CATALYTIC COMMUNITIES: THE BIRTH OF A DOT ORG A DISSERTATION in City and Regional Planning Presented to the Faculties of the University of Pennsylvania in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy 2004 by Theresa Denise Williamson Department of City and Regional Planning University of Pennsylvania School of Design
[email protected] Doctoral Committee: Seymour Mandelbaum (Chair) Marja Hoek-Smit Thomas Reiner Sidney Wong COPYRIGHT Theresa Denise Williamson 2004 ii Dedicated to Denise and John: my best friends, my parents. iii Acknowledgements At the dinner table growing up, when we had guests over, I would occasionally count the number of languages spoken among us. Out of twelve people it was not unusual to have seven or eight languages represented. Maybe a Russian, a Peruvian, a Haitian, a Kenyan, and a Taiwanese would sit around the table jointly with my parents – my Brazilian mother and English father – and us kids. As I grew up, I found the same to be true within my own circle of friends. The conversations that bloomed and the opportunity for coexistence this inherently created in my imagination were no doubt fundamental to bringing me where I am at today: completing this “risky,” as one doctoral advisor described it, doctoral dissertation, about an organization I founded to bring communities together to exchange solutions across borders. Most of those sitting around the dinner table were economists like my parents. People who believe in numbers – and what they tell us – about the world in which we live. I lived my life to the point of preparing my Ph.D.