Comprehensive Wikipedia Monitoring for Global and Realtime Natural Disaster Detection
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Information on Natural Disasters Part- I Introduction
Information on Natural Disasters Part- I Introduction Astrology is the one that gave us the word ‘disaster’. Many believe that when the stars and planets are in malevolent position in our natal charts bad events or bad things would happen. Everyone one of us loves to avoid such bad things or disasters. The disaster is the impact of both natural and man-made events that influence our life and environment that surrounds us. Now as a general concept in academic circles, the disaster is a consequence of vulnerability and risk. The time often demands for appropriate reaction to face vulnerability and risk. The vulnerability is more in densely populated areas where if, a bad event strikes leads to greater damage, loss of life and is called as disaster. In other sparely populated area the bad event may only be a risk or hazard. Developing countries suffer the greatest costs when a disaster hits – more than 95 percent of all deaths caused by disasters occur in developing countries, and losses due to natural disasters are 20 times greater as a percentage of GDP in developing countries than in industrialized countries. A disaster can leads to financial, environmental, or human losses. The resulting loss depends on the capacity of the population to support or resist the disaster. The term natural has consequently been disputed because the events simply are not hazards or disasters without human involvement. Types of disasters Any disaster can be classified either as ‘Natural’ or ‘man-made’. The most common natural disasters that are known to the man kind are hailstorms, thunderstorm, very heavy snowfall, very heavy rainfalls, squalls, gale force winds, cyclones, heat and cold waves, earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, floods, and droughts which cause loss to property and life. -
Volcanic Gases
ManuscriptView metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE Click here to download Manuscript: Edmonds_Revised_final.docx provided by Apollo Click here to view linked References 1 Volcanic gases: silent killers 1 2 3 2 Marie Edmonds1, John Grattan2, Sabina Michnowicz3 4 5 6 3 1 University of Cambridge; 2 Aberystwyth University; 3 University College London 7 8 9 4 Abstract 10 11 5 Volcanic gases are insidious and often overlooked hazards. The effects of volcanic gases on life 12 13 6 may be direct, such as asphyxiation, respiratory diseases and skin burns; or indirect, e.g. regional 14 7 famine caused by the cooling that results from the presence of sulfate aerosols injected into the 15 16 8 stratosphere during explosive eruptions. Although accounting for fewer fatalities overall than some 17 18 9 other forms of volcanic hazards, history has shown that volcanic gases are implicated frequently in 1910 small-scale fatal events in diverse volcanic and geothermal regions. In order to mitigate risks due 20 2111 to volcanic gases, we must identify the challenges. The first relates to the difficulty of monitoring 22 2312 and hazard communication: gas concentrations may be elevated over large areas and may change 2413 rapidly with time. Developing alert and early warning systems that will be communicated in a timely 25 2614 fashion to the population is logistically difficult. The second challenge focuses on education and 27 2815 understanding risk. An effective response to warnings requires an educated population and a 2916 balanced weighing of conflicting cultural beliefs or economic interests with risk. -
Gulf of Mexico All-Hazards Coastal Risk Assessment Final Report
GULF OF MEXICO ALL-HAZARDS COASTAL RISK ASSESSMENT FINAL REPORT Prepared For: Disaster Response Center National Ocean Service National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Prepared By: Research Planning, Inc. 1121 Park St. Columbia SC 29201 30 September 2015 TABLE OF CONTENTS INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................................................... 1 RISK ESTIMATION OVERVIEW ......................................................................................................... 3 NATURAL HAZARDS .......................................................................................................................... 5 Natural Hazard Rate ............................................................................................................................ 6 Natural Hazard Severity ...................................................................................................................... 6 Tropical Storm Winds ......................................................................................................................... 7 Convective Storm Winds ..................................................................................................................... 9 Tornadoes ......................................................................................................................................... 10 Lightning ......................................................................................................................................... -
Using Technology to Motivate At-Risk Students To
Social Studies Research and Practice http://www.socstrp.org Hazard Education in 4th to 7th Grade Social Studies Courses in Turkey Adem Öcal Aksaray University, Turkey Turkey is located in one of the most significant active seismic regions in the world. The country also is subject to many other natural and manmade disasters. In 2004, the Turkish Primary Education curriculum was revised radically with hazard education being included in social studies programs. The aim of the hazard education program is to reduce the disastrous effects of disasters, develop greater hazard awareness and increase students’ knowledge of how to protect themselves when a hazard occurs. This study focuses on the aims, design and delivery of the hazard education component to fourth to seventh grade students in social studies courses in Turkey. Key words: earthquake education, elementary education, disaster, hazard education, social studies, Turkey Introduction disaster’s events (Karancı, 1999). Studies have shown that following a disaster, there can be azard education encompasses a wide changes in the social structure of communities range of natural and man-made dis- such as an increase in the divorce rate, relative H asters that create an emergency situa- changes in spiritual beliefs, and a decreasing tion. Natural disasters such as floods, earth- trust in state organizations (Kasapoğlu & quakes, fires, and tornadoes can strike a com- Ecevit, 2001). Disasters can seriously damage munity without warning. Diseases can reach a country’s economy, leading to subsequent pandemic dimensions killing millions of peo- political instability. ple in a region or across the globe in a very Turkey is potentially an extremely hazard- short time. -
Disaster Monitoring with Wikipedia and Online Social Networking Sites: Structured Data and Linked Data Fragments to the Rescue?
Disaster Monitoring with Wikipedia and Online Social Networking Sites: Structured Data and Linked Data Fragments to the Rescue? Thomas Steiner∗ Ruben Verborgh Google Germany GmbH Multimedia Lab – Ghent University – iMinds ABC Str. 19 Gaston Crommenlaan 8 bus 201 D-20355 Hamburg, Germany B-9050 Ledeberg-Ghent, Belgium [email protected] [email protected] Abstract to strengthen the UN’s response to complex emergencies and disasters. The Global Disaster Alert and Coordination In this paper, we present the first results of our on- System (GDACS)4 is “a cooperation framework between going early-stage research on a realtime disaster de- the United Nations, the European Commission, and dis- tection and monitoring tool. Based on Wikipedia, it is language-agnostic and leverages user-generated multi- aster managers worldwide to improve alerts, information media content shared on online social networking sites exchange, and coordination in the first phase after major 5 to help disaster responders prioritize their efforts. We sudden-onset disasters.” Global companies like Facebook, make the tool and its source code publicly available as Airbnb,6 or Google7 have dedicated crisis response teams we make progress on it. Furthermore, we strive to pub- that work on making critical emergency information acces- lish detected disasters and accompanying multimedia sible in times of disaster. As can be seen from the (incom- content following the Linked Data principles to facili- prehensive) list above, disaster detection and response is tate its wide consumption, redistribution, and evaluation a problem tackled on national, international, and global lev- of its usefulness. els; both from the public and private sectors. -
Understanding the Vulnerability of the Population of Afghanistan Under Multiple Natural and Anthropogenic Risks with an Indicator- Based Analysis
University of Tennessee, Knoxville TRACE: Tennessee Research and Creative Exchange Masters Theses Graduate School 5-2017 Understanding the vulnerability of the population of Afghanistan under multiple natural and anthropogenic risks with an indicator- based analysis Matthew Repine Miller University of Tennessee, Knoxville, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://trace.tennessee.edu/utk_gradthes Part of the Human Geography Commons, Nature and Society Relations Commons, and the Physical and Environmental Geography Commons Recommended Citation Miller, Matthew Repine, "Understanding the vulnerability of the population of Afghanistan under multiple natural and anthropogenic risks with an indicator-based analysis. " Master's Thesis, University of Tennessee, 2017. https://trace.tennessee.edu/utk_gradthes/4764 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate School at TRACE: Tennessee Research and Creative Exchange. It has been accepted for inclusion in Masters Theses by an authorized administrator of TRACE: Tennessee Research and Creative Exchange. For more information, please contact [email protected]. To the Graduate Council: I am submitting herewith a thesis written by Matthew Repine Miller entitled "Understanding the vulnerability of the population of Afghanistan under multiple natural and anthropogenic risks with an indicator-based analysis." I have examined the final electronic copy of this thesis for form and content and recommend that it be accepted in partial fulfillment of the equirr ements for the degree of Master of Science, with a major in Geography. Liem T. Tran, Major Professor We have read this thesis and recommend its acceptance: Robert Stewart, Ronald Kalafsky Accepted for the Council: Dixie L. -
A Database of the Economic Impacts of Historical Volcanic Eruptions M Goujon, Hajare El Hadri, Raphael Paris
A database of the economic impacts of historical volcanic eruptions M Goujon, Hajare El Hadri, Raphael Paris To cite this version: M Goujon, Hajare El Hadri, Raphael Paris. A database of the economic impacts of historical volcanic eruptions. 2021. hal-03186803 HAL Id: hal-03186803 https://hal.uca.fr/hal-03186803 Preprint submitted on 31 Mar 2021 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. C E N T R E D 'ÉTUDES ET DE RECHERCHES SUR LE DEVELOPPEMENT INTERNATIONAL SÉRIE ÉTUDES ET DOCUMENTS A database of the economic impacts of historical volcanic eruptions Hajare El Hadri Michaël Goujon Raphaël Paris Études et Documents n° 14 March 2021 To cite this document: El Hadri H., Goujon M., Paris R. (2021) “A database of the economic impacts of historical volcanic eruptions ”, Études et Documents, n°14, CERDI. CERDI POLE TERTIAIRE 26 AVENUE LÉON BLUM F- 63000 CLERMONT FERRAND TEL. + 33 4 73 17 74 00 FAX + 33 4 73 17 74 28 http://cerdi.uca.fr/ Études et Documents n°14, CERDI, 2021 The authors Hajare El Hadri Post-doctoral researcher, Université Clermont -
Smartworld.Asia Specworld.In
Smartworld.asia Specworld.in LECTURE NOTES ON DISASTER MANAGEMENT III B. Tech I semester (JNTU-R13) smartworlD.asia Smartzworld.com 1 jntuworldupdates.org Smartworld.asia Specworld.in UNIT-1 Environmental hazard' is the state of events which has the potential to threaten the surrounding natural environment and adversely affect people's health. This term incorporates topics like pollution and natural disasters such as storms and earthquakes. Hazards can be categorized in five types: 1. Chemical 2. Physical 3. Mechanical 4. Biological 5. Psychosocial What are chemical hazards and toxic substances? Chemical hazards and toxic substances pose a wide range of health hazards (such as irritation, sensitization, and carcinogenicity) and physical hazards (such as flammability, corrosion, and reactivity). This page provides basic information about chemical hazards and toxic substances in the workplace. While not all hazards associated with every chemical and toxic substance are addressed here, we do provide relevant links to other pages with additional information about hazards and methods to control exposure in the workplace. A natural disaster is a major adverse event resulting from natural processes of the Earth; examples includesmartworlD.asia floods, volcanic eruptions, earthquakes, tsunamis, and other geologic processes. A natural disaster can cause loss of life or property damage, and typically leaves some economic damage in its wake, the severity of which depends on the affected population's resilience, or ability to recover.[1] An adverse event will not rise to the level of a disaster if it occurs in an area without vulnerable population.[2][3][4] In a vulnerable area, however, such as San Francisco, an earthquake can have disastrous consequences and leave lasting damage, requiring years to repair. -
Reducing Disaster Risk a Challenge for Development
A GLOBAL REPORT REDUCING DISASTER RISK A CHALLENGE FOR DEVELOPMENT United Nations Development Programme Bureau for Crisis Prevention and Recovery www.undp.org/bcpr Copyright © 2004 United Nations Development Programme Bureau for Crisis Prevention and Recovery One United Nations Plaza New York, NY 10017, USA www.undp.org/bcpr The views expressed in this report are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent those of the United Nations and the United Nations Development Programme. ISBN 92-1-126160-0 Printed by John S. Swift Co., USA THE PREPARATION TEAM FOR REDUCING DISASTER RISK: A CHALLENGE FOR DEVELOPMENT A GLOBAL REPORT Editorial Advisory Board: Andrew Maskrey Editorial team: Mark Pelling, Andrew Maskrey, (chair), Angeles Arenas, Mihir Bhatt,Thomas Pablo Ruiz and Lisa Hall Brennan, Omar Dario Cardona, Maxx Dilley, Ailsa Holloway, Kamal Kishore, Allan Lavell, Kenneth Statistical team: Pascal Peduzzi, Hy Dao, Westgate, Ben Wisner and Jennifer Worrell Frederic Mouton and Christian Herold UNDP Internal Advisory Committee: Graphic design: Colonial Communications Sam Amoo, Christina Carlson, Philip Dobie, Corp. and Stephane Kluser Pascal Girot, Abdul Hannan, Santosh Mehrotra, Maxine Olson, Eric Patrick, Jean-Claude Rogivue, Production: Marc Harris Andrew Russell, Ruby Sandhu-Rojon, Stephane Vigie and Zhe Yang Copy editing: Paula L. Green FOREWORD Natural disasters exert an enormous toll on development. In doing so, they pose a significant threat to prospects for achieving the Millennium Development Goals in particular, the overarching target of halving extreme poverty by 2015. Annual economic losses associated with such disasters averaged US$ 75.5 billion in the 1960s, US$ 138.4 billion in the 1970s, US$ 213.9 billion in the 1980s and US$ 659.9 billion in the 1990s. -
Artifacts and Natural Disasters in Nigeria: the Riverine Experiences
International Journal of Social Sciences and Management Research Vol. 4 No. 8 2018 ISSN: 2545-5303 www.iiardpub.org Artifacts and Natural Disasters in Nigeria: The Riverine Experiences Eluozo Collins Department of curriculum and Instructional Technology (Science Education Option) Faculty of Education Ignatius Ajuru University of Education, Port Harcourt, Nigeria [email protected], [email protected] Abstract Nigeria is a country endowed with enormous natural resources located in the Western Sub- Sahara of Africa. The country is conceived to have existed before 1100 years before Christ. The country Nigeria and its environs is characterized by multiethnic diversity and diverse history of religious beliefs. The country was cohered by the British missionaries and it was granted independence in 1960 and a republic in 1963. Nigeria’s land mass is featured by dry, costal and swampy ecosystem. According to the holy bible, God used disasters to punish and cleanse the planet earth due to man’s disobedience and till date mankind has not found solutions to various types of artifact and natural disasters that have besieged the planet. How these disasters erupts, unlash mayhems and devastate the earth was the focal point of the study. The paper discussed lithosphere disasters, artifacts, atmospheric and hydrosphere disasters, there various impacts on the riverine communities and disasters benefits as well losses. The paper concluded with recommendations that could foster purposive solutions that can help in containing these catastrophes against mankind. Keywords: Nigeria, Disasters, Bible. Planet, NEMA, Artifact, Natural, Flood, Fire, Lithosphere, Hydrosphere, Atmosphere, Earthquake, Sinkholes, Terrorism, Volcanic, Eruption. Cataclysmic, Storms, Temperature. Introduction Nigeria is a country located in the sub-Saharan of the West Africa, endowed with all natural resources for human existence. -
Detecting Gas-Rich Hydrothermal Vents in Ngozi Crater Lake Using
www.nature.com/scientificreports OPEN Detecting gas-rich hydrothermal vents in Ngozi Crater Lake using integrated exploration tools Received: 16 May 2019 Egbert Jolie1,2,3 Accepted: 7 August 2019 Gas-rich hydrothermal vents in crater lakes might pose an acute danger to people living nearby due Published: xx xx xxxx to the risk of limnic eruptions as a result of gas accumulation in the water column. This phenomenon has been reported from several incidents, e.g., the catastrophic Lake Nyos limnic eruption. CO2 accumulation has been determined from a variety of lakes worldwide, which does not always evolve in the same way as in Lake Nyos and consequently requires a site-specifc hazard assessment. This paper discusses the current state of Lake Ngozi in Tanzania and presents an efcient approach how major gas-rich hydrothermal feed zones can be identifed based on a multi-disciplinary concept. The concept combines bathymetry, thermal mapping of the lake foor and gas emission studies on the water surface. The approach is fully transferable to other volcanic lakes, and results will help to identify high-risk areas and develop suitable monitoring and risk mitigation measures. Due to the absence of a chemical and thermal stratifcation of Lake Ngozi the risk of limnic eruptions is rather unlikely at present, but an adapted monitoring concept is strongly advised as sudden CO2 input into the lake could occur as a result of changes in the magmatic system. Intense gas emissions at the geosphere-atmosphere interface is a common process in volcanically and tectoni- 1 cally active regions. -
Illustrations of the History of Medieval Thought And
ILLUSTRATIONS OF THE HISTORY OF MEDIEVAL THOUGHT AND LEARNING First Published I88o Sew Edition, Revised x920 Reprinted I'J.12 ILLUSTRATIONS OF THE HISTORY OF MEDIEVAL THOUGHT AND LEARNING BY REGINALD LANE POOLE LONDON SOCIETY FOR PROMOTING CHRISTIAN KNOWLEDGE N~:W YORK: THR l\lAC!ll!LLAN COMPANY Printed in Great Britai,1 by Phototype Limited, Barnet, Herts. PREFACE. To republish a book after a lapse of thirty-six years can only be excused by the fact that it has long been out of print and that it is still asked for. When a new edition was proposed to me, my first intention was to issue the book as it stood, with no more change than the correction of obvious mis takes. But further consideration showed me that a good deal more than this was necessary if it was to be republished at all. Such revision, however, as I have made has been designedly made with a sparing hand, and the book remains in substance and in most details a work not of 1920 but of 1884. Had I written it now, the point of view would not have been quite the same. A large literature on the subjects I dealt with has appeared in the interval, and a fresh examination of the materials would certainly have recommended a different selection of 'illustrations' from that which I made then. It was indeed fortunate that I gave the book the title of Illustrations, because it made no claim to be a coherent history, though it has sometimes been mistaken for one.