Karnataka State Highway Improvement Project III – Proposed Terms of References Shanivarasanthe to Madikkeri Section of SH 27 and to border Section of SH 85

Proposed Terms of Reference for EIA Studies 1 Introduction Government of , through the Government of India has received in principle approval for a second loan of about US $ 350 million from Asian development bank (ADB) towards Karnataka State Highways Improvement Project III (KSHIP III) for developing state road network adopting innovative financial models under public private participation (PPP). The project road starts at Sringeri at km 92+500 of SH 27 and ends at at km 36+700 of SH27 in the state of Karnataka. The total length of the project road is 55.80 km.

2. Screening of the Project as per the EIA Notification, 2006

Since the proposed project is for the expansion of existing State Highway passes in hilly terrain (above 1000 m AMSL) and ecological sensitive areas, it falls under Category “B” as per the EIA Notification 2006 and moreover it satisfies the general conditions for appraisal of Category B as Category A project i.e., project is located inpart within 5 km from the boundary of i) Protected area notified under the Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972; and (iii) Eco-sensitive areas as notified under sub-section (2) of section 3 of the Environment (Protection) Act, 1986. Hence the project becomes Category A and requires environmental clearance from MoEF&CC. An EIA Report is to be prepared and Public Hearing is to be conducted for the project as per the EIA Notification.

3. Scope of the EIA Study

Scope of the detailed EIA study includes the following:  Delineating the Project Impact Zone (project’s deemed area of influence) by reviewing the project activities.  Establishing the existing environmental setting of the Project Impact Zone (PIZ) based on information obtained from primary data and compilation of secondary data.  Identifying and evaluating the potential environmental impacts of the project during pre-construction, construction and operational phases and formulating appropriate mitigation measures.  Identifying and evaluating various alignment/ bypass options to minimize impacts on environmental and social profile of the PIZ.  Identifying the requirements of various environmental regulations applicable to the project and identifying the environmental clearances required for the project.  Preparation of an effective Environmental Management Plan (EMP) including an Environmental Monitoring Plan and proposing an institutional framework for proper implementation and monitoring of mitigation measures.  Preparation of cost estimates for the implementation of mitigation measures suggested in the EMP, including the Environmental Monitoring Plan.

4. Methodology

The objective of this study is to assess the potential environmental impacts due to the proposed highway improvement and prepare an Environment Impact Assessment (EIA) Report and Environmental

1 Karnataka State Highway Improvement Project III – Proposed Terms of References Shanivarasanthe to Madikkeri Section of SH 27 and Somwarpet to Kodagu district border Section of SH 85

Management Plan (EMP) incorporating appropriate mitigation, monitoring and management measures. The Methodology for the EIA shall be formulated based on the guidelines as envisaged by the MoEF&CC. The methodology for carrying out the EIA study comprises the following tasks: 1. Review of Proposed Activities 2. Delineation of Study Area for Assessment 3. Field Reconnaissance and Review of Earlier Studies 4. Review of Applicable Regulations and Screening of the Project 5. Assessing Baseline Environmental and Social Conditions 6. Identifying and Evaluating Environmental and Social Impacts 7. Identification and evaluation of Alternatives 8. Preparation of Environment Management Plan (EMP) 9. Preparation of Environmental Monitoring and Evaluation Plan These tasks are discussed in detail in the following sections. Task 1. Review of Proposed Activities The objective of this review is to formulate an approach to conduct the EIA and the data requirements for the same. Key aspects of conducting EIA such as delineation of study area, formulation of survey requirements for baseline environmental conditions etc. are all guided by the proposed project and its salient features. Feasibility report prepared for the project will be analysed in relation to the base line environmental conditions of the project area. A thorough understanding of the proposed project activities will be made by the review of the Feasibility Report and discussions with the concerned officials. Task 2. Delineation of Study Area for Assessment Delineation of the study area for the Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) is critical in order to predict the impacts of the proposed project. Since the influence area varies for each of the environmental component, a study area covering 15 km with proposed project corridor as the centre will be delineated for carrying out the EIA Study. The study area will be clearly marked in a suitable map to scale such as Survey of India Toposheet / Google Earth image. Task 3. Field Reconnaissance and Review of Earlier Studies The approach to the entire study will be formulated based on a detailed field reconnaissance and thorough understanding of the project area. The reconnaissance survey carried out by a team of environmental experts will identify the environmental and other sensitive features located within influence area of the project. The task will also review the earlier studies and documents relevant to the study. Available secondary data of the study area including, general reference maps, District Planning maps, Survey of India Toposheets, Forest and Wildlife Sanctuary maps, air quality and water quality monitoring data from State Pollution Control Board, District Census Handbook, District Statistical Handbook, State of the Environment Report / District Environmental Profile Reports prepared by State Environment Department etc. will be collected and reviewed. The project road alignment will be overlaid on Google Earth for easily identifying the land use and sensitive features along the project road.

2 Karnataka State Highway Improvement Project III – Proposed Terms of References Shanivarasanthe to Madikkeri Section of SH 27 and Somwarpet to Kodagu district border Section of SH 85

The output of the task will thus be a detailed description of the environmental features of the project influence area, present and proposed land uses, industrial and development initiatives in the area and other environmental sensitive features. Task 4. Review of Applicable Regulations and Screening of the Project A review of all environmental laws / regulations / policies in India and the Project State that may affect / influence the project environment both during preparation and implementation stages would be carried out in this task. The review of rules and regulations that would be reviewed includes,  Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1974  Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1981  Wildlife Protection Act, 1972  Forest (Conservation) Act, 1980 - as amended in 1988  The Environment (Protection) Act, 1986  Hazardous Wastes (Management & Handling) Rules, 1989;  Manufacture, Storage and Import of Hazardous Chemicals Rules, 1989  Noise Pollution (Regulation and Control) Rules, 2000  Environmental Impact Assessment Notification, 2006 The following policies / guidelines will also be reviewed under this task.  CPCB and State PCB guidelines  National Policy on Rehabilitation and Resettlement of People  Guidelines for Environmental Impact Assessment of Highway Projects, IRC: 104 - 1988.  Recommended Practice for Treatment of Embankment slopes for erosion control, IRC: 36 – 1974.  Recommended Practice for Borrow pits for Road Embankment for Road manual operation, IRC: 10 – 1961.  Recommended Practice for the construction of Earth Embankments for Road Works, IRC: 36 – 1970.  Highway Safety Code, IRC, special publication no. 44.  Guidelines on Bulk Bitumen Transportation and Storage Equipment, IRC, special publication 39.  Recommended Practice for Tools Equipment and Appliances for Concrete Pavement Construction, IRC: 43 – 1972.  Recommended Practice for use and Upkeep of Equipment, Tools and Appliances for Bituminous Pavement Construction, IRC: 72 – 1978. Road Accident Forms A - 1 and IRC: 33 – 1982. The regulatory assessment would give an input to document the regulations applicable and to provide an insight on the information to be furnished with the relevant authorities for approval / clearance. Screening and categorization of the project will be carried out as per the EIA Notification, 2006 and as per the World Bank Guidelines. Preliminary review of the project proposal with respect to the above regulations reveals that the project

3 Karnataka State Highway Improvement Project III – Proposed Terms of References Shanivarasanthe to Madikkeri Section of SH 27 and Somwarpet to Kodagu district border Section of SH 85 requires the following clearances. Preliminary Assessment of Requirements of Applicable Environmental Regulations Regulation Requirement 1. EIA Notification, 2006 This project falls under Category “A” in the Schedule of EIA Notification 2006 and requires environmental clearance from MoEF&CC. Public Hearing is required for the project as per the notification. 2. Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972 Recommendation of Standing Committee of NBWL is required, since the project road crosses the tiger corridor identified by NTCA 2. Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Consent to establish is required from the Act, 1974 Karanataka State Pollution Control Board. 3. Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Consent to establish is required from the Act, 1981 Karnataka State Pollution Control Board. 4. The Forest (conservation) Act, 1980 Clearance is required from MoEF&CC through Karnataka State Forest Department for diversion of forest land for geometrical improvements of the project road 5. The Karnataka Forest Produce Transit Rules, Prior Clearance is required from Karnataka 1969 / The Karnataka Preservation of Trees Forest Department for cutting of trees within Act, 1976. the existing RoW and their transportation. Task 5. Assessing Baseline Environmental and Social Conditions Baseline environmental profile of the project influenced area will be prepared for the area delineated in the earlier task and will comprise the following.  Physical Environmental Profile in terms of meteorology, ambient air quality, noise levels, surface and sub-surface water quality, soil characteristics, geology, hydrology, topography, etc.  Biological Environmental Profile in terms of flora and fauna and ecologically sensitive locations  Socio-Economic and Public Health Characteristics in terms of industry, economy, and health profile Field surveys and inventories will be conducted and relevant secondary information will be collected to establish the physical and biological environmental profile and socio-economic characteristics of the project influence area. Various Government departments including Department of Environment & Forests, (Inventory of Flora & Fauna of the project area, endangered / extinct species, species conservation, afforestation scheme), State Pollution Control Board (Water & Air Quality, noise level of the project influenced area / Pollution), Revenue Department (Evaluation of land cost / entitlement methods), Agriculture Department (soil quality, agricultural practices etc.) and Department of Health and Family welfare (Endemic diseases of the project influenced area, water borne diseases) would be consulted for the necessary secondary data Discussions with the officials, NGO’s and local public will also be carried out as part of this task. Baseline environmental monitoring will be carried out along the project road as per the MoEF&CC guidelines. The monitoring locations will be selected by identifying the land use and environmentally

4 Karnataka State Highway Improvement Project III – Proposed Terms of References Shanivarasanthe to Madikkeri Section of SH 27 and Somwarpet to Kodagu district border Section of SH 85 sensitive features present along the project road. List of locations tentatively identified to carry out environmental monitoring along the project road is presented in the following table. Details of Locations Identified for Baseline Environmental Monitoring

Sl. Environmental Monitoring Frequency of Monitoring Locations & No. Attribute Parameters Monitoring Environmental Setting

1 Ambient Air PM10, PM2.5, PM10, PM2.5, – 1. Gopalpura: Near to Government Quality SO2, NOX, CO, Continuous 24- Primary & High School (km HC hour samples, 90+430 of SH 27), Rural twice a week for Settlement. three months. 2. Somwarpet: At Junction between SO2, NOX, CO SH 27 and SH 85, at the end point and HC – of SH 85 (km 224+000) Continuous 8- hour samples for 3. Gonimarur: Near to State Bank 24 hours, twice a of Mysore week for three 4. Aigoor: Near to Govt. PU month. College, Govt. Primary School and Govt. School at Aigur (km 61+250 of SH 27), Rural Settlement. 2 Noise Levels Noise Levels Continuous Same 4 locations where Ambient in dB (A). hourly samples Air Quality monitoring conducting. for 24 hours (Near sensitive receptors) 3 Ground Water Physical, Once at every 1. Gopalpura: Hand pump at Rural Quality Chemical and location Settlement Bacteriological parameters for 2. Somwarpet: Urban Settlement Drinking 3. Gonimarur: Near to Reserve Water. Forest location 4 Surface Water Physical, Once at every 1. Madapur: Stream crossing, SH27 Quality Chemical and location Bacteriological parameters for Drinking Water. 5 Soil Quality Parameters Once at every 1. Gopalpura: Rural Settlement related to location 2. Somwarpet: Urban Settlement agricultural & afforestation 3. Gonimarur: Near to Reserve potential Forest location Aigoor: Rural Settlement

Proposed baseline environmental monitoring locations are presented in the figure given below.

5 Karnataka State Highway Improvement Project III – Shanivarasanthe to Madikkeri Proposed Terms of References Section of SH 27 and Somwarpet to Kodagu district border Section of SH 85

Proposed Baseline Environmental Monitoring Locations

Legend Monitoring Parameters Pkg 6 - Shanivarasanthe to Sl Name of the Surface Ground Soil Air Noise Madikkeri Road (SH 27) No. Locations Water Water Quality and Somwarpet to Kodagu Quality Level District Border Road (SH Quality Quality 85) 1 Gopalpura     2 Somwarpet     3 Gonimaru     4 Aigoor    Environmental Monitoring Locations 5 Madapur 

6 6 Karnataka State Highway Improvement Project III – Proposed Terms of References Shanivarasanthe to Madikkeri Section of SH 27 and Somwarpet to Kodagu district border Section of SH 85

A. Physical Environmental Profile a) Meteorology The meteorological parameters such as temperature, rainfall, relative humidity, wind speed and direction, solar radiation, etc. will be collected from the nearest India Meteorological Department Offices. b) Ambient Air Quality, Noise Level, and Water Quality In addition to the data generated from baseline environmental monitoring, ambient air quality, noise level and water quality data of the project area will be collected from the State Pollution Control Board / Central Pollution Control Board. All the available data from the previous studies undertaken in the area will be utilized. Air quality, noise level and water quality data for the project area will be compared with the relevant CPCB standards. c) Geology and Soil Quality Geological information of the study area will be collected from Geological Survey of India and District Planning Maps prepared by National Atlas and Thematic Mapping Organization. Soil characteristics in the study area will be assessed based on the data collected from Agricultural Department and the data generated from baseline environmental monitoring. Soil quality will be assed with respect to afforestation potential and pollution level of the project area. d) Landuse The following data on landuse pattern will be collected in a radius of 10 km around the proposed project site:  Forest, vegetation, plantation areas  Bio reserves / ecological reserves  Water Bodies  Built-up areas  Waste Land  Agricultural lands  Wet Lands  Existing Industries A land use strip plan will be prepared for the entire length of the project road. All the sensitive receptors such as educational institutions, hospitals, religious places etc. along the project road will be identified and marked in the strip plan. B. Biological Environmental Profile a) Terrestrial Ecology Secondary information on terrestrial flora and fauna will be collected from the Forest Department and District Gazetteers. An inventory of trees within the existing as well as proposed RoW of the project road will be conducted. The inventory will be prepared chainage-wise noting the species and girth size of the trees.

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Karnataka State Highway Improvement Project III – Proposed Terms of References Shanivarasanthe to Madikkeri Section of SH 27 and Somwarpet to Kodagu district border Section of SH 85

Sampling of vegetation will be done using selected samples of 100 m x 10 m belt transects for tree species, 10 m x 10 m quadrants for shrub species and 1 m x 1 m quadrants for herb species in naturally vegetated areas for identifying any endangered species of flora. The inventory of animal species will be prepared based on the following methodology:  Direct observation during the field visits  Evidences based on pug marks and animal excreta  Interviewing the local villagers and forest officials  Secondary sources such as published literature on the fauna Secondary information on terrestrial flora and fauna will be collected from the Forest Department and District Gazetteers. b) Aquatic Ecology Data on aquatic life of the water bodies in the project area will be collected from published research papers. C. Socio-Economic and Public Health Conditions The socio-economic conditions in the project area will be established through collection & review of secondary / published data such as District Census Handbook, District Gazetteer, District Statistical Handbook, Industrial Development Plans etc. The socio-economic conditions evaluated will include demography, occupational structure, literacy status, civic amenities, etc. Public health status of the project influence area with regards to the sanitation, health and safety will also be assessed. Stakeholder consultations will be conducted at various levels. These stakeholders include PAPs, project benefited people, Government officials, local NGOs etc. Consultation will be carried out through various methods and processes as follows:  Discussing with individuals during project appreciation and surveying  Focus group discussions at various locations with prior notice  Combined formal consultations Each of the public consultations will be recorded with minutes and evidenced by photographs. The output of this task is to formulate a socio economic profile of the project area. This profile will further supplement the efforts to assess the Social Impact of the project in the social assessment of the project proposals. Task 6. Identifying and Evaluating Environmental and Social Impacts With the baseline environmental profile of the project area as the base and analysis of the primary and secondary data collected, impacts of the proposed project on physical, biological and socio-economic environmental components will be identified. The assessment will include the entire negative and positive impacts likely to result from the proposed project improvements. Based on these, the impacts will be categorised in terms of magnitude and significance. The direct impacts resulting from construction, operation and maintenance of various infrastructure works and the indirect impacts resulting from socio-economic and cultural changes will be identified. The impact assessment will be carried out for

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Karnataka State Highway Improvement Project III – Proposed Terms of References Shanivarasanthe to Madikkeri Section of SH 27 and Somwarpet to Kodagu district border Section of SH 85 construction and operation stages of the project. Matrix method of impact identification will be used to identify the impacts as they provide cause-effect relationships between the various project activities and their impacts on environmental attributes. They also facilitate impact measurement, interpretation and evaluation to communicate the result in an easily understandable format. All the predicted impacts with magnitude and significance will be summarised in a matrix form for each of the project activity and its impact on the environmental attribute. Task 7. Identification and Evaluation of Alternatives Based on the predicted impacts of the proposed improvements to the project road, alternative alignment options will be identified for environmentally and socially sensitive locations such as built up areas, forest / wildlife areas, water bodies etc. The alternative alignment options will be evaluated based on their environmental and social sensitivity and the best suitable option will be recommended for implementation. Task 8. Preparation of Environment Management Plan (EMP) Based on the identified potential impacts associated with the project, an Environmental Management Plan (EMP) will be framed for the pre-construction and operations phases of the project. The EMP will address mitigation measures for each area i.e. air, water, soil, noise, solid waste, green belt, etc., separately, covering all relevant aspects as per the recommendations and requirement of MoEF&CC. Various pollution control measures will be identified to reduce the potential adverse impacts of the proposed project. The EMP will include:  Analysis of the various mitigation measures and recommendation of feasible and cost effective measures.  Budgetary estimates for implementation  Institutional mechanism for monitoring the EMP Task 9. Preparation of Environmental Monitoring and Evaluation Plan While the EMP proposes to mitigate the anticipated impacts of the proposed project interventions, a monitoring plan will be prepared to ensure that the impacts of the project are within the regulatory standards. In order to achieve this, a Monitoring Plan for each of the major environmental attribute to be significantly affected will be prepared. The plan will indicate:  Type of monitoring needs for potential environmental impacts during the implementation stage  Attributes to be monitored and the method and frequency of the same  Infrastructure requirements including equipment needed for post-project monitoring  Cost estimates for implementing the monitoring requirements; and  Agency responsible to review the reports and to take corrective action if any. The Monitoring Plan will help to identify the residual impacts after implementing all suggested mitigation measures in the EMP. 5. Preparation of EIA Report

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Karnataka State Highway Improvement Project III – Proposed Terms of References Shanivarasanthe to Madikkeri Section of SH 27 and Somwarpet to Kodagu district border Section of SH 85

The EIA Report will be presented as recommended by MoEF&CC in Appendix III of the EIA Notification dated 14th September, 2006.

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