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Consideration of the Citadel, Lt Col James B. Near, Jr., USAF, '77

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Consideration of the Citadel, Lt Col James B. Near, Jr., USAF, '77 ACAP, 3/25/2021 4 NEW CENTER, INSTITUTE, OR CONSORTIUM PROPOSAL FORM Name of Institution: The Citadel (http://www.citadel.edu) Name of Proposed Center/Institute: Lt Col James B. Near, Jr., USAF, ’77 Center for Climate Studies Proposed Date of Implementation: August 15, 2021 Site: Department of Physics (http://www.citadel.edu/root/physics), Swain Family School of Science and Mathematics (https://www.citadel.edu/root/ssm) Program Contact Information (name, title, telephone number, and email address): Dr. Scott Curtis Dr. John Lining Professor of Physics Director of the Lt Col James B. Near, Jr., USAF, ’77 Center for Climate Studies Phone: 843-953-6781 or 252-414-8602 Email: [email protected] Institutional Approvals and Dates of Approval (include Provost/Chief Academic Officer, President and Board of Trustees approval): Provost: December 1, 2020 President: December 15, 2020 Board of Visitors: February 1, 2021 Background Information State the nature and purpose of the proposed center/institute and its centrality to institutional mission. The Lt Col James B. Near, Jr., USAF, ’77 Center for Climate Studies (a.k.a. the “Center”) serves the students and faculty of The Citadel and citizens of South Carolina by enhancing understanding of climate and its variability, change, and risks. It will guide curriculum development in atmospheric and climate science, conduct place-based research with undergraduates, and inform and promote the design of scientifically sound, technologically feasible, economically efficient, and ethically defensible climate risk management strategies. The Center’s mission is consistent with The Citadel’s mission of educating and training principled leaders, and its establishment appears as Objective 6.3 within The Citadel’s strategic plan, Our Mighty Citadel 2026: Advancing Our Legacy of Leadership. The Center is named after an alumnus of The Citadel (1977) who passed away in 2020. Lt Col Near served twenty years in the USAF as a meteorologist and in fall of 2014 returned to The Citadel as an adjunct professor of Physics. Near demonstrated extraordinary generosity by providing The Citadel Foundation (TCF) with a $1.865 million 1 ACAP, 3/25/2021 4 gift to initiate the Center. Ever humble and not wanting to receive any recognition for his donation, he specified to TCF that his gift remain completely anonymous until his passing. Vision: The Lt Col James B. Near, Jr., USAF, ’77 Center for Climate Studies will be nationally recognized as an academic leader in interdisciplinary climate science. Mission: To promote climate science through education, research, and outreach and the development of public-private partnerships. The scope of the Center’s activities will consist of the relation of Earth’s climate to (a) national security, (b) coastal environment and infrastructure, and (c) public health and welfare. List the goals of the proposed center/institute. In order to realize the stated mission, the Center will: a) facilitate interdisciplinary collaboration among faculty, students, and external constituents; b) foster partnerships between industry, government agencies, and the academy; c) provide students, faculty, and external constituents access to data, emerging technologies and research, and other resources related to climate science; d) facilitate innovative and entrepreneurial solutions to real-world concerns related to climate science by developing the technical and non-technical knowledge and skills of its constituents. Assessment of Need Provide an assessment of the need for the proposed center/institute for the state, the region, and beyond, if applicable. The Center will address climate science through education, outreach, and research. The Center will be unique in South Carolina higher education, serving as a catalyst for information exchange between faculty and students in the college and external constituents in the Lowcountry. The general public often has misconceptions about climate or equates climate with political persuasions. Climate is not a thing, like a cloud, or a physical characteristic, like temperature, or even an environmental hazard, like a flood or wildfire. At its core, climate is a statistical understanding of weather, usually over a period of 30 years or more. However, it is too simplistic to view climate as an immovable “average”. Climate changes, because the atmosphere is a fluid, receiving various amounts of energy from the sun and the surface of the Earth and interacting with the ocean and land. Therefore, while climate science’s underpinnings are physics and math, it is also an applied science that deals with how weather events and trends are interconnected to the Earth system and society. With these guiding principles, the Center will inform climate science curriculum and programs to enhance the learning environment at The Citadel (especially in the themes identified and described below) and prepare cadets to better understand their environment and its challenges. Currently Meteorology and Applied Climatology are being offered in the Department of Physics (which fit the first box in Figure 1), but climate related topics are also covered across the college in Biology (Environmental Science), Education (Introduction to Earth Science), and History (World Geography). The Center will provide direction to coalesce these offerings into a cohesive curriculum of study. Initially, this can be accomplished through supporting an interdisciplinary minor. There is one related interdisciplinary minor at The Citadel: Sustainability and Environmental Studies, which is appropriate for students interested in sustainable agriculture, environmental degradation, supply chain sustainability environmental history, or environmental economics (related to the third box in Figure 1). However, this minor does not suppose a foundation in meteorology and climatology. 2 ACAP, 3/25/2021 4 We expect the Center to increase enrollment in STEM majors, as the Center will serve as a catalyst for interdisciplinary climate science research and outreach. The Center will also engage cadets in summer and course-based research projects for observing and modeling local climate events that impact their everyday lives. A background (minor) in climate studies will also increase the marketability of students from all majors. Climate extremes can cause shockwaves through the global marketplace, and businesses and industry must be prepared to understand and respond to these effects. Also, as mentioned later, the military is managing current climate threats and preparing for new ones. In addition to undergraduates, the Center will reach out to K-12 students through the Zucker Family School of Education, to grow the numbers of STEM students, especially in underrepresented populations, and foster the next generation of climate scientists. The objective is to support K-12 teacher training in climate science. Understanding climate science is important locally and nationally due to the societal and economic ramifications. For example, the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) reports an upward trend in weather-related damages to South Carolina (accounting for inflation). In the 2010s there were 27 billion-dollar weather and climate disasters that had some impact on the state with a total price tag of up to 17 billion. Some notable examples in the state during the decade were (courtesy of the SC Dept. Natural Resources): • 2011 Drought o Lasted from 2011 to 2013. Depletion of water stored in aquifers with severe impacts on water costs, vegetation and health. • 2012 Heat Records o High pressure caused scorching summer heat. Columbia University (SC) recorded 113°F during June 29 – July 2 heat wave. • 2014 Severe Ice Storm o From February 11-12 a strong winter storm swept through the state. Freezing rain, snow, sleet, and ice accumulated causing tree damage on par with Hurricane Hugo. • 2015 Extreme Rain Event o From October 1-5 a historic rain event caused significant flooding throughout the state. More than 50 state-regulated dams were breached. • 2016 Hurricane Matthew o First hurricane landfall since 2004. Triggered an evacuation of the entire South Carolina coast. 10-17 inches of rain led to rivers topping major flood stage. • 2018 Hurricane Florence o Second evacuation of coastal counties in three years. Unprecedented rainfall and riverine flooding in the northeast. This far exceeds the situation a decade earlier when South Carolina suffered 15 of these types of disasters, amounting to up to $4 billion in damages. 2020 continues this upward trend with 10 billion- dollar disasters affecting the state in some way (a record going back to 1980). It should be noted that extreme weather events in coastal areas cause an average of $35 billion in insured property damage in the US annually, which increases insurance costs and disrupts communities. Homeowners are often unable to return to their homes and workplaces for months, which impacts individual incomes and local government and business revenues. The recent rise in sea surface temperatures has led to increased intensity and greater inland reach of coastal storms. As a result of devastating damage from recent hurricane seasons, increased reporting linking severe storms to climate change, and predictions for more frequent and more severe storms, homeowners have a greater appreciation for the risk, even if they are not deterred from moving to the coast. However, 43% cannot afford adequate insurance coverage for damage from these events. On the other hand, nuisance flooding
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