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Kurusart Phd Thesis UNIVERSIDADE DO PORTO Faculdade de Desporto Centro de Investigação em Actividade Física, Saúde e Lazer (CIAFEL) Accelerometer-Based Physical Activity Levels and Sedentary Behavior under Free-Living Conditions in Thai Adolescents Kurusart Konharn Dissertation submitted with the purpose of Dissertação apresentada às provas para obtaining a doctoral degree in Physical obtenção do grau de Doutor em Actividade Activity and Health, organized by the Física Saúde organizado pelo Centro de Research Centre in Physical Activity, Investigação em Actividade Física, Saúde e Health, and Leisure (CIAFEL), Faculty of Lazer (CIAFEL) da Faculdade de Desporto Sport, University of Porto, under the Law da Universidade do Porto nos termos do 74/2006 from March 24th. Decreto - Lei nº 74/2006 de 24 de Março. Supervisor: Professor Dr. José Carlos Ribeiro Co-supervisor: Professor Dr. Maria Paula Santos Porto, 2012 Konharn, K. (2012) Accelerometer-based physical activity levels and sedentary behavior under free-living conditions in Thai adolescents . Dissertação apresentada às provas de Doutoramento em Actividade Física e Saúde. Centro de Investigação em Actividade Física, Saúde e Lazer, Faculdade de Desporto da Universidade do Porto. KEY WORDS: ACCELEROMETER, ADOLESCENT, BODY COMPOSITION, GUIDELINES AND RECOMMENDATIONS, OBESITY, PHYSICAL ACTIVITY II “Imagination is more important than knowledge” Albert Einstein , 1879-1955 A German-born theoretical physicist who developed the theory of general relativity effecting a revolution in physics. “All truths are easy to understand once they are discovered; the point is to discover them” Galileo Galilei , 1564-1642 An Italian physicist, mathematician, astronomer and philosopher who played a major role in the Scientific Revolution. “When you can measure what you are speaking about, and express it in numbers, you know something about it; when you cannot express it in numbers, your knowledge is of a meager and unsatisfactory kind; it may be the beginning of knowledge, but you have scarcely, in your thoughts, advanced to the stage of science, whatever the matter may be” William Thomson ( Lord Kelvin ), 1824-1907 A British mathematical physicist and engineer who did important work in the mathematical analysis of electricity and formulation of the first and second laws of thermodynamics, and did much to unify the emerging discipline of physics in its modern form; the temperature unit “ Kelvin ” is named in his honor. III IV This thesis is dedicated to the Konharn family V VI Funding The thesis project was supported by a doctoral grant from Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT: SFRH/BD/60557/2009) and Khon Kaen University, Thailand. This work was developed in the Research Centre in Physical activity, Health and Leisure, Faculty of Sports, University of Porto, Portugal VII VIII Acknowledgements The data collection for this thesis was carried out in Thailand and was supported by the Research Centre in Physical Activity, Health and Leisure (CIAFEL ), Faculty of Sports, University of Porto when I was fortunate to study four wonderful years in the astonishingly beautiful and diverse land with a rich history of seafaring and discovery such as Portugal. Although I could not choose just one moment in my life that I felt was my greatest achievement because every component is important to me. However, if I had to choose one thing, it would be living and studying here because it allowed me to meet so many wonderful people that have made a positive impact on my life, and, therefore, have been involved in the completion of this thesis without doubt. I will always remember those people who helped me along the way. I would like to express my sincere gratitude and appreciation to those who have made the completion of this thesis possible. I am indebted to them for their help. First and foremost, I have been expressed my deepest appreciation and sincere thanks to my main supervisor: Professor Dr. José Carlos Ribeiro , and my co-supervisor: Professor Dr. Maria Paula Santos , for serving as my supervisors throughout my time as the PhD candidate, and for your expert contribution and excellent advice. I have difficulty putting into words my appreciation for the work you have undertaken in order to develop my skills and knowledge to become a good researcher. Both of you are very kind and helpful advisors to me and taught me the value of hard work and keep doing the right thing. I greatly appreciate all the feedback, assistance and time that you have provided me over the past four years. Thank you so much for their countless efforts and times to pushed me up from the simple people to become the real researcher. Thank you for always believing in me and encouraging me to pursue my dreams, I am very proud and great honor to studying and working with both of you. Absolutely, you are my inspiring researchers and professors. Your comments and advice will always be appreciated. I would also like to thank all professors for serving on my Ph.D. final examination committee for their direction, dedication, and invaluable advice IX along this thesis. Thanks for a truly challenging and enlightening me to do more and to think harder. I highly appreciate the insightful comments of the anonymous reviewers on our 4 manuscripts. They have made some valuable suggestions that have led to big improvements the manuscripts and the thesis. I would like to express my sincere gratitude once again for the generous and very helpful financial support of my research in Portugal granted by the Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology ( FCT ). I have been indebted to all Portuguese people. I would also like to take this opportunity to express my heartfelt thanks to Khon Kaen University ( KKU ), in particular Assoc.Prof.Dr. Kulthida Tuamsuk (the former Vice President for Academic and International Affairs), for giving me the opportunity and scholarship to study abroad at University of Porto ( UP ) – one of the 100 best universities in Europe. Studying here is an excellent opportunity to learn many things and also to practice my English and Portuguese. Additionally, I would like to sincerely thanks to KKU for offering me the position as a full-time permanent lecturer, it is a great honor and privilege for me to work there. I would like to dedicate this doctoral thesis to my parents: Ajarn Kongchai Konharn and Ajarn Rutchaneeporn Konharn , who have supported me without falter through every moment of my life plus devoting their time and money to prepare me with a solid academic background. I am extremely grateful to have them as my parents. Mommy Daddy! both of you are without doubt the most precious to me! My love for you is measureless. I hope I have made you proud of me. This thesis is also dedicated to my beloved sisters: Mrs. Rochinee Tunthong and Miss Lalita Konharn , who always stay beside me and their tremendous support and encouragement. Thank you Mr. Weerawat Tunthong , my brother-in-law for all his kindness to me. To Miss Paramaporn Sangpara , my wonderful beloved girlfriend who makes my life worth living, you are the best statistics teacher I have ever known – “Poope! Words can’t express what you mean to me ”. X I would like to thank the Faculty of Sports ( FADEUP ), in particular the Research centre in Physical activity, Health and Leisure ( CIAFEL ) for its acceptation and support over the past four years. Moreover, thanks for providing me and my PhD friends the invaluable opportunity to attend lectures, seminars, conferences and meet so many famous academic and professional researchers/professors in related fields. I am very grateful to have been part of the CIAFEL study research team. Thank you for all CIAFEL professors , and I would especially like to convey my profound gratitude to Prof.Dr. Jorge Mota , Prof.Dr. José Oliveira , Prof.Dr. José A. Duarte , Prof.Dr. Joana Carvalho , Prof.Dr. Jorge Olímpio Bento and all invited professors/lecturers who gave me many worth lectures and knowledge over the course: your exceptional support and caring throughout the 4 years of my doctoral-studies odyssey has been essential to my completing this formative journey. I promise I will be use and extending the entire thing you have given me to be worth as much as I can. Special thanks to P´ Rojapon Buranarugsa , my Thai friend to Portugal who will always be my best friend and brother. It could be difficult for me staying here without you. I am looking forward to working with you at KKU. I hopefully all the hard work we did here will be worth it all for our nation in the long run. Thanks to all my PhD friends who have provided me years of friendship and always help me during studying in Porto, Portugal, especially Dr. Daniel Gonçalves , Dr. Gustavo Silva , Dr. Luísa Soares-Miranda , Dr. Flávia Canuto , Nórton Oliveira , Lucimére Bohn , Dr. Elisa Marques , Dr. Helder Fonseca , Hugo Valente , Dr. Luísa Aires , Dr. Fernando Ribeiro, Dr. Susana Vale, António, Dr. Alberto Alves, Andreia Pizarro, Susana Carrapatoso, Carina Novais, and Piyaporn Tumnark . I have been so fortunate to meet many charming and inspiring friends like all of you. I would like to extend my whole- hearted appreciation for all that you have done for me. Importantly, I hope we can continue to work together in the future. To Daniel Gonçalves , my best Portuguese friend, thank you for always ready to help me for everything all the time, I also miss your taking care of me by bringing me to hospital in the early morning and was standing over me until I XI downed. You have become a kind of mentor to me; you have a good insight in both professional and personal lives. There are so many things you have done for me, there is nothing to forget.
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