A Brief History of Microwave Engineering
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5.1 Audio and Video System L T
5.1 AUDIO AND VIDEO SYSTEM L T P 4 - 4 Unit:- I (22 Periods) Audio System 1.1 Basics of Working Principle, Construction, polar pattern, frequency response & application of Carbon, moving coil, velocity, crystal, condenser & cordless microphones. 1.2 Basics of Working Principle, Construction, polar pattern, frequency response & application of direct radiating & horn Loud Speaker. Basic idea of woofer, tweeter, mid range, multi-speaker system, baffles and enclosures. crossover networks, Speakers column. UNIT: 2 (20 Periods) SOUND RECORDING:- 1- Fundamentals of Sound recording on Disc & magnetic tape. Brief principle of sound recording. Concept of tape transport mechanism 2- Digital sound recording on tape and disc. Brief concept of VCD, DVD and Video Camera. 3- Principle of video recording on CDs and DVDs. Recordable and Rewritable CDs. Idea of pre-amplifier, amplifier and equalizer system, stereo amplifiers. Unit:3 (12 Periods) ACOUSTIC REVERBERATION:- 1- Reverberation of sound. Absorption and Insulation of sound. Acoustics of auditorium sound in enclosures. Absorption coefficient of various acoustic materials. (No mathematical derivations). Unit 04 (10 Periods) VIDEO CAMERA:- 1- Main features, Working principle, Area of application, Identification of various stages and main components, of single tube camera, ENG camera. TEXT BOOKS 1. A. Sharma- Audio Video & TV Engineering- Danpat rai & Sons. 2. Benson & Whitaker - Television and Audio Handbook- McGrawHill Pub. LIST OF PRACTICAL’S 1- Study of different features and Measurement of directivity of various types of microphones and loudspeakers. (Approximate). 2- Draw the frequency response, bass and treble response of stereo amplifier. 3- Channel separation in stereo amplifier and measurement of its distortion. 4- Installation and operation of a stereo system amplifier. -
Great Physicists
Great Physicists Great Physicists The Life and Times of Leading Physicists from Galileo to Hawking William H. Cropper 1 2001 1 Oxford New York Athens Auckland Bangkok Bogota´ Buenos Aires Cape Town Chennai Dar es Salaam Delhi Florence HongKong Istanbul Karachi Kolkata Kuala Lumpur Madrid Melbourne Mexico City Mumbai Nairobi Paris Sao Paulo Shanghai Singapore Taipei Tokyo Toronto Warsaw and associated companies in Berlin Ibadan Copyright ᭧ 2001 by Oxford University Press, Inc. Published by Oxford University Press, Inc. 198 Madison Avenue, New York, New York 10016 Oxford is a registered trademark of Oxford University Press All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior permission of Oxford University Press. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Cropper, William H. Great Physicists: the life and times of leadingphysicists from Galileo to Hawking/ William H. Cropper. p. cm Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 0–19–513748–5 1. Physicists—Biography. I. Title. QC15 .C76 2001 530'.092'2—dc21 [B] 2001021611 987654321 Printed in the United States of America on acid-free paper Contents Preface ix Acknowledgments xi I. Mechanics Historical Synopsis 3 1. How the Heavens Go 5 Galileo Galilei 2. A Man Obsessed 18 Isaac Newton II. Thermodynamics Historical Synopsis 41 3. A Tale of Two Revolutions 43 Sadi Carnot 4. On the Dark Side 51 Robert Mayer 5. A Holy Undertaking59 James Joule 6. Unities and a Unifier 71 Hermann Helmholtz 7. The Scientist as Virtuoso 78 William Thomson 8. -
A Singing, Dancing Universe Jon Butterworth Enjoys a Celebration of Mathematics-Led Theoretical Physics
SPRING BOOKS COMMENT under physicist and Nobel laureate William to the intensely scrutinized narrative on the discovery “may turn out to be the greatest Henry Bragg, studying small mol ecules such double helix itself, he clarifies key issues. He development in the field of molecular genet- as tartaric acid. Moving to the University points out that the infamous conflict between ics in recent years”. And, on occasion, the of Leeds, UK, in 1928, Astbury probed the Wilkins and chemist Rosalind Franklin arose scope is too broad. The tragic figure of Nikolai structure of biological fibres such as hair. His from actions of John Randall, head of the Vavilov, the great Soviet plant geneticist of the colleague Florence Bell took the first X-ray biophysics unit at King’s College London. He early twentieth century who perished in the diffraction photographs of DNA, leading to implied to Franklin that she would take over Gulag, features prominently, but I am not sure the “pile of pennies” model (W. T. Astbury Wilkins’ work on DNA, yet gave Wilkins the how relevant his research is here. Yet pulling and F. O. Bell Nature 141, 747–748; 1938). impression she would be his assistant. Wilkins such figures into the limelight is partly what Her photos, plagued by technical limitations, conceded the DNA work to Franklin, and distinguishes Williams’s book from others. were fuzzy. But in 1951, Astbury’s lab pro- PhD student Raymond Gosling became her What of those others? Franklin Portugal duced a gem, by the rarely mentioned Elwyn assistant. It was Gosling who, under Franklin’s and Jack Cohen covered much the same Beighton. -
Curren T Anthropology
Forthcoming Current Anthropology Wenner-Gren Symposium Curren Supplementary Issues (in order of appearance) t Humanness and Potentiality: Revisiting the Anthropological Object in the Anthropolog Current Context of New Medical Technologies. Klaus Hoeyer and Karen-Sue Taussig, eds. Alternative Pathways to Complexity: Evolutionary Trajectories in the Anthropology Middle Paleolithic and Middle Stone Age. Steven L. Kuhn and Erella Hovers, eds. y THE WENNER-GREN SYMPOSIUM SERIES Previously Published Supplementary Issues December 2012 HUMAN BIOLOGY AND THE ORIGINS OF HOMO Working Memory: Beyond Language and Symbolism. omas Wynn and Frederick L. Coolidge, eds. GUEST EDITORS: SUSAN ANTÓN AND LESLIE C. AIELLO Engaged Anthropology: Diversity and Dilemmas. Setha M. Low and Sally Early Homo: Who, When, and Where Engle Merry, eds. Environmental and Behavioral Evidence V Dental Evidence for the Reconstruction of Diet in African Early Homo olum Corporate Lives: New Perspectives on the Social Life of the Corporate Form. Body Size, Body Shape, and the Circumscription of the Genus Homo Damani Partridge, Marina Welker, and Rebecca Hardin, eds. Ecological Energetics in Early Homo e 5 Effects of Mortality, Subsistence, and Ecology on Human Adult Height 3 e Origins of Agriculture: New Data, New Ideas. T. Douglas Price and Plasticity in Human Life History Strategy Ofer Bar-Yosef, eds. Conditions for Evolution of Small Adult Body Size in Southern Africa Supplement Growth, Development, and Life History throughout the Evolution of Homo e Biological Anthropology of Living Human Populations: World Body Size, Size Variation, and Sexual Size Dimorphism in Early Homo Histories, National Styles, and International Networks. Susan Lindee and Ricardo Ventura Santos, eds. -
Physics Today - February 2003
Physics Today - February 2003 Rosalind Franklin and the Double Helix Although she made essential contributions toward elucidating the structure of DNA, Rosalind Franklin is known to many only as seen through the distorting lens of James Watson's book, The Double Helix. by Lynne Osman Elkin - California State University, Hayward In 1962, James Watson, then at Harvard University, and Cambridge University's Francis Crick stood next to Maurice Wilkins from King's College, London, to receive the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for their "discoveries concerning the molecular structure of nucleic acids and its significance for information transfer in living material." Watson and Crick could not have proposed their celebrated structure for DNA as early in 1953 as they did without access to experimental results obtained by King's College scientist Rosalind Franklin. Franklin had died of cancer in 1958 at age 37, and so was ineligible to share the honor. Her conspicuous absence from the awards ceremony--the dramatic culmination of the struggle to determine the structure of DNA--probably contributed to the neglect, for several decades, of Franklin's role in the DNA story. She most likely never knew how significantly her data influenced Watson and Crick's proposal. Franklin was born 25 July 1920 to Muriel Waley Franklin and merchant banker Ellis Franklin, both members of educated and socially conscious Jewish families. They were a close immediate family, prone to lively discussion and vigorous debates at which the politically liberal, logical, and determined Rosalind excelled: She would even argue with her assertive, conservative father. Early in life, Rosalind manifested the creativity and drive characteristic of the Franklin women, and some of the Waley women, who were expected to focus their education, talents, and skills on political, educational, and charitable forms of community service. -
Numerical Studies and Optimization of Magnetron with Diffraction Output (MDO) Using Particle-In-Cell Simulations
Old Dominion University ODU Digital Commons Electrical & Computer Engineering Theses & Dissertations Electrical & Computer Engineering Fall 2015 Numerical Studies and Optimization of Magnetron with Diffraction Output (MDO) Using Particle-in-Cell Simulations Alireza Majzoobi Old Dominion University Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.odu.edu/ece_etds Part of the Electromagnetics and Photonics Commons, and the Physics Commons Recommended Citation Majzoobi, Alireza. "Numerical Studies and Optimization of Magnetron with Diffraction Output (MDO) Using Particle-in-Cell Simulations" (2015). Master of Science (MS), Thesis, Electrical & Computer Engineering, Old Dominion University, DOI: 10.25777/f6se-9e02 https://digitalcommons.odu.edu/ece_etds/1 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Electrical & Computer Engineering at ODU Digital Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Electrical & Computer Engineering Theses & Dissertations by an authorized administrator of ODU Digital Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. NUMERICAL STUDIES AND OPTIMIZATION OF MAGNETRON WITH DIFFRACTION OUTPUT (MDO) USING PARTICLE-IN-CELL SIMULATIONS by Alireza Majzoobi B.Sc. September 2007, Sharif University of Technology, Iran M.Sc. October 2011, University of Tehran, Iran A Thesis Submitted to the Faculty of Old Dominion University in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of MASTER OF SCIENCE ELECTRICAL AND COMPUTER ENGINEERING OLD DOMINION UNIVERSITY December 2015 Approved by: Ravindra P. Joshi (Director) Linda Vahala (Member) Shu Xiao (Member) ABSTRACT NUMERICAL STUDIES AND OPTIMIZATION OF MAGNETRON WITH DIFFRACTION OUTPUT (MDO) USING PARTICLE-IN-CELL SIMULATIONS Alireza Majzoobi Old Dominion University, 2015 Director: Dr. Ravindra P. Joshi The first magnetron as a vacuum-tube device, capable of generating microwaves, was invented in 1913. -
Design and Simulation of 8-Cavity-Hole- Slot Type Magnetron on Cst-Particle Studio
DESIGN AND SIMULATION OF 8-CAVITY-HOLE- SLOT TYPE MAGNETRON ON CST-PARTICLE STUDIO A Dissertation Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirement for the Award of the Degree of MASTER OF ENGINEERING In Wireless Communication Submitted By SALMA KHATOON 801563022 Under Supervision of Dr. Rana Pratap Yadav Assistant professor, ECED ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT THAPAR UNIVERSITY, PATIALA, PUNJAB JULY, 2017 ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENT I would like to express my profound exaltation and gratitude to my mentor Dr. Rana Pratap Yadav for his candidate guidance, constructive propositions and over whelming inspiration in the nurturing work. It has been a blessing for me to spend many opportune moments under the guidance of the perfectionist at the acme of professionalism. The present work is testimony to his activity, inspiration and ardent personal interest, taken by him during the course of his work in its present form. I am also thankful to Dr. Alpana Agarwal, Head of Department, ECED & our P.G coordinator Dr. Ashutosh Kumar Singh Associate Professor. I would like to thank entire faculty members and staff of Electronics and Communication Engineering Department who devoted their valuable time and helped me in all possible ways towards successful completion of this work. I am also grateful to all the friends and colleagues who supported me throughout, I thankful all those who have contributed directly or indirectly to this work. I would like to express my sincere gratitude to all. Salma Khatoon ME (801563022) iii ABSTRACT In wireless communication technologies, three types of modulation have been used in modern radar systems commonly – pulse (as a particular type of amplitude); frequency; and phase modulation respectively. -
John Napier's Life Napier's Logarithms KYLIE BRYANT & PAUL SCOTT
KYLIE BRYANT & PAUL SCOTT John Napier’s life Napier’s logarithms John Napier was born in 1550 in the Tower of Napier’s idea in inventing the logarithm was to Merchiston, near Edinburgh, Scotland. His save mathematicians from having to do large father, Archibald Napier, was knighted in 1565 calculations. These days, calculations and was appointed Master of the Mint in 1582. involving large numbers are done using calcu- His mother, Janet Bothwell, was the sister of lators or computers; however before these were the Bishop of Orkney. Napier’s was an impor- invented, large calculations meant that much tant family in Scotland, and had owned the time was taken and mistakes were made. Merchiston estate since 1430. Napier’s logarithm was not defined in terms Napier was educated at St Salvator’s of exponents as our logarithm is today. College, graduating in 1563. He was just 13 Instead Napier thought of his logarithm in years old when his mother died and he was terms of moving particles, distances and veloc- sent to St Andrew’s University where he ities. He considered two lines, AZ of fixed studied for two years. This is where he gained length and A'Z' of infinite length and points X his interest in theology. He did not graduate, and X' starting at A and A' moving to the right however, instead leaving to travel around with the same initial velocity. X' has constant Europe for the next five years. During this velocity and X has a velocity proportional to time he gained knowledge of mathematics and the distance from X to Z. -
The Radio Amateurs Microwave Communications Handbook.Pdf
1594 THE RADIO AMATEUR'S COM ' · CA 10 S HANDBOOK DAVE INGRAM, K4TWJ THE RADIO AMATEUR'S - MICROWAVE COMMUNICATIONS · HANDBOOK DAVE INGRAM, K4TWJ ITABI TAB BOOKS Inc. Blue Ridge Summit, PA 17214 Other TAB Books by the Author No. 1120 OSCAR: The Ham Radio Satellites No. 1258 Electronics Projects for Hams, SWLs, CSers & Radio Ex perimenters No. 1259 Secrets of Ham Radio DXing No. 1474 Video Electronics Technology FIRST EDITION FIRST PRINTING Copyright © 1985 by TAB BOOKS Inc. Printed in the United States of America Reproduction or publication of the content in any manner, without express permission of the publisher, is prohibited. No liability is assumed with respect to the use of the information herein. Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data Ingram, Dave. The radio amateur's microwave communications handbook. Includes index. 1. Microwave communication systems-Amateurs' manuals. I. Title. TK9957.154 1985 621.38'0413 85-22184 ISBN 0-8306-0194-5 ISBN 0-8306-0594-0 (pbk.) Contents Acknowledgments v Introduction vi 1 The Amateur 's Microwave Spectrum 1 The Early Days and Gear for Microwaves- The Microwave Spectrum- Microwavesand EME-Microwavesand the Am- ateur Satellite Program 2 Microwave Electronic Theory 17 Electronic Techniques for hf/vhf Ranges- Electronic Tech- niques for Microwaves-Klystron Operation-Magnetron Operation-Gunn Diode Theory 3 Popular Microwave Bands 29 Circuit and Antennas for the 13-cm Band-Designs for 13-cm Equipment 4 Communications Equipment for 1.2 GHz 42 23-cm Band Plan-Available Equipment- 23-cm OX 5 -
The Logarithmic Tables of Edward Sang and His Daughters
View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Elsevier - Publisher Connector Historia Mathematica 30 (2003) 47–84 www.elsevier.com/locate/hm The logarithmic tables of Edward Sang and his daughters Alex D.D. Craik School of Mathematics & Statistics, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, Fife KY16 9SS, Scotland, United Kingdom Abstract Edward Sang (1805–1890), aided only by his daughters Flora and Jane, compiled vast logarithmic and other mathematical tables. These exceed in accuracy and extent the tables of the French Bureau du Cadastre, produced by Gaspard de Prony and a multitude of assistants during 1794–1801. Like Prony’s, only a small part of Sang’s tables was published: his 7-place logarithmic tables of 1871. The contents and fate of Sang’s manuscript volumes, the abortive attempts to publish them, and some of Sang’s methods are described. A brief biography of Sang outlines his many other contributions to science and technology in both Scotland and Turkey. Remarkably, the tables were mostly compiled in his spare time. 2003 Elsevier Science (USA). All rights reserved. Résumé Edward Sang (1805–1890), aidé seulement par sa famille, c’est à dire ses filles Flora et Jane, compila des tables vastes des logarithmes et des autres fonctions mathématiques. Ces tables sont plus accurates, et plus extensives que celles du Bureau du Cadastre, compileés les années 1794–1801 par Gaspard de Prony et une foule de ses aides. On ne publia qu’une petite partie des tables de Sang (comme celles de Prony) : ses tables du 1871 des logarithmes à 7-places décimales. -
Microwave Engineering and Systems Applications
Microwave Engineering and Systems Applications Edward A. Wolff Roger Kaul WILEY A WILEY-INTERSCIENCE PUBLICATION JOHN WILEY & SONS New York • Chichester • Brisbane • Toronto • Singapore Contributors J. Douglas Adam (Chapter 10, co-author), Westinghouse Research Labo ratories, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania David Blough (Chapter 22, co-author), Westinghouse Electric Co., Balti more, Maryland Michael C. Driver (Chapter 16), Westinghouse Research Laboratories, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania Albert W. Friend (Chapter 5), Space and Naval Warfare Systems Com mand, Washington, D.C. Robert V. Garver (Chapters 6, 9, and 12; Chapter 10, co-author), Harry Diamond Laboratories, Adelphi, Maryland William E. Hosey (Chapter 17; Chapter 22, co-author), Westinghouse Elec tric Co., Baltimore, Maryland Roger Kaul (Chapters 2, 3, 4, 8, 11, 13, 14, 18, 19, 20, 21; Chapters 7, 15 co-author), Litton Amecom, College Park, Maryland (Presently at Harry Diamond Laboratories) David A. Leiss (Chapters 7 and 15, co-author), EEsof Inc., Manassas, Virginia Preface This book had its beginnings when Richard A. Wainwright, Cir-Q-Tel Pres ident, asked Washington area microwave engineers to create a course to interest students in microwave engineering and prepare them for positions industry was unable to fill. Five of these microwave engineers, H. Warren Cooper, Albert W. Friend, Robert V. Garver, Roger Kaul, and Edward A. Wolff, responded to the request. These engineers formed the Washington Microwave Education Committee, which designed and developed the mi crowave course. Financial support to defray course expenses was provided by Bruno Weinschel, President of Weinschel Engineering. The course was given for several years to seniors at the Capitol Institute of Technology in Laurel, Maryland. -
November 2019
A selection of some recent arrivals November 2019 Rare and important books & manuscripts in science and medicine, by Christian Westergaard. Flæsketorvet 68 – 1711 København V – Denmark Cell: (+45)27628014 www.sophiararebooks.com AMPÈRE, André-Marie. THE FOUNDATION OF ELECTRO- DYNAMICS, INSCRIBED BY AMPÈRE AMPÈRE, Andre-Marie. Mémoires sur l’action mutuelle de deux courans électri- ques, sur celle qui existe entre un courant électrique et un aimant ou le globe terres- tre, et celle de deux aimans l’un sur l’autre. [Paris: Feugeray, 1821]. $22,500 8vo (219 x 133mm), pp. [3], 4-112 with five folding engraved plates (a few faint scattered spots). Original pink wrappers, uncut (lacking backstrip, one cord partly broken with a few leaves just holding, slightly darkened, chip to corner of upper cov- er); modern cloth box. An untouched copy in its original state. First edition, probable first issue, extremely rare and inscribed by Ampère, of this continually evolving collection of important memoirs on electrodynamics by Ampère and others. “Ampère had originally intended the collection to contain all the articles published on his theory of electrodynamics since 1820, but as he pre- pared copy new articles on the subject continued to appear, so that the fascicles, which apparently began publication in 1821, were in a constant state of revision, with at least five versions of the collection appearing between 1821 and 1823 un- der different titles” (Norman). The collection begins with ‘Mémoires sur l’action mutuelle de deux courans électriques’, Ampère’s “first great memoir on electrody- namics” (DSB), representing his first response to the demonstration on 21 April 1820 by the Danish physicist Hans Christian Oersted (1777-1851) that electric currents create magnetic fields; this had been reported by François Arago (1786- 1853) to an astonished Académie des Sciences on 4 September.