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Indonesia's Diplomacy in Protecting Indonesia's Migrant Workers

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Indonesia's Diplomacy in Protecting Indonesia's Migrant Workers Indonesia’s Diplomacy in Protecting Indonesia’s Migrant Workers against Human Rights Violations in Saudi Arabia (2010-2014) BY: RIKE NINDITA OCTOVIANA ID no. 016201300128 A Thesis presented to the Faculty of Humanities, International Relations Study Program President University In partial Fulfillment of the requirements for Bachelor’s Degree in International Relations Major in Diplomacy Studies May 2017 THESIS ADVISOR RECOMMENDATION LETTER This thesis entitled “Indonesia’s Diplomacy in Protecting Indonesia’s Migrant Workers Against Human Rights Violations in Saudi Arabia (2010- 2014)” prepared and submitted by Rike Nindita Octoviana in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Bachelor in the Faculty of Humanities, International Relations Study Program has been reviewed and found to have satisfied the requirements for a thesis fit to be examined. I therefore recommend this thesis for Oral Defense. Cikarang, Indonesia, May 26, 2017 Name and Signature of Advisor ___________________________ (Drs. Teuku Rezasyah, M.A., Ph.D.) Thesis Advisor i | P a g e DECLARATION OF ORIGINALITY I declare that this thesis, entitled “Indonesia’s Diplomacy in Protecting Indonesia’s Migrant Workers against Human Rights Violations in Saudi Arabia (2010-2014)” is, to the best of my knowledge and belief, an original piece of work that has not been submitted, either in whole or in part, to another university to obtain a degree. Cikarang, Indonesia, May 2017 ___________________________ Rike Nindita Octoviana ii | P a g e PANEL OF EXAMINERS APPROVAL SHEET The Panel of Examiners declare that the thesis entitled “Indonesia’s Diplomacy in Protecting Indonesia’s Migrant Workers Against Human Rights Violations in Saudi Arabia (2010-2014)” that was submitted by Rike Nindita Octoviana, majoring in International Relations from the Faculty of Humanities was assessed and approved to have passed the Oral Examination on 2 June 2017. Dr. Phil. Reza A.A. Wattimena, S.S., M.Hum. Examiner I Natasya Kusumawardani, S.IP., MProfStuds (Hons) Examniner II Drs. Teuku Rezasyah, M.A., Ph.D. Thesis Adviser iii | P a g e ABSTRACT Name : Rike Nindita Octoviana ID no : 016201300128 Title : Indonesia’s Diplomacy in Protecting Indonesia’s migrant workers Against Human Rights Violations in Saudi Arabia (2010- 2014) Human Right is the basic and absolute right of every people, because he or she was born human. The topic of human right issues has become the most discussion topic all over the world which create charter that upholds the human right that is Universal Declaration of Human Right and Vienna Declaration and Programme of Action. In Indonesia, Saudi Arabia is the second largest country as the main destination for Indonesian migrant workers placement, even though Saudi Arabia is also known as the country with a high level of migrant workers complaints. This research uses the concept of diplomacy to analysis the Indonesia’s diplomacy in protecting Indonesia’s migrant workers in Saudi Arabia. The Kafalah’s system which Saudi Arabia embraces, is the main factor which caused human rights violation. The case of Sumiati on 2010, forced Indonesian government impose the moratorium towards Saudi Arabia, effective on August 1, 2011. The impact of moratorium pushed Saudi Arabia towards the discussion that resulted in agreement of Indonesia’s migrant workers protection. Through several diplomacy effort (summit or meetings and negotiations) such as Senior Official Meetings I, Senior Official Meeting II, Ministerial Bilateral Meetings, on February 19, 2014 Indonesia managed to improve the protection of migrant workers by signing Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) on Ministerial Bilateral Meetings II. Keywords: Migrant Workers, Diplomacy, MoU, Saudi Arabia iv | P a g e ABSTRAK Nama : Rike Nindita Octoviana ID no : 016201300128 Judul : Indonesia’s Diplomacy in Protecting Indonesia’s migrant workers Against Human Rights Violations in Saudi Arabia (2010- 2014) Hak Asasi Manusia adalah hak dasar dan mutlak setiap orang, karena dia dilahirkan manusia. Topik tentang isu hak asasi manusia telah menjadi topic diskusi paling banyak di seluruh dunia. Ada piagam yang menjunjung tinggi hak asasi manusia yaitu Deklarasi Universal tentang Hak Asasi Manusia dan Deklarasi dan Program Aksi Wina. Arab Saudi adalah Negara terbesar kedua sebagai tempat tujuan utama dan penempatan pekerja migran Indonesia, namun Arab Saudi juga berada di tempat pertama sebagai Negara dengan tingkat keluhan pekerja migran Indonesia yang tinggi. Peneliti menggunakan konsep diplomasi untuk menganalisis diplomasi Indonesia dalam melindungi pekerja migran Indonesia di Arab Saudi. Sistem Kafalah yang di anut oleh Arab Saudi, menjadi salah satu faktor terjadinya kekerasan. Kasus Sumiati pada tahun 2010, membuat pemerintah Indonesia memberlakukan moratorium terhadap Arab Saudi, yang efektif pada 1 Agustus 2011. Dampak moratorium membuat, Arab Saudi ingin membahas tentang kesepakatan perlindungan pekerja migrant Indonesia. Melalui beberapa upaya diplomasi (pertemuan puncak atau pertemuan dan negosiasi) seperti Rapat Pejabat Resmi I, Rapat Pejabat Tinggi II, Rapat Bilateral Menteri, pada tanggal 19 Februari 2014 Indonesia dapat memperbaiki perlindungan pekerja migran dengan menandatangani Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) di Rapat Bilateral Menteri II. Kata Kunci: Tenaga Kerja Indonesia, Diplomasi, MoU, Arab Saudi v | P a g e ACKNOWLEDMENT For first gratitude is to the Lord, I would like to say thanks to Jesus Christ for giving me strength to fight my laziness, easily give up, fear and anxiety in doing and finishing my thesis. Also regret that always I feel because I’m not managing my time well. I am very grateful that I can learn how to manage my time schedule in the future and be more patience during the process in finishing it. Secondly, my father, Timotius Heri Witjaksono and my mother, Nouke Ade Mailoor who give me support and pray to finishing my thesis and not pressing me hard to finish my thesis. Thank you for believing me that I can finish this thesis. Thirdly, I would like to say big thanks for my thesis advisor Mr. Teuku Rezasyah and Ms. Natasya Kusumawardani who give their idea, knowledge, suggestion and time in completing my thesis. I would like to say big thanks for my friends (Ine, Hana, Sandra, Thia, Meris and Debol) for supporting, ask, helping and encourage me to finish this thesis. Also no exception Koko Wise Brain, for always encourage, believe, support and reminds me to do and finish my thesis. Thank you for stay by my side when I feel sad and depressed because of my thesis, and spare his time to help me for grammatical check and editing my thesis. Cikarang, 26 May 2017 Rike Nindita Octoviana vi | P a g e TABLE OF CONTENTS THESIS ADVISOR RECOMMENDATION LETTER ..................................... i DECLARATION OF ORIGINALITY .............................................................. ii PANEL OF EXAMINERS APPROVAL SHEET ........................................... iii ABSTRACT ...................................................................................................... iv ABSTRAK ......................................................................................................... v ACKNOWLEDMENT ..................................................................................... vi TABLE OF CONTENTS ................................................................................. vii LIST OF TABLES ............................................................................................ ix LIST OF FIGURES .......................................................................................... ix LIST OF ACRONYMS ..................................................................................... x CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION ........................................................................ 1 I.1 Background of Study ................................................................................ 1 I.2 Problem Identification .............................................................................. 6 I.3 Statement of the Problem .......................................................................... 7 I.4 Research Objectives .................................................................................. 7 I.5 Significant of the Study ............................................................................ 7 1.6 Theoretical Framework ............................................................................ 8 I.6.1 Diplomacy .......................................................................................... 8 I.7 Scope and Limitations of the Study ........................................................ 13 I.8 Research Methodology ........................................................................... 14 I.9 Literature Review .................................................................................... 15 I.10 Structure of the Thesis .......................................................................... 20 I.11 Chapter Summary ................................................................................. 21 CHAPTER II INDONESIA’S MIGRANT WORKERS IN SAUDI ARABIA .......................................................................................................................... 22 II.1 Development of Indonesia Workers in Saudi Arabia ............................ 22 II.2 Indonesia and Saudi Arabia legal basis of migrant workers protection 23 II.2.1 Indonesia legal basis of migrant workers protection ...................... 23 II.2.2 President
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