest edge and interior. between forest edge and interior affecting directly the communities structure of animals (e.g. Maciel et al., 2003; 2. Material and Methods Laurance, 2004) as well as indirectly through changes in the activity and behaviour of predator’s species. A range 2.1. Study site of distinct taxonomic group has been shown to be affected Fieldwork was conducted on three fragments (Table 1) by habitat fragmentation or edge effect (Klein, 1989; of Atlantic Rainforest located in the state of Sergipe, Pinheiro et al., 2010; Penido et al., 2015). Northeastern, Brazil. The landscape consists mainly The losses of species and populations have been of a semi-deciduous forest with secondary remnants suggested to promote a decline in the ecosystem processes (Santos et al., 2007). Fragments of the Brazilian Atlantic with effect on a global scale (see Dirzo et al., 2014). In a Rainforest (“Mata Atlântica”) are reported as a priority long-term, effects of habitat disturbance could promote area for biodiversity conservation (“hotspot”) (Myers et al., modifications in the ecosystem processes (Dambros et al., 2000) and an important area of endemism with only 2% 2013). Termites are known to act directly in the ecosystem of the original forest area (Silva and Tabarelli, 2000). process through changes in the physical and chemical 2.2. Sampling design structure of soil as well as in the microbial activity and organic matter decomposition (Bignell and Eggleton, 2000; Termite community and habitat structure were sampled Holt and Lepage, 2000). The activity of termites on soil from December 2013 to January 2014 (“dry season”). indirectly allows the establishment and maintenance of other In each fragment and locality (forest edge and interior) species at a local scale (Redford, 1984; Pringle et al., 2010; two distinct methodologies were used: (i) quadrants and Beaudrot et al., 2011), make them “ecosystem engineers” (ii) transect (as described below). In quadrants, sampling (see Jones et al., 1994). was performed to assess the termite richness, their activity Termite species have been shown to be responsive in the sampled area and soil litter biomass. In transects, sampling was carried out to assess the termite abundance to environmental disturbance (Souza and Brown, 1994; and vegetational structure. Davies, 2002; Luke et al., 2014). However, mechanisms Forest edge sites were delimited up to 5 m. after the in which habitat fragmentation alters the community begging of vegetation in all sampled fragments. Forest structure of these insects are still poorly studied. Termites interior sites were 100 m. for the smallest fragment (Mata are soft-body insects in which temperature and humid do Campus Rural - MCR) and 150 m. for the larger ones affect their distribution and diversity (Cancello et al., (Mata do Crasto - MC and Mata do Junco - MJ) (Table 1). 2014). Thus, alteration of vegetational structure and microclimate conditions in edge areas may decrease 2.2.1. Termite community resource availability and nesting sites promoting strong To examine the edge effect of habitat fragmentation effects on termite communities. In fact, the abundance of on termite species richness and their activity in the area, termite nests has been shown to decrease in forest edge termites were collected in 16 quadrants (5 m × 2 m) in compared with interior (Axelsson and Andersson, 2012). each one of the fragments (eight at the forest edge and In the present study, we analyzed whether termite eight at the forest interior), totalizing 48 quadrants and community is affected by the edge effects of habitat 480 m2 of sampled area. Each quadrant was at least 20 m Table 1. Overview of fragments sampled in the present study with their respective area (ha), locality and geographic coordinates. Forest code Forest name Area (ha) Locality Latitude Longitude Santa Luzia do MC Mata do Castro 900 11° 22’ 37° 25’ Ithanhy Refugio da Vida MJ 766 Capela 10° 46’ 37° 01’ Silvestre Mata do Junco Campus Rural da MCR Universidade Federal 1 São Cristovão 11° 01’ 37° 12’ de Sergipe 520 Braz. J. Biol., 2017, vol. 77, no. 3, pp. 519-526 The
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Complementary Symbiont Contributions to Plant Decomposition in a Fungus-Farming Termite
    Complementary symbiont contributions to plant decomposition in a fungus-farming termite Michael Poulsena,1,2, Haofu Hub,1, Cai Lib,c, Zhensheng Chenb, Luohao Xub, Saria Otania, Sanne Nygaarda, Tania Nobred,3, Sylvia Klaubaufe, Philipp M. Schindlerf, Frank Hauserg, Hailin Panb, Zhikai Yangb, Anton S. M. Sonnenbergh, Z. Wilhelm de Beeri, Yong Zhangb, Michael J. Wingfieldi, Cornelis J. P. Grimmelikhuijzeng, Ronald P. de Vriese, Judith Korbf,4, Duur K. Aanend, Jun Wangb,j, Jacobus J. Boomsmaa, and Guojie Zhanga,b,2 aCentre for Social Evolution, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark; bChina National Genebank, BGI-Shenzen, Shenzhen 518083, China; cCentre for GeoGenetics, Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, DK-1350 Copenhagen, Denmark; dLaboratory of Genetics, Wageningen University, 6708 PB, Wageningen, The Netherlands; eFungal Biodiversity Centre, Centraalbureau voor Schimmelcultures, Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences, NL-3584 CT, Utrecht, The Netherlands; fBehavioral Biology, Fachbereich Biology/Chemistry, University of Osnabrück, D-49076 Osnabrück, Germany; gCenter for Functional and Comparative Insect Genomics, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark; hDepartment of Plant Breeding, Wageningen University and Research Centre, NL-6708 PB, Wageningen, The Netherlands; iDepartment of Microbiology, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute, University of Pretoria, Pretoria SA-0083, South Africa; and jDepartment of Biology, University of Copenhagen, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark Edited by Ian T. Baldwin, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Jena, Germany, and approved August 15, 2014 (received for review October 24, 2013) Termites normally rely on gut symbionts to decompose organic levels-of-selection conflicts that need to be regulated (12).
    [Show full text]
  • The Biology of Nine Termite Species (Isoptera: Termitidae) from the Cerrado of Central Brazil
    THE BIOLOGY OF NINE TERMITE SPECIES (ISOPTERA: TERMITIDAE) FROM THE CERRADO OF CENTRAL BRAZIL BY HELEN R. COLES DE NEGRET AND KENT H. REDFORD INTRODUCTION The Neotropical region is second to the Ethiopian in numbers of described termite species (Araujo 1970). However, little is known of their biology. The literature on Brazilian termites is largely re- stricted to isolated taxonomic descriptions of species from the Amazon Basin and southern states of Brazil (Araujo 1961, 1969, 1977 and Fontes 1979). Exceptions to this include information re- lating termite species and their distribution to vegetation types in Mato Grosso State (Mathews 1977), the effect of deforestation on termites in the Amazon (Bandeira 1979) and data on the ecology and defense of termites in the cerrado vegetation of the Distrito Federal (Coles 1980). The present study was done in conjunction with a study on mammalian termite predators, in particular the giant anteater, Myrmecophaga tridactyla (Coles 1980 and Redford in prep.). Six aspects of termite biology of importance in defense by termites against mammalian predators were studied for nine of the most common mound-building termite species in the Distrito Federal, Brazil. Reported here are individual weights, morphology of soldier castes, worker-soldier ratios, mound sizes and forms, mound hard- nesses and nest materials, distributions and abundances of nests and feeding habits for these nine species. All species studied were from the family Termitidae (see Fig. for comparison of soldier heads), subfamily Apicotermitinae, Grigioter- mes rnetoecus (Matthews); subfamily Nasutitermitinae, Armitermes Laboratoria de Zoologia e Ecologia Animal, Universidade de Brasilia, Brasilia D. F. 80910, Brazil.
    [Show full text]
  • Let Them Eat Termites—Prey‐Baiting Provides Effective Control of Argentine Ants, Linepithema Humile, in a Biodiversity Hotsp
    Received: 20 October 2017 | Accepted: 23 January 2018 DOI: 10.1111/jen.12501 ORIGINAL CONTRIBUTION Let them eat termites—prey- baiting provides effective control of Argentine ants, Linepithema humile, in a biodiversity hotspot G. Buczkowski1 | N. P. Mothapo2 | T. C. Wossler2 1Department of Entomology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA Abstract 2Department of Botany and Invasive ants threaten biodiversity, ecosystem services and agricultural systems. This Zoology, Stellenbosch University, study evaluated a prey- baiting approach for managing Argentine ants in natural habi- Stellenbosch, South Africa tat invaded by Argentine ants. Blackmound termites (Amitermes hastatus) were topi- Correspondence cally exposed to fipronil and presented to Argentine ants (Linepithema humile). In Grzegorz Buczkowski, Department of Entomology, Purdue University, West laboratory assays, L. humile colonies were offered fipronil- treated termites within Lafayette, IN, USA. experimental arenas. The termites were readily consumed, and results demonstrate Email: [email protected] that a single termite topically treated with 590 ng fipronil is capable of killing at least Funding information 500 L. humile workers in 4 days. Field studies were conducted in natural areas in- Western Cape Nature Conservation Board, Grant/Award Number: AAA-007-00188- vaded by L. humile. Fipronil- treated termites scattered within experimental plots pro- 0056; Center for Urban and Industrial vided rapid control of L. humile and ant densities throughout the treated plots Pest Management; the Industrial Affiliates Program at Purdue University declined by 98 ± 5% within 21 days. Results demonstrate that the prey- baiting ap- proach is highly effective against L. humile and may offer an effective alternative to traditional bait treatments. Furthermore, prey- baiting offers environmental benefits by delivering substantially less toxicant to the environment relative to current control methods which rely on commercial bait formulations and may offer greater target specificity.
    [Show full text]
  • Mandibular Patterns for Termite Inquilines (Blattodea: Isoptera)
    Mandibular patterns for termite inquilines (Blattodea: Isoptera) Lara Oliveira Clemente1 Reginaldo Constantino2 Og DeSouza1 1. Federal University of Vi¸cosa,Brazil 2.University of Bras´ılia, Brazil Abstract Mandibles of termite workers present distinct patterns according to the type of material they deal with when foraging and building, being hence useful to distinguish functional groups. This is hardly suprising as, being the tools most frequently and intensely used by workers, mandibles should be constantly subjected do selective forces. If worker mandibles reflect evolutionary pressure one could hence hypothesize that mandible patterns of workers of termite hosts would differ from those of termite inquilines. After all, host and inquilines differ, if nothing, on their dif- ferential investment in building activities. Here we test this hypothesis, contrasting the Left Mandible Index (LMI) of host and inquiline termite workers within the Termitidae family, an index known to be conected to foraging and building behaviours. To do so, we run a logistic regression to inspect the effecst of LMI on the chance of finding at least one inquiline species among those composing a given genus. We found that there seems to be an upper limit for the LMI above which genera will be more like to hold at least one inquiline species among its constituents. Such a likeli- hood attains overwhelming 95% chances for LMI > 1.86. Hence, higher LMI values seem to facilitate inquilinistic behaviour in such termites. We speculate that large LMIs, implying in facilform mandibles with molar plates adapted to soft materials, would not suit building being, hence, more adjusted to inquilines than to hosts.
    [Show full text]
  • Joimal of Agricdltiml Research
    JOIMAL OF AGRICDLTIML RESEARCH Voi,. XXVI WASHINGTON, D. C, NOVEMBER 17, 1923 No. 7 BIOLOGICAL NOTES ON THE TERMITES OF THE CANAL ZONE AND ADJOINING PARTS OF THE REPUBLIC OF PANAMA1 By HARRY FREDERIC DIETZ,2 Entomological Inspector, Tropical and Subtropical Insect Investigations, and THOMAS ELLIOTT SNYDER, Entomologist, Forest Insect Investigations, Bureau of Entomology, United States Department of Agriculture INTRODUCTION The Isthmus of Panama, especially that part of it which now forms the Canal Zone, has been at various times in the past, and is now, one of the great highways of the New World's commerce. Here it is that the Americas and the Old World meet. Despite this fact, little or noth- ing is known about the majority of the insects that occur there and affect the white man's ability to continue his conquest of the Tropics. In any new region invaded by the white man, his activities sooner or later result in the overturning of the so-called "balance in nature," which is followed by a readjustment. In the Canal Zone the American régime has begun the agricultural development of the region, which in turn has led to a similar development in the adjoining parts of Panama. Thus decided changes have been wrought. Large areas have been denuded of their original tropical vegetation and have been replaced by cities or towns, by extensive pasture lands, or by agricultural projects of various kinds. Likewise, by the impounding of the waters of the Chagres River to form Gatun Lake and to make the Panama Canal possible, over one-fourth of the total area of the Canal Zone was inun- dated, killing outright all the vegetation growing on it.
    [Show full text]
  • The Plasticity and Developmental Potential of Termites
    HYPOTHESIS AND THEORY published: 18 February 2021 doi: 10.3389/fevo.2021.552624 The Plasticity and Developmental Potential of Termites Lewis Revely 1,2*, Seirian Sumner 1* and Paul Eggleton 2 1 Centre for Biodiversity and Environmental Research, Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment, University College London, London, United Kingdom, 2 Termite Research Group, Department of Life Sciences, The Natural History Museum, London, United Kingdom Phenotypic plasticity provides organisms with the potential to adapt to their environment and can drive evolutionary innovations. Developmental plasticity is environmentally induced variation in phenotypes during development that arise from a shared genomic background. Social insects are useful models for studying the mechanisms of developmental plasticity, due to the phenotypic diversity they display in the form of castes. However, the literature has been biased toward the study of developmental plasticity in the holometabolous social insects (i.e., bees, wasps, and ants); the hemimetabolous social insects (i.e., the termites) have received less attention. Here, we review the phenotypic complexity and diversity of termites as models for studying developmental plasticity. We argue that the current terminology used to define plastic phenotypes in social insects does not capture the diversity and complexity of these hemimetabolous social insects. We suggest that terminology used to describe levels of cellular potency Edited by: Heikki Helanterä, could be helpful in describing the many levels of phenotypic plasticity in termites. University of Oulu, Finland Accordingly, we propose a conceptual framework for categorizing the changes in Reviewed by: potential of individuals to express alternative phenotypes through the developmental life Graham J. Thompson, stages of termites.
    [Show full text]
  • Thermal Regulatory Mechanisms of Termites from Two Different
    Journal of Thermal Biology 85 (2019) 102418 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Journal of Thermal Biology journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/jtherbio Thermal regulatory mechanisms of termites from two different savannah ecosystems T ∗ I.P. Aiki , C.W.W. Pirk, A.A. Yusuf Social Insects Research Group (SIRG), Department of Zoology and Entomology, University of Pretoria, Hatfield, 0083, South Africa ARTICLE INFO ABSTRACT Keywords: Termites are known for their abilities to regulate the conditions within their nests through the mounds that they Adaptation build or the location of the built mound which assist in keeping the internal temperature within the requirement Sahel of the colony. These mechanisms to regulate vary between species, with some species adapting passive beha- Sudan viours such as nest site selection and nest structures that permit passive heating or cooling. Here we studied Shade seven species of mound building termites from five genera in two different savannah (Sahel and Sudan) and Open determined some of their passive thermal control strategies. Seven species of termites; Amitermes sp., Cubitermes Mound architecture Temperature regulation oculatus, Macrotermes bellicosus, M. subhyalinus, Odontotermes sp., Trinervitermes sp. A and Trinervitermes sp. B were identified from the two savannah, We found no significant difference in internal mound temperatures between the species. In both savannah types most of the termites built their nest under the shade. We discuss the adaptive implications of building mounds under the shades as seen in species of M. bellicosus, M. subhyalinus and Odontotermes sp. Or those building mounds with unique shapes as seen in C. oculatus with mushroom shaped mounds for their role in thermal regulation within the nest and how this represents a response to environmental conditions.
    [Show full text]
  • PESTS on the MANGO TREE (Mangifera Indica L.) in ORCHARDS of the DIASS PLATEAU and the NIAYES of BAYAKH (SENEGAL)
    Journal of Global Biosciences ISSN 2320-1355 Volume 9, Number 6, 2020, pp. 7573-7585 Website: www.mutagens.co.in URL: www.mutagens.co.in/jgb/vol.09/06/090611.pdf Research Paper DIVERSITY AND IMPACT OF TERMITES (ISOPTERA BRULLÉ) PESTS ON THE MANGO TREE (Mangifera indica L.) IN ORCHARDS OF THE DIASS PLATEAU AND THE NIAYES OF BAYAKH (SENEGAL) Arfang Mafoudji SONKO1,3, Hassoum SANE1,4, Dienaba SALL2 and Abdoulaye Baïla NDIAYE1 1 Cheikh Anta Diop University (UCAD), Fundamental Institute of Black Africa Cheikh A. Diop (IFAN Ch. Anta Diop), Laboratory of Zoology of Terrestrial Invertebrates, B.P. 206, Dakar, Senegal. 2 Senegalese Agricultural Research Institute (ISRA) / National Laboratory for Plant Production Research (LNRPV), BP, 3120 Dakar, Senegal. 3 Cheikh Anta Diop University (UCAD), Faculty of Science and Technology, Plant Biology Department, 5005 Dakar-Fann, Senegal. 4 Cheikh Anta Diop University (UCAD), Faculty of Science and Technology, Animal Biology Department, 5005 Dakar-Fann, Senegal. Abstract This study provides a reference situation for the diversity of termites in mango orchards, emphasizing i) the diversity of the species present, ii) the assessment of the stand and iii) the frequency of the species in each orchard. In all, 9 orchards chosen along a transect from Sindia (Diass plateau) to Bayakh (Niayes area) were studied. One hectare was measured in each orchard. Observations and collection of termites were made on all the mango trees of the chosen hectare. The 14 species of pest termites listed are divided between mushroom growers (6) and lignivores (8). The most common mushroom growers in Microtermes grassei and Odontotermes spp.
    [Show full text]
  • Florida Darkwinged Subterranean Termite, Amitermes Floridensis Scheffrahn, Su, and Mangold (Insecta: Isoptera: Termitidae: Termitinae)1
    Archival copy: for current recommendations see http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu or your local extension office. EENY-112 Florida Darkwinged Subterranean Termite, Amitermes floridensis Scheffrahn, Su, and Mangold (Insecta: Isoptera: Termitidae: Termitinae)1 Rudolf H. Scheffrahn and Nan-Yao Su2 Introduction As a member of the highly specialized termite family Termitidae, Amitermes floridensis is unique among all termites found in the eastern United States. Occurring only in Florida, it is an ancient scrubland relic of a once broad distribution of Amitermes that extended across Texas and the Gulf region. Although astute pest control operators knew of this termite decades before, Amitermes floridensis was not described until 1989 from specimens collected in St. Petersburg, Florida. It is the most recent native termite species to be recognized in the United States. Figure 1. Distribution of the Florida darkwinged Distribution subterranean termite, Amitermes floridensis Scheffrahn, Su, and Mangold. Credits: Rudolf H. Scheffrahn, University Amitermes floridensis has a spotty distribution in of Florida west central Florida in a region bordered by Tarpon Springs to the north, Punta Gorda to the south, and Description and Identification Sebring to the east. Reports by pest control operators As with other subterranean termites, A. and collection data indicate that Pinellas County has floridensis builds a system of foraging galleries that the greatest urban abundance of A. floridensis in the connect the nest chambers in the soil with feeding State with most of the activity limited to St. sites above and below the ground. Colonies of A. Petersburg. floridensis consist of three primary castes: the 1. This document is EENY-112, one of a series of the Entomology and Nematology Department, Florida Cooperative Extension Service, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida.
    [Show full text]
  • A Checklist of the Termites of Kruger National Park, South Africa
    KOEDOE - African Protected Area Conservation and Science ISSN: (Online) 2071-0771, (Print) 0075-6458 Page 1 of 5 Checklist A checklist of the termites of Kruger National Park, South Africa Authors: The protection of biodiversity is critical to ecosystem function and is a primary management 1 Brianna M. Lind goal for conservation areas globally. Maintaining a current inventory of known diversity is a Andrew B. Davies2 central component of achieving this goal and serves as an essential starting point for future Affiliations: research endeavours. Since the first published survey of termites in South Africa’s Kruger 1Plant and Environmental National Park (KNP) over 55 years ago, our understanding of termite diversity has expanded Sciences Department, New sufficiently to merit an update and formal checklist. Here we revise the inventory of termite Mexico State University, New diversity in KNP and summarise the taxonomic and functional diversity of termites in the Mexico, United States park. A thorough review of recent termite research in KNP added 6 new genera and 13 species 2Department of Global to what was found in Coaton’s original survey, with one genus, Anenteotermes, recorded for the Ecology, Carnegie Institution first time in southern Africa. Based on the updated species checklist, the majority of genera in for Science, California, the park belong to Feeding Group II (39%) and the Termitidae family (75%). United States Conservation implications: In savannas, termites play crucial roles in nutrient cycling, water Corresponding author: redistribution and plant dynamics. Systematically cataloguing termite diversity and Brianna M. Lind, assemblage composition in the park provides an essential baseline for scientific research, aids [email protected] biodiversity conservation efforts and encourages scientists and managers to consider termites Dates: in ecosystem functioning and management.
    [Show full text]
  • Seasonal Distribution and Diversity of Termite Taxa in Different Habitats in the Middle Montane Ecozone of Northwestern Ethiopia
    Seasonal Distribution and Diversity of Termite Taxa in Different Habitats in the Middle Montane Ecozone of Northwestern Ethiopia Melaku Wale ( [email protected] ) Bahir Dar University Desalegn Nega Ethio-Japan Preparatory School, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia Research article Keywords: Biodiversity, Isoptera, Termites, Abundance, Microtermes, Macrotermes, Odontotermes, Habitat, northwestern Ethiopia Posted Date: June 4th, 2019 DOI: https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.2.10018/v1 License: This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. Read Full License Page 1/19 Abstract Background: Knowledge of the diversity and occurrence of termites is important for environmental management, but this is unknown in the Bahir Dar Zuria area of northwestern Ethiopia, which represents tepid to cool sub-moist mid-highlands or also known as the middle montane ecozone. The objective of this study was to identify termite taxa and determine the diversity and distribution of termites in different habitats in the middle montane ecozone. Data were collected for eight months starting from December 2016 to July 2017. Termites were collected from different habitats using maize stalks as baits. Results: A total of over 16,000 termite individuals representing one family (Termitidae), two subfamilies, i.e., Macrotermitinae and Termitinae, and ve genera (Macrotermes, Odontotermes, Microtermes, Amitermes and Microcerotermes) were found. More Microtermes and Macrotermes termite individuals were found than on other genera. Microtermes and Macrotermes were more abundant. Shannon’s diversity index and Simpson's index of diversity values appeared to be higher in the protected vegetation. The distribution of termites in the different habitats showed that protected vegetation had more genera (ve genera), followed by grass and cultivated lands (four genera each).
    [Show full text]
  • Appraisal of the Economic Activities of Termites: a Review
    Bajopas Volume 5 Number 1 June, 2012 http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/bajopas.v5i1.16 Bayero Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences, 5(1): 84 – 89 Received: October 2011 Accepted: April 2012 ISSN 2006 – 6996 APPRAISAL OF THE ECONOMIC ACTIVITIES OF TERMITES: A REVIEW *Ibrahim, B. U. and Adebote, D. A. Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, kaduna state *Correspondence author: [email protected] ABSTRACT Termites can be found through out the world largely in the tropical and sub-tropical countries. They are social insects, feeding on cellulosic materials and live in colonies. Termites comprise the Order Isoptera with six families, 170 genera and 2600 species, of which six species are present in Nigeria. The most striking aspects of termites is their destructive tendency. They feed on wood indiscriminately, and tend to destroy timber and other wooden materials of importance to man, and this brought them into direct competition with man. However, their beneficial aspect to man is very significant. In most countries, where termites exist in abundance they are edible. Their burrowing within the soil increases the rate of percolation of water into the soil, thereby promoting water absorbent of the soil. Their feeding habit includes decomposition of dead trees, and incorporation into the soil, mineral nutrients of these trees. Man in response to the destructive activities of termites, developed various controlled methods towards them, which include the use of pesticides such as DDT ( Dichloro Diphenyl Trichloroethane), BHC ( Benzene Hexachloride ), Aldrin, Dieldrin, soil barrier termiticides, treated zone termiticides, dust and fumigant, and, non chemical control methods such as mud tube removal, debris removal, pathogenic fungi, mechanical barriers, heat, high voltage electricity or electrocution and wood replacement.
    [Show full text]