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WHEREIN ARE PRESENTED THE LIKENESSES OF THREE WHO HAVE DRUNK FROM THE FOAMING FOUNT OF THE DEPARTMENT OF PLANT PATHOLOGY OF THE UNIVERSITY OF MINNESOTA AND WHO GUIDED THE SPOUTINGS OF OTHERS IN THESE PAGES FROM THE ORIGINAL ERUPTION ON THE FIRST DAY OF AUGUST IN THE YEAR 1924 ' THROUGH THE MONTH OF JULY IN 1926

Helen Hart A. W. Henry, Chairman H. A. Rodenhiser

Caught in a moment of recollection, rumination, or raspiration on the occasion of the reunion of Old Timers at Ithaca in September of 1952, these three wei-e the mycelium, the stipe, and the pileus of the original editorial committee of this illustrious journal!

In Tribute to Them LETTHE FOUNT FOAM AND NEVER RUN DRY LET THE SPOUT SQUIRT AND NEVER LOSE POWER - - 28, No. 2 AURORA SPOUALIS Oc tober-December, 1552 OLD TLlvIERS

C6RISTl;lAS is gone, but it was not for- Dr. IJoman Krog, Niagara Chemical llivi- gotten by Old Tiners. JOYEUX NWL et sion, niddleport, N. Ye, writes that -0.JNE ANiEE came by ship and plane to he and his family are the owners of a Phytobrickhaus erectus "and particu- beautiful home with five upstairs bed- larly to survivors of P. trenuloidestf rooas, surr~undzdby about 10 acres of from Pakistan, Palestine, Hziti, Porto fruit tr~es. Sounds like a dream come Rico, and Surina~;frcm New Lealand, true for the Krogs.Also--the Thursday !::npland, and Canada; from India, U.S.A., night seminar always welcomes the op- Colonbia, Peru, Losta Rico,and Mexico. portunityb judge the qualihy of fruit, We thank you all, and to each of you a especially that grown by Old Tiqers.

GSLUNKIG *VIEVJJAAR Seven pounds of 30Y was born Novernbe-5 at ilvansville, ~Viinnesota, to J~YIand Recollections from Lyle W, R. Jackson, Norma (former Secretary) EAIAII. of ktliens, Goor6,ia: ttReaember how Jonas (~hristo nost of us) used to sing '1 Not satisfied to be in the northerly dont t want to go honet while he was region of -dinonton, Alberta, dr. ti. B. ch~sin~;iielminth. spores? Dr. Freemant s S~i(3'OiiD--once a ~"iinncsotapot~to boy-- corn cob pipes? diss Dosdall and those drove to the Yukon Territory this fall, musty herberium specimens! Does Stak- to visit the new sub-station 100 miles man still strui~clewith those calabash west of N~itehorse. Also visited Fair- pipes. HemenSer the big black cigars bznks and Skagway. he brought into Serninar?...Also remem- ber the inter camgus rattler on those Yot since he left biinnesota for Sgypt mornings when it was 20 below zero." in darcb had we heard fr0.n 3r. Isnail kli IBRAHI.4, known to his playnates in Tobacoo-man Tonny ~~~4 of Florence, Plant Path as Ish-mish, In the Faculty South Carolina, has been delving after of Agriculture at Shatby, Alexandria, neqatodes while in Washington recently. he wrote in November, "1 miss every one Any con~ectionwith those strings that of the gang and I miss the seminars e.iierre from our ciqarettes every now very much." and then? rioTt COHEN movcdin November fron River.- Paul and Llencncia SISG 1;iS are ncw at side, CaXornia, to Lake Alfred, Pla., hoqe at Tula 108, Colonia Las ~~iitras, to w~rkon quick decline of citrus for Aonterrey, ~4exico. Sags hk: "1 have ;he rlnnt Protection Board--so our in- retired fron writing squibs." former stated. Since confirned by Ur. Cohen hiriself! dd A Jlj, ,hS, of liast Lansing, Plichi~an, senta thesis; ar.d his wife sent gre-t- The Uarleys at Riverside, California, inr:s . celebratedin November tilcir third year in one house, which they state is a The how address of new (33 Ti~er14erle record for then. I.IIcJA ,LSOW is 8 West urive, Colu.nbia, l~issouri, He says, "We have enjoyed "Mqyour winter be mild and your pleas- our brief introductory acquaintance urss many. Should either not be so, with rlissouri. cone t,o Ohio whcre the slow of intel- lectual enlightenqent brightens the Su~arcane smut and have oc- darkest day, and dulls the sharpest cupied the time of disa HLRSCSI~OR;~, wind, rendering all things balmy. 'I of ~?stelar,Argentina. "We have here --Pat (iulrs. C. C. )ALLISON lately the visit of ur. aorlaug and other people...and you can! imagine th& Former Secretary Shirlee E'reeberg has there is no come together without re- become lYrs, Thompson, now living in aembering ivlinn. P1, Path, " Stanchfield, Minnesota. Most recent Old-Tiner secretary is ~qrs. Although fJero may have made rnusic in Robert (~eva)SPIER, who has returned Rome, c\ld timer Glen HLv~JRICK swears to Colunbia, L'4issoi~ri,and is now Ex- thst he was p& to work in-nediately upon ecutive Secretary of the Camp Fire arrival there. Living now on one of Girls. the historic seven has, the Hernericks hsve shopped intensively for a house F'roa the Instkut9 A~ropecuarioNaciond with a view, the latter, according to in Suatenala, nsw Old 'liner iS,arco F1,ORES tne Ronans, being more iaportant than requested on Ncvenber 23, I1Please do glumb in&. not for::,& to send ae Aurora, because the one we hsve here is &ferent.tf We The newly formed University of Karachi, ~dnitours of necessity must be cn a Pakistan, boasCs two ~~linnesotaOld lower plane! Timers: Ur. S. J. hasanain as Reader (Associate ~rofessor)and Dr. A.d.Anwc Erox Tuskegee Institute, Tuskegee,dla- Lecturer. Dr. S. F. Hassan (hr~war's bama (Box sol), Lavaniel L. h6N3,-,1cSOi( altar ego) and Dr. Bbdul Kausar are in tookkne from hb teaching and research the PlantProtcction Ucpartrnent as ?re- to send a Happy New Year and to pay viously. tribute to old tilners Girn Lyle and Dick Davidson for literature they have pro- B. kirriarr VUiGCE, of Dayton, Ohio, has vided. been :nade &&or-in-Chief of -The Ameri- -can Biologx T~acher. He heard -ti?&Big riore recently, the s&Te Uavidsqn "has Chi'cf: spout to bicilogy teachors asse:n&d joined the zdxinistrative steff of Bat- at the AAAS xeetings in St. Louis. telle Instjtuti to coordinate relations betwL-,en Battelle and its sponsors of Clairn eo membership in the Yroud Order agricultural ar,a biological research. 'I of Grandparentis comes from 14onica and --Science Dec. 12 D. f Olaf AAMODT, of Idashington, C., who state their grandson is 7 months o1.d. If you are hun~ry,read "Can we nake the elrth fed us all?'! in the Satur- Clyde SHU~iffi~ilXof rine City, ~linnesota, day .,vening Yost d Oct~ksrl8 and 12arn adrnitted whcn he was in St. raul re- wh& Old Tirners Dutch 3hiZRAR and Norxm cently th& he also hed cr~dtrr~tialsen- BORUITG art: doing in 1'4exico r.9 help titlinc hi^ to rnembtrship. If we re- answdr the quest ion aff irnetively. .nernbr;.r correctly, it w?s breerr,ar: Wciss who thot tit w;!s First Old-Tiner 3rand- In rcsponsetc letters fro% the Seminar papi,whersas ye Editors clai~~edit was to several rid tilners, we ,;ot (1) ad- Paul riterson. Xno else wants to join mir2tion of ow letterhead from A, W. this honarable order of the rocking KHXIPLC)W, (2) insults to the Gopher chair l footballtem from L.S. Chuckie HOLTON, and (3) a beautiful (2nd Ke nope good) As the presses begin to roll, we proud& check for 910.09 from Cogt WILSON. present tomorrow's news todzy: At the cereaonies narkine the dedicetion of Lt. Gol. kf. W. CHRISTCrlIER, whose move the Agricult~urdLibrary on January 114, to Triplcr Arxy Hospital in Honolulil the Univr;r&y of dinnesota win. presbnt ~asa~nouncad in cur last issue, finds Atstanding Bchkveacnt Awards to three hi~sdfl'wandering; around gazing zt the @ant pathology postgr&duates: meny pieces of a~paratus in amazeaent H. A. 3odenhiser and wonder. " iTLs address (and we ought Ralph ill, Lindgren to char~e hin for space) is 3256 j. G. Harrar A.U.S.C. 30x 276, Tri&r Amy Hospi- tal, P.PO 328 c/o PPI, Stin E'rancisco! "The hospkal is the lergcst, newest and .nost completely equipped one in the amed sLrvices," and our old ti.ner is Chief of the Clinical LaSoratory. RZORGANIZATiOW OF T3E D5PARTL~I.iNT OF From a frequency standpoint, rust ASRICULTU RF: headed thelist of papers given. Rust- experts S. Goto, cave S,nith, and 0. The Deprtment of Agriculture has Sosa, fortified by the epxbrt opinions been reorganized and rencmed, It is of A.C.S., astounded the neophytes and now tile Institute of d~;riculture, The anazed the Lnossbacks with tiieir dis- new dean is Harold ;lacy as dean B3iley coveries and discussions. Late-blight retired Dccenber 31, 195'2. aaas seoond in frequency distribution, with Ollnsted and Thurston presenting The D-an of the Institut~has five papers on spraying and epidemiology. aajor assistants:-- 1. The Uirocbr of the Agricultural Leon Wood told the seminar pinat is 5kp:;rinent Station, Dr. H. J. Slo~ne. being done to protect that priceless 2, The director of ~~esidentIn- precursor of the golden brew (barley) struction, which includes the College from tht: ravages of disease. Bob Skiles of Acriculture, Forestry and Hone Cco- (recently of Lolonbia, S. ~merica)sm- nomics and the Officeof Short Courses, rnarized his work on viruses of straw- Dr, A. A. Dowell. Xenry Sckritz, for- b~rries;Chuck Logsdon t& of the dif- merly Dean, is now President of the ficulties of correlating plant in^ date University of bJ2snin:ton. wit'; potato ring rot savcrity; and Bob 3. An Assistant Dean of tho Insti- Lam7bcll brought us up to date on the tute, T. i$. kenskz, who >sill function activities of bh~ltraquLrcinar Yred as Adninistrztivc Assistant to the lrosheiser (from the wilds of ~!~oming) Dezn. He will be responsibls for cer- described a new soybean disease in tain adqinistr~tive units 2nd for the lvlinne~ota--brown rot, and Riley Konerza coordinstion, inttr,rotion and scper- 2nazt;d King and the seninar with the vision of schools of 2~;riculture and large number of pea dis~asesthzt he outlying expt rirent stations. found prevalent on his pea survey this . An Assistant Dean in Charm of su:nmer . the School of Veterin2ry iledicine. This position is vacant, as Dr. W. L. Oldti-ner Irvin L. h'orbes, Associate Boyd retired Junz 30, 1952. Uir.,ctor.af the Louisiana Station, gave 5'. btensbn Director, 14r. Paul ~$Iiller. the stxinar anintcr~stingt& on agri- The teachin{; and rcsim-ch divisions culture 2nd various patholozical prob- are now designated as dcp~rt~ents,and lems in Louisiana. the top nan 2s Head. &re proofs that Tuosdzy seninar is (Asks Eide, "Will the Big Chief be Big not an entirely inf lexiblt. irlstitution sad? 'I) are these: In addition to a drastic ck.an~,e in credits (2 to I), another milkstone was marked off reccntly,when fIYc graduzte students prcpared 2nd pre- ThL cyts of those uniniti~ted in sented a synposium on @nt disease re- the mysteries cf Tuesday afternoon Sem- sistznce and not a single word was inars grew widcr adwider the first uttered by tho facay once the sympos- session 2s the Bic Ctiief oriented the got under way!!!! yroup on the purposes, theories, and practices of seninar. Yowever, as the quarter progrsssed the saw eyes were sr,en to bkk, half close and even shut complc~tely,(~specidLyin that hallowtd spot behind the pillar where you can doze in comparative sr:curity.) Sonzinars are a ~r~du~3lychanginq panorma, &,ch week the papers seen to gct longeq the s:lokz thicker, the roon! more crowded (A :ublic spoaking system to pipe the seninar to the coffee roon is being contempleted), and the chairs harder! ! -G- CHItISTr IAS PARTY A Thanksgiving reunion& the Hanson family in St. Paul brought OT Earl At our traditional Christmas party, Hanson from Madison, Wis. Frm..:hi;m we . the little kids p1c:nty of attention, got the details on the i'iinnesota-Wis- th~bigcer kids tr~cledtoys,occasional consin 14-14 tie. punches and shouts, whrle the big~est kids sun^ thsnselves hoarse, laughed OT Clyde Shunway, Vdterans Agri- occasionally, 'drank- large quantities culture te~chcr at Pine City, lblinn. of coffee and txchan~ed best wishes paid us a visit between Christaes and with one anothGr. Stzk joined in and New Years. led nany second and third choruses of old feniliar songs, Ton Myllie orqan- P~S. :qalcoL~ Shurtlt.ff (riargaret iz2d 3n entertainment propan which ~oknson)former off ice secret :.ry, cane called upon the talents of such ex- home iron Rhode Island for a visit and tmely fbe performers as Don Stewvt, brought gredtings fron OT husb2nd. ,aele, Keplinf~er, Hildreth, Smitty, Thurston, Aoore, Kinr, &s. Wyllie, Otn,r distinguished visitors came Xrs. Urescher, Piakila, Tuite, and J.J. from ail parts of the world. Among Christensen. The children wt.re de- thorn were i~h.L?. tick?ra j f ron India, lighted wit'? Snnta (A1dl=inder)Clms now a student at the Univtrsity of weighed down by his bundle of cifts. Chic3~o;ilr. 2nd blr~.aarn~s (Untom- All joined tot-ethor to wish a Xerry olocist ) f ron the Rockefeller Fonnda- Christa~s to all, and to all a qood tion in i"1exico City; Dr. Willia~Kehr, night. pknt breeder for the Ccliforni~Peck- in; Co., Rochelle, Illinois; Dr. bavid Be~rd,Cnief, Uivision of For? e Lrops and Ois~asis, USDA; and iJlr. Larlzton ~ldBnerswho honored us with visits Gerrison, Dirtctor,N~tionalFoundation auring tht: fall of i952 ce:iii: from near SLed Project; 3r. B. L, Stthi, Dean, and far. Faculty of Azriculture, State Colleg~ of .ici end H. sativu~, supL;oscdly to itcd the Dcpert.nent during tht Lhrist- crystallizt- 2nd c1:rify the contribu- :nns holidays. tions of the ppers. 1orrcLr (L~.COZ) Kcrnkamp wcs ltd ~str~yin 2 regort he wzs hiving on thc ~~iabilityof' Coryne- ----'xctc.riun ---indisiosu~i b~ct ri?. iniara9,e Puccinia 2,rzilinis tritici, in ~ddi- 2lf:lfa stem, first by Lidt and lloort tion to bcin;., -1orifi~d for post :rity who vorrciouslg took o&?osit:? sides on by two full pzgt.s in Life ka2zzine"9 the ef-itct of t-li ntdiun on thc pqtho- still S?sks in tlze 1intli;:ht on Thurs- ciinictj of b?ctLric, then thc: Bi,; Chicf d:2y evenia,~ in .PP k01. The rnmtor of interrupt:,d with c rel~tedpoint on th,: scninpr, in spite of stvcrcl cx- cr;,tinis.n which pro npted Jonnny Iiowell tendc.d absences to such world capi~als to bring in dcs-oxy-ribosL:nuclc;ic ~cid 2s ;'ashington cnd 1~ris(r vcry ~loorny rnd fi::roS~c-turi~'11 tunl2f aci~ns. iJatur- pl2c: in thc fall, to qvote E.L.S.)j ally, this forced rils? Jackson rnd iCS still n?n?gtd to k~cpus well infomad to brinL in strict myecli~l~nd strict on n~wduvelop.icnts in tht studjj of sporidi2l linLc of U.- ->z~.21: which ;3ve ?uc&ie r,rc?:ninls tt 2L, k~pttht fount snut ~,i,~crt Kt-rnkarnp his chzncc to g;et foaxind a:ld c;kitied quistions such as lxck into the discussion. is cJn A Pn A, id are rust repctions dcgr-es h 2 rpct of t~itfrtngus between R witie vnric,ty of otl-i~r subjects phytociai --iid suicide? wzs also r~vitw~d,including n~wscxu- 2lly pleonor~hic dis~onycet~s,winter n~ht. acn f rm i.li3 souri--Iron-Ilznd injury of ornzn,nt?l trtcs, converting Logsdon--kpt the scmiiznr functioning iuni;i to ?l[-cc, plat r&sc:.so colitrol s:noot,nly and in 2 truly dcxocratic by ~~ztibiotics,rnti tire occul-r,nce of style, During the discussion of the n-ei. nrts of --LhalLr? quLrcin? in anau2,l plant patholo~y,icnic it was -jlinntsota. i .novc wc p-ss the czrldi- novcd th?t FJ~hzve no Tore picnics. Tne vote wes cl~se,about50-2, but the

ThG f~llpicnic of ' 52 ~nadi: 2. s?lendid debut, .-is ~3011SrLLz,;s out yonciLr would h-vc. .acde us l~ssfondLr, WG ~rth~r~dt.le clcn :nci follot;, d trie p1~l.n. into the inion wt. cznt: which to Il?tt iVloorew~s iiJS-4lJE, For to hi? i" gicnic isn't so, if it isn't outside ?nd l.3 below!! 9- !ilt.-vc.rthsless, ; fine ti:it wes hrd by nost, w!>icl~is ruelly c nodcst bo~st. incl~'d,d in our orb w:-s ? visitor nzncd l'orbes, *~kocrmc LP north to bc our _utst. Thi f~stivitiesl-st~d or thr. 2 hours plus, with 7 ~raaui21dispcrssl of the populus , And so zt th, and of this r.1~zffair, only thost? who wcre on clean-up hrd a c2rt:! ! ! LOCALS evening banquet given by the Canadian Department of-Agriculture in honor of One of the largest and most impres- Dr. Stakrnan for his contributions to sive of recent atidj-tions to the divi- rust research, Subhighlights were an , sional physical plant is perhaps that historical suTmary of rust research in of the new rust greenhouse, This all- Canade by Dr.Neatby; the speech by Old aluminurn, 3-section, 38 x 75-foot green- Timer Harrar on behalf of the group, house,has been in operation since mid- presenting a giRb the guest cf hanor; October, It is located below the front and the acceptance by Dr.Staknan. Af- entrance of the building and north of ter comparing the Big Chief's present the farm nachine shop. It was a long "portfolio" to a carpet bag, Dr. Harrar fight to get the plunbers,electricians, presented a brief bag from the group. and their helpers moved out onto the duip pile, but, like the Kenya wheats, Some recent changes have occurred their resistance was broken after sev- in the Tottering Tower: Dr. Ralph eral days exposure to temperatures of Cotter and Don Stewart moved from the 85O~, Of particular interest are the Plant Yath Bldg. to Ag Botany -- seems cast concrete greenhouse benches with the peace and quiet of the old library raised lips around the edges, which on t,he fourth floar (hff, Puff! ), as permit all -tiering of plant materia well as the nearness cf the lower green- to be done from the bottozn. Tempera- houses, was irresistible. There is a ture contrdis much improved over pre- ~morthat Dr, idlelander also has cor- vious houses in that thennost~tically nered a desk in the dizzy heights, contrdled exhaust fans (installed) and automatic vent openers (on order) will In fact,the Ag Botany building must nake noon-tinekmporature peaks a thing be inproving, because, of all the build- of the past. With more space and bet- ings on farm campus, Entonology chose ter tempercture control, intricacies of Room 106 d the Tottering Tower in which host and pathogen are being unravelled to do research on infestation& stored at an appalling rate. grain by insects.

An international !&%eat Rust Confer- BIRTHS : ence was held in 1,Jinnipeg, Canada, from January 5 to 7. Perhaps it could bet- A daughter, Caral Jeanne, to Gene and ter 5e called a meeting of iL!innesota Gloria Hayden on December 18. alumni, for Old Timers wcre campant. T. Johnson, Barney Peturson, Bill Hanna, Neatby,Chcrewick, Sackston, Broadfoot, and Greaney were among the Canadian Springtime is degree time, Here they contingent. Representing the group are--look 'em over. LARRY TYNER, L. south of the line, or lines, as the HWAIVG, and PAUL S1GG:;HS have co'npleted case may be, were Bodenhiser, Harrar, requirements for the Ph.LL degree. Lew Young Jr., Borlaug, Gibler, Cnqpos, ALLISON has also passed his prelim* Helen Hark, Hayden, and Stalunan. Uis- Congratulations and salutations. cussion centerad around the rusts,leaf and stem, the organism, the search for JOHN PRESLEY has returned to Sacaton, resistant varieties, and allied prob- Arizona, where he will continue his cot- lems, Tentative plans call for a sim- ton root-rot investigations,during the ilar meeting two years hence. The ex- summer, However, he expects to return tent to ~fnich overall international to the Tottering Tower next fall. planning and cooperation have been de- veloped is certainly worthy of special Old Timer SOB ATKINSON is back with mention, us again. For the past three years Bob The 15-below-zero weather in Winni- has been at L,S.U.,where he worked out peg was more th3n offset by the warmth his masters thesis on the red rot dis- of the Canadian reception. Highlight ease of sugarcane. inlelcome back, Bob! of the first day's activities was the VALLEGA has been giving his Ford As a final recap on football, the ((,hemy-Bounce) another workout. He importarrtbodi;ames found U.S.C. edging has rzcently returned from Ams, Iowa, Wisconsin 7-0, in the grandpappy of the after visiting various departments and bowl games,Texas 16-Tennessee 0 in the rnaking pow-wow with several investi- Cotton Bow1,while .Palmolive Tech really gators there. cleaned up on Dirty U. in the Wash BOWL

That the Tottering Tower is still On the basketball fmnt, l4inneso tats holding itv own is evident by its new overrated champions@ hopes went afad- Sigma Xi initiates, namely: SIGGERS, in@w%h defeats by ~VIarquetteand North- TY;JSR, VALLEGA, CHILTON, HWkNG, US- western, which had been preceded by a KAXIS, HANSON and KING. Congratula- thrilling 77-73 triumph over Illinois, tions to all. the country's top ranking team, and rathsr unimpressive wins ovw Bradley, HAVE YOU HEARD? The Big Chief (Dr. Xavier and dichigan State. The quintet STAK~AIIJ) has been honored with the definitely lacks one guard and a for- chairnanship of the section of plant ward of Big Ten aaaer and is woefully pathology, at the 1.940 meeting of the weak in reserve strengkh. Our oay Intarn&tional Botanical Congress,to be forte lies in our phenomenal shooting, held in Stockholm, Sweden. Congratula- which seems to be running hot and cold. tions to the Lhief. This season inaugurates an $3-game con- --Aurora Sporealis--.- XV, No.3 ference schedule with the chanp prob- - -- - ..--- -- ably boasting a final 14-4 record;

The i4innesota hockey team is a def- inite cham2ionship contender and, paced With the year's Eirst ..blizzard a by a sensational first front line, forgotten cvent, it seems strange to should put Gopherville back on the talk football, but following a spec- hockey map. tacular season and an abundancecf bowl ganeq old man foot,5all is dying a slow Within the departxent,we argue pro- death at evening coffee hours. At the fusely, reminisce sadly, and exercise risk of raising the dead, it can be little. Spurred on by the Chief' s en- said that Minnesota finished a strong viable r~cord,a few are playing hand- contender for the Big Ten title, being ball and otherswork cut in the gym. deprived of the Rose Bowl trip by a The bowling tezm is steadily climbing final 20-20 thriller a;ainst highly in the tough 15-nan league. In all favored Wisconsin, this year's bowl seriousness, the old departmsnt is still. tzam. The overall conference record the sxne, sports being definitely king found the Gophers winning from Iowa, of extra-curricular activities. It is Northwestern and upsetting the Illini, rare indied when someone isntt%alking while dropping a tough one to Michigan sports of some kind, somewhere in the at Ann Arbor and tying hrdue and Wis- department. Yes, sports is still king! consin. Minnesotaf s Paul Giel, brilliar$ -. tailback, was right,ly chosen All-Con- J. ;. Christensen L;\j, ference, All-Axerican znd most valuable Louise Dosdnll , i

Big Ten perforntr, He was truly out- J. E. DeVay /' ,, standing. Laura A. Hamilton, chairman /' For the records, Purdue and Wiscon- '/ sin tied for the conference lead, with the Badgers elected as the Fig Ten rep- resentative.