INSTITUTO SUPERIOR DE CONTABILIDADE E ADMINISTRAÇÃO DO PORTO POLITÉCNICO DO PORTO MESTRADO M ÁREA DE ESPECIALIZAÇÃO Local and Regional Entrepreneurship: A case study in case case study in Castelo de Paiva Jéssica Soraia da Cruz Ribeiro DEZEMBRO DE 2020 Versão Final (Esta versão contém as críticas e sugestões dos elementos do júri) Local Local and Regional Entrepreneurship: A . 20 20 / 2 Jéssica Jéssica Soraia da Cruz Ribeiro dePaivaCastelo 1 INSTITUTO SUPERIOR DE CONTABILIDADE E ADMINISTRAÇÃO DO PORTO POLITÉCNICO DO PORTO MESTRADO M ÁREA DE ESPECIALIZAÇÃO Local and Regional Entrepreneurship: A case study in case case study in Castelo de Paiva Jéssica Soraia da Cruz Ribeiro Dissertação de Mestrado apresentado ao Instituto Superior de Contabilidade e Administração do Porto para a obtenção do grau de Mestre em Intercultural Studies for Business, sob orientação do Prof. Doutor Marco Lamas. Local Local and Regional Entrepreneurship: A . 20 20 / 2 Jéssica Jéssica Soraia da Cruz Ribeiro dePaivaCastelo 1 ii Dedication Honor and close this cycle of my life, dedicating this dissertation to my dear and beloved parents. Dedicatória Honro e fecho este ciclo da minha vida, dedicando esta dissertação aos meus queridos e amados pais. iii Gratitude To my advisor, Professor Doutor Marco Lamas, for all the effort and practical sense with which he has always guided me. To my parents, thank you for the example, dedication, affection, unconditional support, and love throughout my life. Hope, one day, to be a little of what you are. To my family and Miguel Sousa, thank you for your unconditional support. To Xavier and Duarte, my canine loves, thank you for your unconditional love and company. My dear and beloved Xavier, wherever you are, shines a lot! To the teachers, Ana Luísa Peleira, Duarte Neto and Gonçalo Fernandes, thank you for the positive mark you left in my life. Agradecimentos Ao meu orientador, Professor Doutor Marco Lamas, por todo o empenho e sentido prático com que sempre me orientou. Aos meus pais, obrigada pelo exemplo, dedicação, carinho, apoio incondicional e amor durante toda a minha vida. Espero, um dia, poder ser um pouco do que vocês são. À minha família e Miguel Sousa, obrigada pelo apoio incondicional Ao Xavier e Duarte, os meus amores caninos, obrigada pelo amor e companhia incondicional. Meu querido e amado Xavier, onde quer que estejas, brilha muito! Aos professores, Ana Luísa Peleira, Duarte Neto e Gonçalo Fernandes, obrigada pela marca positiva que deixaram na minha vida. iv Abstract: Castelo de Paiva gained greater visibility through a tragedy that shook not only the local community, but the whole of Portugal. This tragedy will be debated here as it influenced the development in Castelo de Paiva. Thus, this investigation aims to find out what advances have allowed the development in Castelo de Paiva; Which creative industries are expanding; What kind of economic development existed; and show how the fall of the bridge promoted the development of Castelo de Paiva. This whole scenario leads to hypotheses that will be verified through the application of questionnaires and interviews, thus verifying their validity. Cultural entrepreneurship and the creative economy share the same dimension, which leads us to the possibilities of creating a business model in the sector of the creative and entertainment industry. Thus, a cultural entrepreneur is one who has the ability to identify a business opportunity in the areas of culture, leisure, and entertainment, as well as to develop it in a profitable and sustainable manner. Despite its long existence and being a field of study for more than 25 years, entrepreneurship only started to have due importance with technological advancement. Until then it was related only to the economy. After its due recognition, there are countless concepts that, until then, were little studied, are interconnected and, many times, work as one. These concepts are the creative industries and the creative economies. From here, they come together as a business model, which generates the relationship between culture and entrepreneurship, since culture identified as the symbolic creation process during entrepreneurial activity, experienced by people. Another theme that in focus in this investigation was the issue of interculturality, and, during this investigation was possible to find out some examples of it. Thus, this investigation intends to verify the influence of the bridge’s fall on the enterprise, since 2001, in Castelo de Paiva. Although not the main fact, it was the main driver of everything since the tragedy itself put the name of the village in vogue. This was followed by the acceleration investments of Portuguese State investment and, also, investment by a Swiss company, increasing productivity and, consequently, the level of employability and quality of life. The media were also an investment that easily allowed access to Castelo de Paiva and, v with the tragedy, the monument of homage to the victims, which leads to a greater influx of people to Castelo de Paiva. Key words: Entrepreneurship, Creative Industries, Creative Economies, Castelo de Paiva vi Table of Contents Chapter - Introduction ................................................................................................... 1 Chapter I – Theoretical framework .............................................................................. 4 1 Introduction ........................................................................................................... 5 1.1 Entrepreneurship ............................................................................................ 5 1.1.1 History .................................................................................................... 5 1.1.2 Concept................................................................................................ 9 1.1.3 Entrepreneurship in Portugal ............................................................. 11 1.2 Creative Industries........................................................................................ 15 1.2.1 History and Concept .......................................................................... 15 1.2.2 Creative Industries in Portugal .......................................................... 21 1.3 Creative economies ...................................................................................... 24 Chapter II – Castelo de Paiva- Study Case ................................................................ 30 2. Context ........................................................................................................... 31 2.1- Characterization of Castelo de Paiva ........................................................... 31 2.1.1- Economics ................................................................................................ 33 2.1.2- Cultural ..................................................................................................... 35 2.2. Methodology ................................................................................................ 40 2.3. Methodology Choices .................................................................................. 41 2.3.1- Research Question ................................................................................ 41 2.3.2- Research Objective ............................................................................... 42 2.4. Sample Characterization .............................................................................. 43 2.5. Research Instruments ................................................................................... 45 2.5.1- Methodological procedures ................................................................... 46 2.5.2- Statistical analysis ................................................................................. 47 2.6. Data Processing ............................................................................................ 47 2.6.1- Analysis of the obtained results ............................................................ 47 vii Conclusion ..................................................................................................................... 70 Bibliographic References ............................................................................................. 77 Appendix ....................................................................................................................... 89 Appendix I –Quiz Guide ............................................................................................. 90 Appendix II –Interview Guide .................................................................................... 92 viii Graphics Graphic 1- Entrepreneurial Framework Conditions……………………………………15 Graphic 2- Cultural and Creative Industries- Distribution of companies by subsector...23 Graphic 3- Gender……………………………………………………………………...43 Graphic 4- Age…………………………………………………………………………44 Graphic 5- Professions………………………………………………………………....44 Graphic 6- How was Castelo de Paiva before the fall of the bridge- socially-………...48 Graphic 7- How was Castelo de Paiva before the fall of the bridge- economically-…..49 Graphic 8- How was Castelo de Paiva before the fall of the bridge- culturally……….50 Graphic 9- How Castelo de Paiva in social terms is?.....................................................50 Graphic 10- How Castelo de Paiva in economic terms is?............................................52 Graphic 11- What cultural and entrepreneurial activities do you know in Castelo