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Malasia Malasia OFICINA DE INFORMACIÓN DIPLOMÁTICA FICHA PAÍS Malasia Malasia La Oficina de Información Diplomática del Ministerio de Asuntos Exteriores y de Cooperación pone a disposición de los profesionales de los medios de comunicación y del público en general la presente ficha país. La información contenida en esta ficha país es pública y se ha extraído de diversos medios no oficiales. La presente ficha país no defiende posición política alguna ni de este Ministerio ni del Gobierno de España respecto del país sobre el que versa. MARZO 2017 tas, así como minorías animistas, taoístas o shikhs. Malasia Moneda: Ringgit = 100 sen. Forma de Estado: Monarquía constitucional. División administrativa: El país se divide en 13 Estados y los tres Territorios Federales de Kuala Lumpur, Putrajaya y Labuan. TAILANDIA Golfo de Tailandia 1.2. Geografía Tanto la Malasia peninsular como el territorio situado en Borneo tienen una for- Ipoh BRUNEI mación geográfica similar, consistente en zonas montañosas en el interior, que descienden hacia plataformas costeras. La cordillera Titiwangsa recorre Mala- Kuala Lumpur sia peninsular de norte a sur. Las montañas de Malasia insular son más eleva- das, destacando el Monte Kinabalu que, con 4.100m., es la montaña más alta Kuching del Sudeste asiático. Esta configuración hace que en el país abunden los ríos, caudalosos, aunque no muy largos. La vegetación es típicamente tropical y gran parte del país, especialmente la Malasia insular está cubierta de selva. En la par- INDONESIA te peninsular, la selva se intercala con extensas zonas de cultivo (especialmente plantaciones de caucho natural y palmeras). © Ocina de Información Diplomática. 1.3. Indicadores sociales Aviso: Las fronteras trazadas no son necesariamente las reconocidas ocialmente. Densidad de población (2015) (hab/km²): 94 Renta per cápita: US$ 9.766 $ (2015) 1. DATOS BÁSICOS Coeficiente GINI (2014): 0,401 Esperanza de vida (2015): 72,4 (hombres), 77,1 (mujeres), 74,75 (media) 1.1. Características generales Crecimiento población % (2015): 1,5 IDH (Valor numérico / nº orden mundial) (2014): 0,779 / 62 Nombre oficial: Malasia. Tasa de natalidad (2016): 19.4 Superficie: 330.252 km². Tasa de fertilidad (2016): 253 Límites: Malasia se encuentra situada en el Sudeste asiático, justo encima del Tasa de mortalidad (2016): 5.1 Ecuador, entre Indonesia, Tailandia, Filipinas y Singapur. Consta de dos territo- Fuente: Dpto. de Estadística de Malasia (Mysidc) (los datos que se muestran son los más rios divididos por el Mar del Sur de China: Malasia peninsular (que supone un recientes facilitados por el Mysidc) 40% del territorio y concentra el 80% de la población) y Malasia insular, formada por los estados de Sabah y Sarawak, que ocupan el norte de la isla de Borneo 1.4. Estructura del PIB (isla que Malasia comparte con Brunei e Indonesia). Población: 31.186.100 habitantes aprox. DISTRIBUCIÓN POR SECTORES %PIB 2014 2015 2016 Capital: Kuala Lumpur (1.888.000 habitantes) es la capital oficial y legislativa Agricultura y pesca 6,90% 8,45% 8,65% mientras que Putrajaya (86.000 habitantes) es la capital administrativa y judicial. Minería y explotación de canteras 7,90% 8,96% 8,51% Otras ciudades importantes: Johor Bahru (1.500.000 hab.), Kajang (795.000 Manufacturas 24,60% 22,79% 22,30% hab.), Ipoh (765.000 hab.), Klang (745.000 hab.), Subang Jaya (710.000 hab.), Construcción 3,90% 4,68% 4,86% Kuching (615.000 hab.), Petaling Jaya (615.000 hab.), Serembam (555.000 hab.), Electricidad, gas y agua 2,43% 2,70% 2,68% Georgetown (520.000 hab.) y Malacca (500.000 hab.). Comercio 14,77% 18,73% 19,08% Idioma: Malayo (oficial), inglés, chino (mandarín) y diversos dialectos, iban, ta- Hoteles, bares y restaurantes 2,49% 18,73% 19,08% mil y otros hablados por minorías étnicas. Transporte y almacenamiento 3,59% 8,81% 8,99% Religión: El Islam es la religión oficial según la Constitución, aunque se reconoce Comunicaciones 4,20% 8,81% 8,99% la libertad religiosa y se permite la práctica de otras religiones. Más de la mitad Finanzas y seguros 8,79% 10,87% 10,82% de la población es musulmana, pero también hay budistas, cristianos, hinduis- Vivienda 5,75% 10,87% 10,82% 2 FICHA PAÍS MALASIA 2014 2015 2016 2014 2015 2016 (ENE-JUN) Servicios gubernamentales 8,30% 8,41% 8,42% VALOR % S/TTL VALOR % S/TTL VALOR % S/TTL Otros servicios 4,98% 4,33% 4,35% 32. España 544 0,2 594 0,3 278 0,3 Derechos de importación 1,40% 1,27% 1,34% EXPORTACIONES TOTALES 234.075 84,3 199.475 83.5 90.729 82,8 TOTAL 100% 100% 100% Notas: Tipo de cambio: 2012, 1USD=3,09MYR; 2013, 1USD=3,151MYR; 2014, 1USD=3,273MYR; Fuente: Banco Nacional de Malasia (Bank Negara Malaysia). Actualización 23/02/2017 2015, 1USD=3,91MYR; 2016, 1USD=4,1MYR * En la nueva terminología de la distribución sectorial del BNM, las dos categorías se unifican Fuente: Dpto. de Estadísticas, Malasia. Última actualización: 07/12/2016 bajo una misma. PRINCIPALES PROVEEDORES % DEL TOTAL 1.5. Coyuntura económica 2014 2015 2016 (ENE-JUN) (DATOS EN MUSD) VALOR % S/TTL VALOR % S/TTL VALOR % S/TTL 2014 2015 2016 1. China 35.290 16,9 33.084 18,9 16.224 20,1 PIB miles millones MYR 1.012.506 1.062.804 1.107.855 2. Singapur 26.179 12,5 20.997 12,0 8.605 10,7 PIB crecimiento real 6,00% 5,00% 4.2% 3. Estados Unidos 15.989 7,7 14.151 8,1 6.908 8,6 Tasa de inflación 3,20% 2,70% 2,10% 4. Japón 16.716 8 13.705 7,8 6.693 8,3 Tasa de paro 2,80% 3,20% 3,50% 5. Tailandia 12.114 5,8 10.677 6,1 5.069 6,3 Balanza c/c miles millones MYR 113,33 109,55 101,19 6. Taiwán 10.499 5 9.336 5,3 4.598 5,7 Reservas miles millones MYR 405,40 409,10 424,20 7. Corea del Sur 9.685 4,6 7.942 4,5 3.786 4,7 Déficit público (%PIB) -3,50% -3,20% SD 8. Indonesia 8.470 4,1 7.921 4,5 3.457 4,3 Tipo cambio MYR/ USD (promedio) 3,27 3,82 4,16 9. Alemania 7.076 3,4 4.821 3,4 2.824 3,5 Tipo cambio MYR/ EUR (promedio) 4,35 4,26 4,5 10. Vietnam 4.662 2.2 4.465 2,8 2.068 2,6 Fuente: Banco Nacional de Malasia (Bank Negara Malaysia). Actualización 17/02/2017 11. Australia 6.180 3,0 4.064 2,5 1.793 2,2 12. India 4.076 2 3.876 2,2 1.766 2,2 INDICADORES MACROECONÓMICOS 2014 2015 2016 Q1 13. Hong Kong 3.290 1,6 2.949 1,7 1.419 1,8 PIB Milles mil $USA 326.920 343.266 143.785 14. Francia 3.808 1,8 2.198 1,3 1.208 1,5 PIB crecimiento real 6% 5% 4.1% 15. Emiratos Árabes Unidos 4.750 2,3 3.108 1,8 1.171 1,4 Tasa de inflación 3,2% 2,7% 1.9% 33. España 718 0,3 488 0,3 227 0,3 Tasa de paro 2,8% 3.2% 3.4% IMPORTACIONES TOTALES 208.682 84,3 175.292 82,9 80.758 84,0 Balanza c/c miles mil $USA 25.393 24.183 9.971 Fuente: Dpto. de Estadísticas, Malasia. Última actualización: 07/10/2016 Reservas miles mill. $USA 116.000 104.629 97.200 Notas: Tipo de cambio: 2013, 1USD=3,151MYR; 2014, 1USD=3,273MYR; 2015, 1USD=3,91MYR; Déficit público (%PIB) -3,5% -3,2% -5.6 2016, 1USD=4,1MYR Tipo cambio por $ USA 3,495 4.29 4.0 Fuente: Banco Nacional de Malasia (Bank Negara Malaysia). Actualización 17/12/2016 1.8. Distribución del comercio por productos 1.6. Comercio Exterior PRINCIPALES EXPORTACIONES en Millones EUR (MILLONES RM) 2014 2015 2016 Q1 PRINCIPALES PARTIDAS DE EXPORTACIÓN VALOR VALOR VALOR %S/TOTAL Exportaciones 678.865 685.398 686.000 2013 2014 2015 2015 Importaciones 565.538 575.849 584.812 85. Aparatos y material eléctricos 57.276 58.038 59.643 29,79% Saldo comercial 113.327 109.550 101.188 27. Combustibles, aceites minerales 47.894 45.681 32.976 16,47% Cobertura 120% 119% 117% 84. Máquinas y aparatos mecánicos 22.742 20.459 22.546 11,26% Fuente: Banco Nacional de Malasia (Bank Negara Malaysia). Actualización 17/02/2017 15. Grasas, aceite animal o vegetal 14.990 13.961 12.590 6,29% 39. Plásticos y sus manufacturas 6.447 6.672 7.091 3,54% 1.7. Distribución del comercio por países 90. Aparatos ópticos, medida, médicos 6.295 6.558 6.936 3,46% 40. Caucho y sus manufacturas 7.823 6.130 6.237 3,12% PRINCIPALES CLIENTES % DEL TOTAL 44. Madera y sus manufacturas 4.123 3.840 3.764 1,88% 2014 2015 2016 (ENE-JUN) 29. Productos químicos orgánicos 4.169 3.825 3.576 1,79% (DATOS EN MUSD) VALOR % S/TTL VALOR % S/TTL VALOR % S/TTL 38. Otros productos químicos 3.666 3.458 3.437 1,72% 1. Singapur 33.254 14,2 27.741 13,9 13.080 14,4 73. Manufacturas de fundición, hierro/acero 2.885 3.047 3.259 1,63% 2. China 28.215 12,1 25.967 13,0 10.300 11,4 94. Muebles, sillas, lámparas 2.687 2.534 2.670 1,33% 3.
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