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Leveraging on Cultural Heritage Assets in Indonesia's Tourism Industry

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Leveraging on Cultural Heritage Assets in Indonesia's Tourism Industry LIFEWAYS 47 International Journal of Society, Development and Environment in the Developing World Volume 4, Issue 3, December 2020 (47-59) Leveraging on Cultural Heritage Assets in Indonesia’s Tourism Industry: The Challenge of Tourism Development in Tangerang City ELSA MARTINI1, NURUL AZIZAH1, RATNAWATI YUNI SURYANDARI1&2, ADIANATA1 1Regional and City Planning Department, Esa Unggul University, Jakarta, Indonesia, 2Center for Population and Policy Studies, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia Correspondence: Elsa Martini (email: [email protected]) Abstract Heritage sites have become both a tourist attraction and a tourism asset for developing countries including Indonesia. As such they figure significantly in the contemporary tourism development policies of these countries. Unknown by the public, Tangerang City has many cultural heritage buildings which are very interesting to visit as they are still active in conducting cultural events. Unfortunately, these cultural heritage buildings are lacking in terms of proper preservation. This study sought to identify and analyse the distribution of those heritage assets, and explore their possible development as tourist attractions. Primary data were gathered from 100 respondents who were administered with questionnaires using the Geographic Information System (GIS), and non-probability sampling techniques. Secondary data were obtained from related agencies. Results of the study are maps and recommended instructions for the development of the city’s heritage sites, namely, the addition of water tourism attractions and cultural events, the production of area maps and directions of the cultural heritage buildings, the improvement of pedestrian facilities, the addition of garden chairs and trash bins, the allocation of sites for the street singers, and the controlling of the spaces for street vendors. In conclusion, Tangerang City’s cultural heritage buildings will not bloom and function as gainful tourism attractions if they are not properly and earnestly developed. Keywords: GIS; heritage areas; instruction for development, Tangerang City Introduction Tourism development is all activities and coordinated efforts to attract tourists, to provide all the necessary infrastructure and facilities, goods and services in order to serve the tourists. The tourism developent includes aspects of life in society, such as public transportation, accommodation, attractions, food and beverages and others. This effort can encourage and increase the visit of foreign tourists or domestic tourists. www.lifewaysjournal.com e-ISSN 2590-387X LIFEWAYS 48 International Journal of Society, Development and Environment in the Developing World Volume 4, Issue 3, December 2020 (47-59) Heritage City is a city in which there are cultural heritage areas and/or cultural heritage buildings, which have an important value for a city as a historical growth of the city and also as a city identity (P3KP Guidelines, 2012). The heritage city is also the implementation of the arrangement and preservation of heritage activities as a strategy for the development of the city. Tangerang City is the city chosen to be the representative Heritage City of Banten Province. Tangerang City was selected based on the criteria from the Management and Conservation of Heritage City (Penataan dan Pelestarian Kota Pusaka/P3KP) from the Ministry of Public Works and Housing. Tangerang City is the origin of many cultural heritages, such as Boen Tek Bio, Heritage of Benteng Museum, Kali Pasir Mosque, Boen San Bio, Tangerang Station, and Water Gate. The richness of cultural heritage can a potential asset to increase the economic growth and historical tourism by preserving the existing cultural heritage in Tangerang City. The Heritage Area of Tangerang City is widely known as a culinary tourism area due to various types of food are sold there, ranging from the legendary to popular foods today. Based on the history, this area is the origin of Tangerang City, which is mostly occupied by the Chinese community so that the area has many unique old buildings with Chinese architecture and the local wisdom of the Chinatown community which is still preserved from ancient times to the present. The Heritage Area of Tangerang City has cultural heritage buildings which serve as an important part in the history of the development of Tangerang City. However, the development in the Heritage Area does not pay attention to the characteristic of the area. It can be seen that currently there are social and physical problems during the development. For social problems, there is a lack of socialization of the importance of cultural heritage and preservation of cultural heritage which will affect the cultural and historical tourism in the area. As for the physical problems, the physical condition of the cultural heritage objects in the area are not maintained. In fact, many buildings of the cultural heritage and traditional buildings are potential to be cultural heritage buildings which must be preserved, but they are displaced by new buildings or the buildings are damaged. Based on the background and problem formulation above, the research questions in this study are as follow. a. How is the distribution of objects and potentials in the Heritage Area of Tangerang City? b. What is the tourism component (5A) currently in the Tangerang City Heritage Area? c. What is the proposed instruction for the development of the Tangerang City Heritage Area? www.lifewaysjournal.com e-ISSN 2590-387X LIFEWAYS 49 International Journal of Society, Development and Environment in the Developing World Volume 4, Issue 3, December 2020 (47-59) Source: ArcGIS, processed, 2019 Figure 1. Map of Study Area Delineation Literature Review Tourism According to the Law of the Republic of Indonesia No. 10/2009 concerning Tourism, tourism is a variety of tourist activities and is supported by various facilities and services provided by the community, businessmen, government and local governments. According to Koen Meyers (2009), tourism is a travel activity carried out temporarily from the original place of residence to the destination area with an excuse not to settle down or earn a living, but only to satisfy the curiosity, spend free time or holidays and other purposes. Meanwhile according to Nyoman S. Pendit (1999), a Cultural Tourism is a tour based on the willingness to broaden one’s view by visiting or observing other places or abroad, studying the situation of the people, their habits and customs. Furthermore Fandeli (1995) states that Cultural Attraction Tourism is a tour carried out by visiting places which have uniqueness or cultural uniqueness, such as the dragon village, Toraja, the traditional Banten village, the Cirebon Kasepuhan palace, the Yogyakarta palace, and other cultural tourism objects. www.lifewaysjournal.com e-ISSN 2590-387X LIFEWAYS 50 International Journal of Society, Development and Environment in the Developing World Volume 4, Issue 3, December 2020 (47-59) Tourism Component This research takes 5A based on the identification from several experts, to be specific Sunaryo (2013), Buhalis (2000), and Leiper (1990). These are the adaptation results selected by the author: attraction, activities, accessibility, amenities and accommodation. Below is the detail of the component. a. Attraction, according to Bambang Sunaryo (2013), the attraction of tourism objek include the uniqueness and natural, cultural attraction, or the artificial attraction. b. Activities, according to Buhalis (2000), are all activities reserved in one destination and the action can be taken by the consumers when they are visiting the place. c. Accessibility, according to Bambang Sunaro (2013), tourism accessibility is “all the infrastructure to assist the tourists in reaching a certain destination or tourism attraction”. d. Amenities, according to Bambang Sunaryo (2013), amenities or accomodation are the facilities used by the tourists to resting, relaxing, and staying during a visit to a certain destination. e. Accommodation, according to Leiper (1990, in Pitana, I Gde and Diarta, 2016), accommodation is lodging or temporary residence and services related to that, such as the food and beverages which are generally located in tourist destinations and transit points. Heritage City As stated in Grand Design P3KP (2012), Heritage City is a city which has a valuable historical value and has natural, physical and immaterial cultural heritages as well as the connection of various heirlooms as an inheritance asset in a region or city or part of a region / city which live, thrive, and are managed effectively. According to Heritage City Preservation Charter (2013), Heritage City is a city or district which has superior inheritance assets in the form of natural heritage and sustainable cultural heritage which includes physical elements (artifacts, buildings and areas with open spaces) and elements of life, economy, socio-cultural. As confirming by to the 2003 Indonesian Heritage Charter, below are the types of heritages. a. Natural heritages, which are the unique formation of the nature. b. Cultural heritages, which are the results of creativity, art, intention and special work of more than 500 ethnicities in Indonesia, both in the individuality as a part of one nation Indonesia and in the interaction with other cultures along the time of history. The cultural heritages include the tangible and intangible heritages. c. Extensive heritages (pusaka saujana), which are the combination of natural and
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