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First Record of a Hitherto New World Planthopper Taxon from Japan (Hemiptera, Fulgoroidea, Delphacidae, Plesiodelphacinae)

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First Record of a Hitherto New World Planthopper Taxon from Japan (Hemiptera, Fulgoroidea, Delphacidae, Plesiodelphacinae) Dtsch. Entomol. Z. 63 (1) 2016, 75–88 | DOI 10.3897/dez.63.7178 museum für naturkunde Enigmatic distribution: first record of a hitherto New World planthopper taxon from Japan (Hemiptera, Fulgoroidea, Delphacidae, Plesiodelphacinae) Manfred Asche1,2, Masami Hayashi3.4, Satoshi Fujinuma5 1 Museum für Naturkunde, Leibniz Institute for Research on Evolution and Biodiversity at the Humboldt University Berlin, Hemiptera Research Group, Invalidenstraße 43, 10115 Berlin, Germany 2 Research Associate, Department of Entomology, Bishop Museum, P.O. Box 19000-A, Honolulu, Hawai’i 96817, U.S.A. 3 Department of Biology, Faculty of Education, Saitama University, 338-8570 Japan 4 Laboratory of Entomology, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Atsugi, 243-0034 Japan 5 Asagaya-minami 1-20-20, Suginami-ku, Tokyo, 166-0004 Japan http://zoobank.org/993BF952-9790-44D6-BB85-35C86802A01E Corresponding author: Manfred Asche ([email protected]) Abstract Received 12 November 2015 Accepted 4 February 2016 Burnilia japonica sp. n. of the delphacid subfamily Plesiodelphacinae from southern Published 10 March 2016 Japan (Kyushu, Yakushima, Okinawa) is described. The surprising discovery of a Burni- lia-species in Japan is the first record of a member of this subfamily outside the New Academic editor: World. As the generic assignment is beyond any doubts, this finding reveals a puzzling Dominique Zimmermann geographic distribution of this group. A natural – indigenous – occurrence of B. japonica in Japan versus a recent introduction e.g., by human traffic, is discussed. A phylogenetic Key Words study of the whole Plesiodelphacinae including the Japanese species is desired. Fulgoromorpha Burnilia taxonomy zoogeography West Pacific island endemism Introduction Neotropical. Due to the display of a cross-sectional circu- lar post-tibial spur with well separated conical teeth Muir The genus Burnilia Muir & Giffard, 1924, was estab- and Giffard (1924) placed Burnilia into the tribe Alohi- lished monotypically with the type species Delphax pic- ni Muir, 1915, still listed here in Metcalf (1943). Asche tifrons Stål, 1864 described from Mexico (Stål 1864). (1985a) described a second genus close to Burnilia, viz., Five more Burnilia-species have been described since: B. Plesiodelphax with the type species Plesiodelphax guay- belemensis Muir, 1926 and B. williamsi Muir, 1926 from anus Asche, 1985 from Brazil (type locality: Porto 14 Brazil, B. heliconiae Muir, 1926, B. longicaput Muir, de Mayo) and French Guiana. Moreover, Asche (1985a) 1926 from French Guiana (see Muir 1926), and B. spin- removed Burnilia from the Alohini (the latter being in- ifera Fennah 1945 from French Guiana (Fennah 1945) tegrated as junior synonym into the Delphacini: Asche with the subspecies B. spinifera antillana Fennah, 1959 1985b), and established the subfamily Plesiodelphacinae from the Caribbean: St. Vincent Island (Fennah 1959). for Burnilia and Plesiodelphax, based on characters re- The genus Burnilia was hitherto considered as entirely garded as autapomorphies (concerning hind wing vena- Copyright Manfred Asche et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY 4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. 76 Manfred Asche et al.: Enigmatic distribution: first record of a hitherto New World... tion, the special carination of the vertex, the arrangements drawings to glycerine jelly). Photographs were taken by of distal spine at the first post-metatarsus, and in the spe- the digital camera Canon50D with a MP-E 65mm Macro cial configuration of the male genitalia, as described and Photo Lens and by some compact digital cameras in the discussed in Asche 1985b). The display of the post-tibial field, arranged by Paintshop Pro X4. The terminology spur was rather regarded as “kelisioid” than as “alohinid” used for bodily parts including male genitalia largely (Asche 1985a). In his phylogeny of Delphacidae, Asche follows Asche (1985a, b; 1990), Holzinger et al. (2003), (1985b), placed the Plesiodelphacinae above the level Hoch (2013), for female genitalia Bourgoin (1993), for of Stenocraninae as the sistergroup of Delphacinae (see wing venation Bourgoin et al. (2015). also Asche 1990). Mainly based on larval morphology, Depositories: Laboratory of Entomology, Tokyo Emeljanov (1995) distinguished only three subfamilies University of Agriculture, Atsugi, Japan (TUA) of Delphacidae: Asiracinae, Ugyopinae and Delphacinae. Museum für Naturkunde, Humboldt Universität, The latter comprises seven tribes including Plesiodelpha- Berlin, Germany (MFNB) cini which were placed in his cladogram above the level Ryukyu University Museum, Okinawa, Japan (RUMF) of Stenocranini and considered as the sistergroup of a clade Tropidocephalini – Saccharosydnini plus Delpha- cini, - congruent with the hypothesis of Asche (1985b). Taxonomy However, Emeljanov´s tribal classification is not fully ad- opted here, with consequence that plesiodelphacine taxa Burnilia Muir & Giffard, 1924 are still regarded as separate subfamily as suggested by Asche (1985b, 1990). The higher classification of Delpha- Proterosydne: Crawford 1914: 570, nec Kirkaldy 1907: 130. cidae has also been addressed by Hamilton (2006) who Burnilia Muir & Giffard, 1924: 7. Type species:Delphax interpreted and supplemented mainly Emeljanov´s data pictifrons Stål, 1864, [Mexico], by original designation. (Emeljanov 1995). Hamilton (2006) moved most subfam- ilies and tribes with the exception of Plesiodelphacinae to Diagnosis (modified from Asche 1985a, b). As a ple- a single subfamily “Delphacinae”. For Plesiodelphacinae siodelphacine genus, Burnilia is recognizable by the he referred to Bartlett (2005) who reported about possi- following combination of characters: head with vertex ble relationships of this group to Asiracinae. Urban et al. well projected in front of compound eyes, carination (2010) investigated the phylogeny of Delphacidae on the weakly developed or partly entirely missing; frons elon- basis of molecular data and implications revealed from gate and usually widest at frontoclypeal suture; antennal host plant associations, providing the first substantive mo- joints subcylindrical with elongate pedicel; head usually lecular phylogeny of this family. According to their data, with boldly coloured contrasting blackish marks, either Plesiodelphacinae would possibly have derived from a as transverse frontal stripe(s), or as longitudinal frontal level basally of Kelisiinae and Stenocraninae; however, stripe enclosing median carina; sides of head in front as this hypothesis would have a substantial impact on the and/or above compound eyes partly with extended black interpretation of morphological data as suggested earlier patches; pronotum anterolaterally with a dark mark, in by Asche (1985b) and Emeljanov (1995), we here adopt some species bearing waxy exudations; post-tibial spur the morphology-based phylogenetic hypothesis. A phylo- “alohine”, i.e., elliptical in cross-section bearing well genetic study for the whole group of Plesiodelphacinae is separated cone-shaped teeth at the posterior margin; hind in preparation by the senior author. wings with anastomosis of M and Cu; drumming organ Meanwhile several more plesiodelphacine species sexually dimorphic, males with elongate and erect apo- were discovered in the Neotropics, and are currently sub- demes of the second abdominal sternite and development ject of a revision of the whole group (Asche, in prepa- of a “central plate” in the second abdominal tergite; dia- ration). The finding of persistent populations of a new phragm of male genital segment dorsally with conspic- Burnilia species in South Japan represents an enormous uous transverse spatula-shaped or subtriangular projec- enlargement of the whole subfamily´s range of distribu- tions directed cephalad (probably as ventrocaudal support tion. Here we describ this new Burnilia species and pro- of the aedeagus); aedeagal complex devoid of a free sus- vide information on its host plants and ecology. pensorium, dorsal base of phallotheca directly connected with ventral base of anal segment; aedeagus tubular, elon- gate, curved dorsally, central tube strongly sclerotized, Material and methods phallotheca membranous, in most species subapically a single spinose or flag-like process; females ditrysic, i.e., The specimens were collected by sweeping or by visu- full separation of copulation and oviposition duct; entry al search directly from the host plant, and preserved dry. to prevaginal chamber mostly sclerotized, often forming Measurements and line drawings were made by using a a funnel-shaped guiding aid for the aedeagus. Leitz stereomicroscope with camera lucida attachment. Asche (1985a, b) considered the shape and carination Genital structures were examined after the whole ab- of the vertex as well as the unique configuration of the dominal were macerated for 24 hours at room tempera- male genitalia associated with the ditrysic female genita- ture in KOH, subsequently transferred to glycerine (for lia (diaphragm of the genital segment with a spatula-like dez.pensoft.net Dtsch. Entomol. Z. 63 (1) 2016, 75–88 77 transverse plate directed interiorly, supposedly for guid- gate, narrow, medially about 1.87 times longer than wide ing the aedeagus into the female copulatory duct) as au- at base, distinctly projected in front of compound eyes; tapomorphic for Burnilia. The newly discovered
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