EExxeeccuuttiivvee SSuummmmaarryy

1.0 Introduction M/s. Hindustan Petroleum Corporation Limited (HPCL) is setting-up a grass root Refinery cum Petrochemical complex Project (RRP) of 9 MMTPA at Pachpadra Tehsil, District Barmer, Rajasthan. RRP is planned as a Joint Venture between HPCL and Govt. of Rajasthan (GoR). The cost of the project is about Rs. 37230 Crores.

As per the Environment Impact Assessment (EIA) Notification dated 14th September 2006, the proposed project falls under ‘Category A’, listed at S.No. 4(a), requires preparation of EIA & RA Report to obtain Environmental Clearance (EC) from the Central Expert Appraisal Committee (EAC), MoEF, New Delhi. Environmental Appraisal Committee has given Terms of Reference (TOR) for refinery cum petrochemical complex for preparation of EIA and RA report.

The proposed refinery cum petrochemical complex covers an area of 4813 acres which falls under the villages Sajjiyali, Roopji Kanthavad and Sambhara, in Pachpadra Tehsil, District: Barmer, Rajasthan. Out of the total area, 413 acres is reserved for township and raw water reservoir. It is about 100 km equidistant from Barmer and . The nearest airport is Jodhpur (100 km) while the nearest railway station is (13 km). There are no wild life corridors, archaeological monuments, places of tourist interests and Defence installations within the study area. No Reserved forest, National park, Wildlife Sanctuary and Tiger Reserves etc. exists within 10-km radius study area.

2.0 Project Brief The land requirement for the proposed RRP project is estimated to be around 4813 acres. The design life of the proposed RRP project will be 30 years. A crude pipeline of about 70 km length from Mangla Processing Terminal (MPT) and natural gas pipeline of about 60 km will be laid down from Raageshwari Gas Terminal (RGT) to the RRP site. Following is the configuration of the process unit capacities, material balance and products of proposed refinery cum petrochemical complex.

Executive Summary

Process units of RRP

Process Unit Unit Capacity CDU MMTPA 9.0 NHT MMTPA 1.2 DHDT MMTPA 3.3 RFCC MMTPA 2 x 2.55 PPU MMTPA 3 x 0.39 LDPE MMTPA 2 x 0.38 ARDS MMTPA 2 X 2.8 Duel Feed Cracker MMTPA 0.63 Ethylene Recovery Unit MMTPA 0.136 Benzene Recovery Unit MMTPA 0.08 Butadiene Extraction Unit MMTPA 0.198 Py Gas HDT MMTPA 0.43 BTX MMTPA 0.43 RFCC Gasoline Depantanizer MMTPA 1.7 Gasoline HDT MMTPA 1.2 RFCC C5s Merox MMTPA 0.48 Sat. LPG Merox Unit KTPA 80 LPG Depropanizer KTPA 80 FG Treating Unit TPD 1480 Hydrogen Generation Unit KTPA 61 PSA KTPA 28 SWS -I (Hydro Processing) m3/h 100 SWS -II (Non Hydro-processing) m3/h 250 Amine Regeneration Unit m3/h 770 Sulphur Recovery Unit TPD 2 x 160

Feed and Products of the RRP

Items Unit Quantity Feed Rajasthan Crude MT/Day 13565.0 Arab Heavy MT/Day 6844.0 Arab Light MT/Day 6615.0 Natural Gas MT/Day 578.0 Products Polypropylene MT/Day 3505.0

E-2

Executive Summary

Butadiene MT/Day 593.0 LDPE MT/Day 2225.0 Benzene MT/Day 235.0 Toluene MT/Day 310.0 Mix Xylene MT/Day 117.0 92 RON Gasoline, EURO-IV KL/Day 6669.4 ULS Diesel , EURO-V KL/Day 10907.2 Fuel Oil KL/Day 869.6 Sulphur MT/Day 321.0 Fuels & Losses MT/Day 5394.0

The total water requirements of the plant will be 127 MLD (28 MIGD), which shall be met from the IGNP (Indira Gandhi Nahar Project) by laying about 200 km of pipeline. For construction phase of the project, approx. 5 MLD water requirement is envisaged in first year which shall be met from Nagana reservoir for a period of one year. Alternative water source for the construction water is also envisaged, i.e. CETP treated wastewater from Bithuja or Balotra for approx. 23 MLD (5 MIGD) construction water requirement. CETP treated waste water shall be further treated in UF+RO facility in refinery complex for making it suitable for construction purpose.

In order to ascertain continuous supply of raw water to the RRP Complex, a backup water source (second source of water) from underground reservoir (Saline Aquifers from Thumbli, located at about 100 km from Pachpadra) equipped with desalination plant of equivalent capacity has been proposed.

A captive power plant of 210 MW is proposed to meet the requirement of refinery cum petrochemical complex.

3.0 Description of Environment Baseline environmental studies have been carried for three months (Oct-Nov- Dec 2013). Studies have been carried out within in 10-km radius from proposed project for soil quality, ambient air quality, water quality, noise level monitoring studies, flora and fauna studies and demography. The scope of the present study is in line with the Terms of References (ToR) issued by EAC, MoEF, New Delhi vide letter no. F. No. J-11011/ 87/2013-IA II (I) dated September 27, 2013.

Air Quality Status The region represents mainly rural environment and few sampling locations fall in moderate commercial and vehicular activities. The ambient air quality within 10-km

E-3

Executive Summary radius around the proposed site was assessed at 11 locations. The villages are located quite far from the proposed project site. The average PM10 concentrations at all the locations varied in the range of 59-87 µg/m3, which represents background concentrations of rural environment and could be attributed to windblown soil dust and unpaved roads in the region. The PM10 concentrations for other locations were observed to be below 3 stipulated CPCB standards (24 hourly PM10 = 100 µg/m ).

3 The average PM2.5 concentrations ranged between 25-49 µg/m , which were

3 observed to be well below the stipulated CPCB standards (24 hourly PM2.5 = 60 µg/m ).

3 The average concentrations of SO2 and NOx ranged between 6-17 µg/m and 12-24 µg/m3 respectively. The levels of gaseous pollutants were below the 24 hourly

3 CPCB standards of 80 µg/m each for the SO2 and NOx. The average concentration of ammonia ranged between 19-25 µg/m3. All these values are well within the stipulated

3 CPCB standards (400 µg/m ). The observed average concentration of O3 at all the locations ranged between 9-17 µg/m3, which were much below the stipulated CPCB standards (8 hourly =100 µg/m3). The Ni concentration at all the locations was found to be in the range of 1.7-5.2 ng/m3, whereas the permissible limit of CPCB for Ni is 20 ng/m3. The Pb, As and BaP were Below Detection Level (BDL). The carbon monoxide concentration at all the locations varied between 0.18-0.77 mg/m3, whereas total hydrocarbons concentrations were in the range of 270-278 µg/m3.

The area generally has low levels of pollutants in ambient air, which is well within the stipulated National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS).

Noise Levels The noise level (LAeq) in residential areas varied between 43-54 dBA during daytime and between 32-42 dBA during night time. The noise levels during day and night time were below the stipulated noise levels in residential areas (Standards : Day time= 55 and night time 45 dBA). The noise level in commercial areas ranged between 57- 64 dBA during daytime and 40-54 dBA during night time. The noise levels were mostly around the stipulated noise levels as per the CPCB standards of commercial areas (day time= 65 and night time 55 dBA). The equivalent noise level recorded at different silence locations (schools) within the study area. Noise levels were found to be 41-48 dBA during daytime and 32 - 39 dBA during night time respectively. The noise levels were within the CPCB standards (day time= 50 and night time 40 dBA) for silence zone.

E-4

Executive Summary

Water Quality Status Eight surface water and three ground water samples were examined for physico-chemical, heavy metals and bacteriological parameters in order to assess background status of surface and ground water sources. The samples were analyzed as per the procedures specified in 'Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater' published by American Public Health Association (APHA).

Surface Water: The range of various water quality parameters varied as; pH: 7.5-8.5, turbidity: 1-10 NTU, total dissolved solids (inorganic): 195-254 mg/l, total hardness: 52-97 mg/l, chlorides: 18-103 mg/l, and sulfate: 4-10 mg/l. Fluoride was found to be 0.09-0.88 mg/l. Nutrients content in the form of nitrate and total phosphates were in the range of 0.2-8.6 mg/l and 0.16-1.31 mg/l respectively. Dissolved oxygen was in the range of 6.8-7.9 mg/l, whereas oil & grease were observed as 1-7 mg/l. The heavy metals like cadmium, chromium, zinc and arsenic were not detected; whereas Nickel, copper, lead iron manganese, cobalt and aluminum were found to be in the range of ND-0.001, ND-0.006, 0.004-0.616, 0.003-0.008, ND-0.001 and 0.09-2.20 mg/l respectively.

It can be observed that the concentrations of all the parameters, in comparison with IS: 2296, come under Class ‘C’, category of drinking water source without conventional treatment but with disinfection.

Ground Water: The groundwater quality showed high mineral contents in the form of total dissolved solids, total hardness, chlorides, sulfates, chemical oxygen demand, biochemical oxygen demand, sodium and potassium with their respective concentrations in the range as 2960 - 4055 mg/l, 688 - 1986 mg/l, 855 - 1949 mg/l, 400 - 562 mg/l, 16 - 80 mg/l, 2.6 mg/l, 586 – 680 mg/l, and 11.4 - 73.6 mg/l respectively. Fluorides were in the range of 0.17 - 2.49 mg/l, which is above the permissible limit, observed at villages Kiyar and Meghwalo ki Dhani. It may be attributed to the geological formation in the region making the water unfit for drinking. Heavy metals were observed within the permissible except for iron: 0.11 - 23.9 mg/l and Zinc: ND-9.8 mg/l. Higher values were observed in the village Meghwalo ki Dhani; which makes water unfit for drinking without proper treatment.

Land Environment Based on the remote sensing data of November 2013, the land use /land cover of the study area (10 km radius, i.e. 314 km2) shows dominance of fallow land (50.67%) followed by 13.07% waste land (sandy area/sand dunes, salt affected land) and 8.99% barren land. The area has about 11.90% crop land and 9.62% land with or without

E-5

Executive Summary shrubs. Built-up land and water bodies are 1.20% and 1.53% respectively. Land covered by salt mines/salt pits is about 1.39%.

Soil samples were collected from eight villages/locations and were analyzed as per approved methods of CPCB and MoEF. It is observed that the texture of soils in the region varies from sand to loamy sand. The pH of soil was observed to be in the range of 8.5-9.6, and the soil is moderate to strongly alkaline in nature. Electrical conductivity, a measure of soluble salts in soil is in the range from 0.13-0.85 dS/m. In general, the soil in the region has very low adsorption capacity as evident from the cation exchange capacity, found in the range of 6.2 to 9.8 cmol(p+) kg-1. Exchangeable sodium percentage ranged from 4.8 to 7.2 indicating that the soils are normal with respect to sodicity. The presence of sodium in exchange form may have deleterious effect on the physical and chemical properties of soil.

Organic carbon and available nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium are found to be in the range of 0.05 to 0.48 %, 85 to 142 kg/ha, 8.4 to 16.5 kg/ha and 10.2 to 25.8 kg/ha respectively. This shows that the soils are poor with respect to organic carbon content, nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium content.

Biological Environment There are no national parks or sanctuaries or reserve and protected forest in study area of Pachpadra, Barmer, Rajasthan. The district falls in the Hot Desert Region. The rainfall is very less but there are few flora present. Most of the flowering plants are shrubs and wild grasses. The grasses do not survive for more than a few months after the monsoon. The study area was found to be mostly sandy, uninhabited barren land with or without shrubs. The plants Khejri (Prosopis cineraria) in the desert have adopted various strategies to endure the intense heat, bitter cold and long dry spells.

The phyto-ecological structure of vegetation shows three different strata i.e. Top, Middle and Ground. In order to reduce transpiration, the leaves of most of the plants are of reduced size, e.g. dominant tree and shrub species of the area are Khejri (Prosopis cineraria), Bavar (Prosopis juliflora), Ber (Ziziphus mauritiana), Salvadora persica, Acacia species etc. Other associated tree and shrub species in the study area are Tecomella undulate, Acacia nilotica, Acacia tortilis, Cassia fistula, Prosopis juliflora, Acacia senegal Salvadora oleoides, Ziziphus mauritiana, etc.

Tree species come along with shrub species such as Acacia jacquemontii, Capparis decidua, Leptadenia pyrotechnica, Zizyphus nummularia, Calligonum

E-6

Executive Summary polygonidea, Calotropis gigantea and Calotropis procera. Prominent herb and grass species recorded from the study area are Aerva javanica, Echinops echinatus, Adhatoda zeylanica, Withania coagulans, Suaeda fruticosa, Fagonia indica, Cenchrus setigerus, Heteropogon contortus, Tridax procumbens, Convolvulus prostrates, Citrullus colycynthis, C. lanatus, Tephrosia purpurea, Crotalaria burhia, Suaeda fruticosa etc. Frequency of occurrence for family Amaranthaceae and Gramineae was observed more in the study area as most of the plants of this family observed in the study area can resist to water scarcity. Secondary data on various aspects of biological environment was collected from various sources to fortify the primary data.

The birds of prey commonly seen in the study area are Tawny eagle, Steppe Eagle (Aquila nipalensis, Oriental Honey Buzzard (Pernis ptilorhynchus), Long Legged Buzzard (Buteo rufinus), White Eyed Buzzard (Butastur teesa), Shikra (Accipiter badius), Black-shouldered Kite (Elanus axillaris), Goshawk and Kestrel (Falco tinnunculus). There are vultures also which scavenge dead cattle and fauna. Common among them are the Egyptian vulture (Neophron percnopterus) and Cinereous Vulture (Aegypius monachus).

Socio-economic Environment The information available with respect to demographic structure, infrastructure base, economic structure, health status, cultural attributes, public awareness and their concerns regarding the proposed project was assessed through secondary data and also through primary survey in the region. Further, based on the data/information, socio economic status in relation to ‘Quality of Life’ of the people of the region was determined.

As per 2011 census, the total numbers of households in study area are 14763, with a total population of 84,459. Out of this, 43965 are male and 40504 are female. Out of the total population, numbers of Scheduled Castes is 12303 (14.56%) and numbers of Scheduled Tribes population is 5293 (6.26%) respectively. The sex ratio (number of female per thousand male) within the study area is 921/1000. The number of educated people in the survey villages is 52124 with a literacy rate of 61.75%. The total main worker population is 22421 (26.54%), while 4170 (4.93%) come under marginal worker category and 57868 (68.517%) belong to non-worker category.

The basic amenities like sanitation, health & medical, education etc. need in the villages are poor and need to be strengthened. Of the total population, nearly 88% of the population lives in Pachpadra Tehsil, where the facilities are reasonably good.

E-7

Executive Summary

4.0 Anticipated Environmental Impacts and Mitigation Measures Air Environment The impacts on air quality from any project depend on various factors like design capacity, configuration, process technology, raw material/fuel used, envisaged emission control measures, operation and maintenance practices. Apart from the above, other activities, viz. transportation of raw materials and products, storage facilities and material handling within the plant may also contribute to air pollution.

The major air pollutants from a refinery cum petrochemical complex are SO2,

NOx, PM10, HC and VOCs. Out of which, SO2 and NOx are emitted continuously from high stacks associated with fuel combustion in process units. The fugitive emissions are primarily due to intermittent leakage or evaporation of volatile organic compounds from plant and storage area.

During construction phase, the air pollution due to construction activities along with transportation of materials during the construction phase would be there, though it will be short term, temporary and reversible in nature. The impacts would be minimized by adopting certain effective mitigation measures such as water sprinkling for dust suppression, using clean fuel for transportation activities, etc.

The impacts on air environment from stacks depend on the type of fuel used and may extend to far distances depending on meteorological conditions. In the proposed project, SO2 and NOx will be the two major air pollutants. Nearly 30 Tons per day (30

TPD) of SO2 emissions are expected to be released through stacks of 60 m height (each) in the complex.

The meteorological data collected during post-monsoon season indicated the predominant winds from NW, N and NE directions. The wind speeds are observed in the range of 0.5 – 5.7 m/s and the calm conditions are found to be about 29% of the time.

The predicted 24 hrly incremental concentrations of SO2 and NOx will be 39.5 g/m3 and 24.1 g/m3 occurring at a distance of 2.8 km in SE direction respectively due to proposed RRP units.

Given the baseline data and the maximum incremental GLCs, it is evident that

3 the ambient air quality with respect to SO2 and NOx shall be in the range of 46-57 g/m and 36-48 g/m3 respectively for the given meteorological and emission conditions.

E-8

Executive Summary

These are well below the national ambient air quality standards stipulated by CPCB with

3 respect to SO2 and NOx. (CPCB standard: 80 g/m SO2 and NOx for both)

VOC Emissions from Storage Tanks Fugitive emissions in the form of evaporation losses from the storage tanks would be another major sources of air pollution in terms of volatile organic compounds (VOCs). There will be about 82 storage tanks and mounded bullets for storing crude, benzene, toluene, xylene, gasoline, diesel, etc., in different types of tanks viz., cone roof, floating roof, internal floating roof in the proposed refinery cum petrochemical complex from which VOC emissions are envisaged. The total VOC emission from these storage tanks is calculated to be about 0.78 TPD considering 96% efficiency of vapour recovery for floating roof tanks and 99% efficiency of vapour recovery for floating roof tanks of benzene, as per the CPCB guidelines for Petroleum and Refineries.

As a good operating, HPCL will adopt periodically leak detection and repair (LDAR) programme to check fugitive emissions. The frequency of the programme will be proportionate to the risk potential of carrying fluid. Based on leak detection as per LDAR programme, action will be taken to eliminate fugitive emissions. This will be a continuous activity.

Noise Environment The major noise generating sources in the complex would be Furnaces, Blowers, Heaters, Driers, I.D. Fans, F.D. Fans, Turbine Generators, Pumps, Compressors, Cooling Towers, etc. The impact of noise emission will be minimized by acoustic enclosures and the noise levels will be limited to 85 dBA. A cumulative noise level due to anticipated noise sources inside project site near Pachpadra is estimated and found to be 42.2 dBA at a distance of approx. 5.5 km at villages Kasaiyon ki Dhani and Samra ki Dhani. Noise levels will decrease with further increase in distance from source. These levels would not contribute significantly to existing ambient noise levels, which will be within the prescribed standards.

Presently, traffic is mainly on the National Highway No. 112, passing through the study area. Noise level due to present peak hour traffic is calculated to be 57.4 dBA at a distance of 100 m. Due to the proposed HPCL complex, an increase in traffic by around 20 heavy duty vehicle trips, 2000 medium and 3000 light vehicles per day is expected during construction period. The noise level at a distance of 100 m from the road is estimated to be 60.4 dBA. Cumulative noise level at 1 km due to transportation will be

E-9

Executive Summary around 50.4 dBA, 3 dBA more than the existing level. Since the villages are located more than 1 km away from the NH, impact of Noise levels due to increase in traffic will be insignificant/marginal.

Water Environment The water requirement of proposed grass-root project will be for boilers, processes, process cooling, utilities cooling, fire water make up and for greenbelt development/horticulture. The water requirement will be met from Indira Gandhi Canal (IG Canal) at Nachna. As per data available for the period during June 2010 to November 2013, the monthly minimum average water availability was 311 cusec during May 2013. Consent from Irrigation Department, Barmer has already been obtained by HPCL for drawl of 28 MIGD (~ 52 cusec). For drawl of water, a 44” raw water pipeline of 200 km length along with pumping facilities has been considered. Considering the huge quantum of water availability from IG canal in lean period also (min: 311 cusec), of which the refinery requirement of 52 cusec and is 16.72% which is within the water allocation from IG canal.

In order to ascertain a continuous supply of raw water to the RRP Complex, a backup water source (second source of water) from underground reservoir (Saline Aquifers from Thumbli, located at about 100 km from Pachpadra) equipped with desalination plant of equivalent capacity has been proposed. Since this water supply source is located far away from the proposed site, change in the hydrology of the study area around the project site is not envisaged.

Regarding refinery pollutants, there will be least possibility of oil/chemicals leachate to ground water due to following measures:

(i) Proper segregation & collection philosophy shall be adopted for oily water & floor wash from Process units in ETP Block. Oil separated from ETP will be routed to Slop tanks. Oily Sludge generated from ETP (after dewatering etc. in ETP) shall be transferred into temporary impervious lined land fill before finally disposing to secured land fill outside Refinery. Membership of the TSDF facilities shall be obtained after authorization from RPCB.

(ii) Oily sludge generated from the crude tanks during maintenance (every 4-5 years) shall be stored in temporary impervious lined land fill which later on shall be sent to secure land fill.

E-10

Executive Summary

(iii) Possibility of leakage of oil from Tank Bottom sludge is not anticipated due to planned Turnaround and Inspection schedule of all Crude tanks for maintenance.

In view of the above groundwater modeling for adverse environmental impact is not envisaged at this stage.

Measures would also be taken by HPCL during the course of design and implementation of project to reduce the use of fresh water by maximizing its reuse potential. Moreover, HPCL has an agreement with Government of Rajasthan, so that in no case intake structures and drawl of water shall conflict with other beneficiaries near intake point at any point of time during construction phase as well as in operational phase of the refinery cum petrochemical complex.

Wastewater will be suitably treated in ETP, and ETP treated effluent to MINAS standard shall be further treated in RO based tertiary treatment plant (TTP) for production of DM quality water for reuse. Low TDS reject of RO plant shall be utilized for greenbelt development, dust suppression etc. Project is designed to achieve zero discharge concept. The biological sludge generated in the waste water treatment plant will be used as manure in the greenbelt development. Oily sludge from ETP after thickening and dewatering shall be transferred to the secured land fill in refinery and subsequently, disposed off to secured land fill of RPCB approved TSDF agency.

Land Environment Since, the land requirement for proposed project is being provided by Govt. of Rajasthan on lease and there are no habitants in project area, as such rehabilitation and resettlement plan is not involved. The proposed site spread over 4813 acres falls under villages Sajjiyali Roopji Kanthavad, Sambhara, Pachpadra Tehsil, District: Barmer, Rajasthan. Out of the total land, 413 acres is reserved for township and raw water reservoir. The entire project site area is sandy with 2-3 m undulation.

There exists potential for impact on land environment due to handling, transport and disposal of hazardous and non-hazardous wastes generated from proposed Project. However with efficient identification, quantification, treatment and management practice in place, adverse impact on land environment as well as impact on surface and groundwater resources is not envisaged.

The major sources of solid wastes from proposed project will mainly consist of oily sludge, spent catalysts, biological sludge, canteen wastes, batteries, surplus drums,

E-11

Executive Summary etc. The hazardous and non-hazardous wastes generated at various sources will follow standard guidelines of treatment, storage, disposal facilities.

For polymer units like LDPE and PP, solid waste (i.e. waste polymer products) from individual unit's of battery limit will be collected by having a small pit with skimming facility. This skimmed off material will then be sold off along with the baggage area plant sweep material as off spec polypropylene or off spec polyethylene, as applicable. The quantity of skimmed off-spec material will be very low in comparison to the plant sweep material, typically a few kilograms per month.

Biological Environment The site identified for proposed project has no notified wildlife/avifauna migratory path, sanctuaries etc. within the project study area. Presently the remarkable fauna in the study area consists of Chinkara (Gazella bennettii), which is ubiquitous and Indian Peafowl that come under Schedule-I as per Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972. Also, Cinereous Vulture and Egyptian Vulture have been placed in ‘Near Threatened’ and ‘Endangered’ categories respectively of IUCN.

The mitigation measure to avoid adverse environmental impacts includes the discharge of the gaseous and particulate matters into the surrounding environments must be minimized. Destruction of natural habitat of animals as well as vegetation should be minimum. Nesting, mating and other wildlife behavioural patterns should not be disrupted or destroyed. Survival rate of the planted trees should be closely monitored in the green belt and the trees which could not survive should be counted, and additional plantation should be done to maintain the vegetative eco-system.

Socio-Economic Environment The proposed project would create long term beneficial impacts on socio economic environment as:

 General growth in commercial and industrial activity in the area  The civil amenities like medical facilities, market, education, sports, employment, business opportunities, cultural activities etc. are likely to improve in the study area  Increase in infrastructure resources by way of transport and communication and other basic requirements will be generated for the working population of the project

E-12

Executive Summary

 Change in the life style of the local people with better economic condition of the region  Overall improvement in quality of life of the people in the region.

6.0 Environmental Monitoring Programme A structured and certified environment management system shall be adopted by HPCL for ensuring that all the activities, products and services conform to the environmental requirement. The Environment Management Cell will be responsible for managing following activities related to environment function of proposed refinery cum petrochemical complex:

 To coordinate implementation of EMP during construction and operational phase  To deploy dedicated environment staff to manage environmental monitoring responsibilities  To manage and coordinate environmental monitoring aspects and control strategies  To coordinate with government agencies in relation to environmental management activities  To implement and monitor greenbelt development and plantation activities  To deploy safety specialist for safe working practices in RRP

An environmental monitoring program would be emphasized with trained and qualified staff that would monitor the ambient air, stack emission and water/waste water quality to ensure that the pollutants level are maintained as per refinery cum petrochemical guidelines. It is proposed to invest about Rs. 785 crores on pollution control, treatment and monitoring systems for the proposed RRP by HPCL.

7.0 Risk Assessment and Disaster Management Risk assessment was carried out to study the damages in case of accidental release of hazardous chemical. Hazards have been identified based on the computations of fire, explosion and toxicity indices. Accordingly, the process units have been categorized into low, moderate and severe hazards category. Maximum Credible Accident (MCA) analysis has been carried out at various wind velocities and atmospheric stability classes to estimate the maximum effective distances in case of partial and full rupture scenarios. Modeling has been carried out for jet, flash, pool fire and explosion scenarios.

E-13

Executive Summary

The risk has been quantified and presented in terms of iso-contours and F/N curves for process equipments and storage tanks. Population data in and around the proposed plants have been considered to predict iso-contours and F/N curve results. In most of the cases the F/N curves are in the ALARP (as low as reasonably practicable) region. Thus, mitigation measures have been recommended to tackle the emergencies. Disaster Management Plan (DMP) has also been delineated including the roles and responsibilities of key personnel. HPCL shall take all necessary precautions with implementation of stringent regulations to prevent occurrence of any mis-happening/ accident in the refinery cum petrochemical complex.

8.0 Environment Management Plan During operation phase, the impacts on the various environmental attributes would be mitigated using appropriate pollution control equipment. The Environment Management Plan prepared for the proposed RRP project aims at minimizing the pollution at source.

Air Environment Fugitive and stack emissions from the refinery cum petrochemical complex will contribute to marginal increase in concentrations of gaseous pollutants. The mitigation measures to control pollution at source are:

 Furnaces/fuel combustion facilities shall be operated with optimum quantity

of air so that fuel consumption as well as emissions of SO2 and NOx are minimized. To mitigate NOx emissions from fuel combustion, the following options shall be considered during detailed engineering:

o Tangential/Dry Low NOx (DLN) burners

o Multiple combustion chamber technology

o Low ‘S’ fuel oil & fuel gas firing as per prescribed standards

 To control fugitive emissions of hydrocarbons (HCs) and their impacts in the vicinity, following measures are recommended:

o Provision of mechanical seals in pumps

o Preventive maintenance of valves, flanges/joints, mechanical seals, floating roof seals etc. and other equipment especially at natural gas skids

 Provision of high stack for wider dispersion of gaseous emissions;

E-14

Executive Summary

 Asphalting of the roads within the plant area to prevent fugitive emissions due to movement of vehicles; and

 Development of greenbelt around the plant to arrest the fugitive emissions.

Noise Environment  It should be ensured that low noise generating equipment are procured, wherever feasible

 Acoustic laggings and silencers should be provided in the equipment, wherever necessary

 Use of personal protective devices such as ear-muffs, ear-plugs etc. should be strictly enforced for the workers engaged in high noise areas, viz. compressor house, blowers, feed pumps, boiler units, turbo generator area, cooling towers, ID/FD fans etc.

 Implementation of greenbelt/landscaping is expected to further reduce noise impacts within the project premises

 Tree plantation and landscaping at vehicle parking areas and along approach roads are recommended within the project premises

 Unnecessary alarm horns should be avoided by vehicles while plying during office hours

Mitigation of Vibration Impacts

 Low vibration generating machines/equipment may be selected for the indent purpose with rugged bases to minimize propagation of vibrations

 Personnel working near the vibrating machines in different units should be provided with well-designed vibration resistant hand-gloves/ foot-wares

 Vibration generating sources and their platforms should be maintained properly to mitigate vibrations

Water Environment  HPCL shall ascertain at planning design stage and further evaluate at commissioning stage of ETP, that the treated effluent would attain characteristics within the prescribed limits of RSPCB/CPCB. The performance of proposed ETP should be continuously monitored and any deviation in performance at any point of time should be corrected on priority.

E-15

Executive Summary

 The region being water scarce, the project developer should not extract excess fresh water than 5 MLD for 1 year anticipated by HPCL from Nagana Reservoir for proposed construction phase and Indira Gandhi Canal 127 MLD (52 cusec) during operation phase.

 In addition, the treated effluent from Balotra for Bithuja CETP after adequate polishing treatment may be utilized as a water source during construction phase. The existing resources / fresh water sources, which are currently being used by the villagers for the purpose of obtaining drinking water and/or water for irrigation or other purposes, should not be exploited at all times.

 Reuse of treated effluent should be attempted to the maximum possible extent, e.g. cooling tower blow down and treated effluent for DM water and horticulture use etc.

 The detailed record of raw water intake for different processes, CT makeup, fire water, green belt development and sanitary and drinking purpose and wastewater generation from different sources shall be maintained on daily/ regular basis w.r.t. flow rates and characteristics. These details would be useful in preparing comprehensive water balance with micro-level details at project site and also for identification and implementation of reuse/recycle practice of treated effluent at project site leading to minimization of effluent discharges.

 It is recommended that top priority should be given to rainwater harvesting within the refinery cum petrochemical complex.

 Effective implementation of rainwater harvesting system needs to be carried out. Appropriate utilization of harvested rainwater for reuse such as firefighting, floor cleaning etc. must be ensured to minimize freshwater demand.

Land Environment  Oil is a potential hazardous substance present in wastes generated from petrochemicals and requires special attention in all oil removal operations. Oily sludge generated from all locations may be disposed off in secured landfill

E-16

Executive Summary

 Every precaution should be taken to avoid spillage of oils and other petroleum products on soils to protect groundwater and to avoid any danger to other soil microbial organisms which are sensitive to oil pollution

 Separate provision must be made by earmarking land site for secured landfill facility (SLF) for disposal of hazardous solid wastes

 It is also recommended that of all types of solid wastes generated at the refinery and petrochemical complex shall have facilities for collection, conveyance, transport to SLF disposal point avoiding manual handling for safety of workers and to maintain hygienic conditions

 In this context, it is recommended that HPCL should collect all hazardous wastes in closed drums for transport and further safe disposal to SLF as per the provision of Hazardous Waste (Management and Handling) Rule 2008

 Generation of sufficient quantities of E-waste has recently become a problem in every organization and hence HPCL should manage its disposal as per the E-waste (Management and Handling) Guidelines of MoEF.

Biological Environment  As the project is proposed in desert ecosystem, development of green belt with carefully selected plant species (tolerant to water scarcity) is of prime importance due to their capacity to reduce noise and air pollution impacts by attenuation/assimilation and for providing food and habitat for local macro and micro fauna

 The rainwater harvesting shall be practiced to the maximum possible extent. Groundwater recharging shall be initiated as per availability of land at complex to reduce fresh water requirement. Treated sewage and wastewater in combination should be used for greenbelt development

 Provision of land and adequate funds to create green belt of appropriate width as per CPCB guidelines should be made

 Social awareness program about the importance of conservation of flora and fauna especially medicinal plants, rare and endangered species and their ecological role need to be conducted.

E-17

Executive Summary

Socio-economic Environment The proposed refinery project would add as an industrial base in the region. In order to improve the quality of life of the people of the region, the following measures are suggested:

 Collaboration between project authority and local bodies is necessary for the smooth functioning of the project as well as for the overall progress of the region

 The facilities like education, medical, transportation, sanitation are poor in rural area, and these need to be strengthened under social welfare activity

 For all the social welfare activities to be undertaken by the project authorities, collaboration should be sought with the local administrations viz. Gram Panchayat, C.D. Block office etc. for better co-ordination and also to reach to the public

 Awareness programmes should be organized on regular basis to help and educate the local people about potential hazards and the disaster management as well as environmental management plan being undertaken at project site. This can be done in collaboration with local administration

 It is envisaged that upon implementation of community development programmes/ welfare measures as recommended in environmental management plan would lead to increase in overall quality of life of the people of the region.

9.0 Public Consultation and Participation In accordance with the provisions of EIA Notification no. S.O. 1533 dated 14.09.2006 and its subsequent amendment S.O. 3067 (E) dated 01.12.2009 issued by Ministry of Environment and Forests (MoEF), Govt. of , New Delhi, public hearing for the proposed refinery cum petrochemical project was conducted on May 30, 2014 by Rajasthan State Pollution Control Board (RSPCB) at Shree Sambhra Aashapura Mataji Mandir, Sambhra, Village Sambhra, Taluka: Pachpadra, District: Barmer. On behalf of District Collector Barmer, Chief Executive Officer, Zilaparishad, Barmer presided over the public hearing meeting. Regional Officer, Rajasthan State Pollution Control Board, Jodhpur and Balotra conducted the public hearing proceedings. About 1000 people attended the public hearing.

E-18

Executive Summary

A power point presentation covering the proposed project details and the outcome of Environmental Impact Assessment and Risk Assessment (EIA & RA) studies was made in Hindi language (local and national language) in the Public Hearing meeting.

Queries on environmental issues related to salt mining, flora & fauna, air pollution, wastewater discharge, solid waste disposal from the complex were raised. The public also raised queries on various socio-economic issues like employment for local people, welfare activities in the villages, particularly for the salt mine owners/ workers, water catchment for the salt mines in the area etc. All these queries by various Gram Panchayats, local villagers and NGOs were appropriately answered by the RSPCB, NEERI and the Project Proponent.

The proceedings of the public hearing have been duly documented by Rajasthan State Pollution Control Board, which is given in Annexure XIX of the EIA report.

In general, there was support for the proposed project from almost all the local people and their representatives gathered at the Public Hearing. People welcomed industrial development in the region and expected certain welfare measures to be undertaken by the project proponent in the villages through CSR activities.

10.0 Conclusion The proposed refinery cum petrochemical complex has certain level of marginal impacts on the local environment. However, with the implementation of the proposed pollution control and environment management measures, even the marginal impacts anticipated due to construction and operation of the proposed Project will be mitigated. There will be a beneficial effect of a flourishing production that will directly and indirectly boost the living standards of the people, save foreign exchange and with increase in industrial activities, create more jobs in the local economy. Thus, in view of considerable benefits from the project with marginal environmental impacts mitigated through robust EMP, the proposed Project will be advantageous not only for the Pachpadra region, but also for the , Rajasthan State and Nation as a whole.

E-19